Neutralizing activities against seasonal influenza viruses in human intravenous immunoglobulin
Identifieur interne : 000D59 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000D58; suivant : 000D60Neutralizing activities against seasonal influenza viruses in human intravenous immunoglobulin
Auteurs : Hiroyuki Onodera ; Takeru Urayama [Japon] ; Kazue Hirota ; Kazuhiro Maeda ; Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu ; Kazuo Takahashi ; Katsuro Hagiwara [Japon] ; Yoshinobu Okuno ; Kazuyoshi Ikuta ; Mikihiro Yunoki [Japon]Source :
- Biologics : Targets & Therapy [ 1177-5475 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Influenza viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B are known seasonal viruses that undergo annual mutation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) contains anti-seasonal influenza virus globulins. Although the virus-neutralizing (VN) titer is an indicator of protective antibodies, changes in this titer over extended time periods have yet to be examined. In this study, variations in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and VN titers against seasonal influenza viruses in IVIG lots over extended time periods were examined. In addition, the importance of monitoring the reactivity of IVIG against seasonal influenza viruses with varying antigenicity was evaluated. A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B influenza virus strains and IVIG lots manufactured from 1999 to 2014 were examined. The HI titer was measured by standard methods. The VN titer was measured using a micro-focus method. IVIG exhibited significant HI and VN titers against all investigated strains. Our results suggest that the donor population maintains both specific and cross-reactive antibodies against seasonal influenza viruses, except in cases of pandemic viruses, despite major antigen changes. The titers against seasonal influenza vaccine strains, including past strains, were stable over short time periods but increased slowly over time.
Url:
DOI: 10.2147/BTT.S123831
PubMed: 28331286
PubMed Central: 5354529
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Tokyo</nlm:aff><country>Japon</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirota, Kazue" sort="Hirota, Kazue" uniqKey="Hirota K" first="Kazue" last="Hirota">Kazue Hirota</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-btt-11-023">Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kagawa</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kagawa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maeda, Kazuhiro" sort="Maeda, Kazuhiro" uniqKey="Maeda K" first="Kazuhiro" last="Maeda">Kazuhiro Maeda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-btt-11-023">Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kagawa</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kagawa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kubota Koketsu, Ritsuko" sort="Kubota Koketsu, Ritsuko" uniqKey="Kubota Koketsu R" first="Ritsuko" last="Kubota-Koketsu">Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-btt-11-023">Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kagawa</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kagawa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-btt-11-023">Former Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Osaka University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takahashi, Kazuo" sort="Takahashi, Kazuo" uniqKey="Takahashi K" first="Kazuo" last="Takahashi">Kazuo Takahashi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5-btt-11-023">Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Osaka</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagiwara, Katsuro" sort="Hagiwara, Katsuro" uniqKey="Hagiwara K" first="Katsuro" last="Hagiwara">Katsuro Hagiwara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6-btt-11-023">Pathogenic Risk Evaluation, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Pathogenic Risk Evaluation, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hokkaido</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okuno, Yoshinobu" sort="Okuno, Yoshinobu" uniqKey="Okuno Y" first="Yoshinobu" last="Okuno">Yoshinobu Okuno</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-btt-11-023">Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kagawa</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kagawa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ikuta, Kazuyoshi" sort="Ikuta, Kazuyoshi" uniqKey="Ikuta K" first="Kazuyoshi" last="Ikuta">Kazuyoshi Ikuta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-btt-11-023">Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kagawa</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kagawa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-btt-11-023">Former Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Osaka University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yunoki, Mikihiro" sort="Yunoki, Mikihiro" uniqKey="Yunoki M" first="Mikihiro" last="Yunoki">Mikihiro Yunoki</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af2-btt-11-023">Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization, Tokyo</nlm:aff><country>Japon</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-btt-11-023">Former Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Osaka University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6-btt-11-023">Pathogenic Risk Evaluation, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Pathogenic Risk Evaluation, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hokkaido</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Biologics : Targets & Therapy</title><idno type="ISSN">1177-5475</idno><idno type="eISSN">1177-5491</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Influenza viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B are known seasonal viruses that undergo annual mutation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) contains anti-seasonal influenza virus globulins. Although the virus-neutralizing (VN) titer is an indicator of protective antibodies, changes in this titer over extended time periods have yet to be examined. In this study, variations in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and VN titers against seasonal influenza viruses in IVIG lots over extended time periods were examined. In addition, the importance of monitoring the reactivity of IVIG against seasonal influenza viruses with varying antigenicity was evaluated. A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B influenza virus strains and IVIG lots manufactured from 1999 to 2014 were examined. The HI titer was measured by standard methods. The VN titer was measured using a micro-focus method. IVIG exhibited significant HI and VN titers against all investigated strains. Our results suggest that the donor population maintains both specific and cross-reactive antibodies against seasonal influenza viruses, except in cases of pandemic viruses, despite major antigen changes. The titers against seasonal influenza vaccine strains, including past strains, were stable over short time periods but increased slowly over time.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pichyangkul, S" uniqKey="Pichyangkul S">S Pichyangkul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jongkaewwattana, A" uniqKey="Jongkaewwattana A">A Jongkaewwattana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thitithanyanont, A" uniqKey="Thitithanyanont A">A Thitithanyanont</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yunoki, M" uniqKey="Yunoki M">M Yunoki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kubota Koketsu, R" uniqKey="Kubota Koketsu R">R Kubota-Koketsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Urayama, T" uniqKey="Urayama T">T Urayama</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hong, Dk" uniqKey="Hong D">DK Hong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tremoulet, Ah" uniqKey="Tremoulet A">AH Tremoulet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burns, Jc" uniqKey="Burns J">JC Burns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Db" uniqKey="Lewis D">DB Lewis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kubota Koketsu, R" uniqKey="Kubota Koketsu R">R Kubota-Koketsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yunoki, M" uniqKey="Yunoki M">M Yunoki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okuno, Y" uniqKey="Okuno Y">Y Okuno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ikuta, K" uniqKey="Ikuta K">K Ikuta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okuno, Y" uniqKey="Okuno Y">Y Okuno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, K" uniqKey="Tanaka K">K Tanaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baba, K" uniqKey="Baba K">K Baba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maeda, A" uniqKey="Maeda A">A Maeda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kunita, N" uniqKey="Kunita N">N Kunita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ueda, S" uniqKey="Ueda S">S Ueda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gokturk, B" uniqKey="Gokturk B">B Gokturk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pekcan, S" uniqKey="Pekcan S">S Pekcan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guner, Sn" uniqKey="Guner S">SN Guner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Davey, Rt" uniqKey="Davey R">RT Davey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Markowitz, N" uniqKey="Markowitz N">N Markowitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beigel, J" uniqKey="Beigel J">J Beigel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Donovan, S" uniqKey="Donovan S">S Donovan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bearman, Gm" uniqKey="Bearman G">GM Bearman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hung, If" uniqKey="Hung I">IF Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kk" uniqKey="To K">KK To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ck" uniqKey="Lee C">CK Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hagiwara, K" uniqKey="Hagiwara K">K Hagiwara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawami, S" uniqKey="Kawami S">S Kawami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kato Mori, Y" uniqKey="Kato Mori Y">Y Kato-Mori</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hohenadl, C" uniqKey="Hohenadl C">C Hohenadl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wodal, W" uniqKey="Wodal W">W Wodal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kerschbaum, A" uniqKey="Kerschbaum A">A Kerschbaum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biologics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biologics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Biologics: Targets & Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Biologics : Targets & Therapy</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1177-5475</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1177-5491</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28331286</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5354529</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/BTT.S123831</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">btt-11-023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neutralizing activities against seasonal influenza viruses in human intravenous immunoglobulin</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Onodera</surname><given-names>Hiroyuki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-btt-11-023">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Urayama</surname><given-names>Takeru</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-btt-11-023">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hirota</surname><given-names>Kazue</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-btt-11-023">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maeda</surname><given-names>Kazuhiro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-btt-11-023">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kubota-Koketsu</surname><given-names>Ritsuko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-btt-11-023">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-btt-11-023">4</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2-btt-11-023"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Takahashi</surname><given-names>Kazuo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-btt-11-023">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hagiwara</surname><given-names>Katsuro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6-btt-11-023">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Okuno</surname><given-names>Yoshinobu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-btt-11-023">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ikuta</surname><given-names>Kazuyoshi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-btt-11-023">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-btt-11-023">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yunoki</surname><given-names>Mikihiro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-btt-11-023">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-btt-11-023">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6-btt-11-023">6</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-btt-11-023"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-btt-11-023"><label>1</label>Medical Information Department</aff><aff id="af2-btt-11-023"><label>2</label>Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization, Tokyo</aff><aff id="af3-btt-11-023"><label>3</label>Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kagawa</aff><aff id="af4-btt-11-023"><label>4</label>Former Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University</aff><aff id="af5-btt-11-023"><label>5</label>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka</aff><aff id="af6-btt-11-023"><label>6</label>Pathogenic Risk Evaluation, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-btt-11-023">Mikihiro Yunoki, Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization, 7F World Trade Center Building, 2-4-1, Hamamatsu-cho, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6107, Japan, Email <email>Yunoki-mikihiro@jbpo.or.jp</email></corresp><corresp id="c2-btt-11-023">Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu, Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Email <email>rkoketsu@mail.biken.or.jp</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 Onodera et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of this license are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php">https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php</ext-link> and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Influenza viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B are known seasonal viruses that undergo annual mutation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) contains anti-seasonal influenza virus globulins. Although the virus-neutralizing (VN) titer is an indicator of protective antibodies, changes in this titer over extended time periods have yet to be examined. In this study, variations in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and VN titers against seasonal influenza viruses in IVIG lots over extended time periods were examined. In addition, the importance of monitoring the reactivity of IVIG against seasonal influenza viruses with varying antigenicity was evaluated. A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B influenza virus strains and IVIG lots manufactured from 1999 to 2014 were examined. The HI titer was measured by standard methods. The VN titer was measured using a micro-focus method. IVIG exhibited significant HI and VN titers against all investigated strains. Our results suggest that the donor population maintains both specific and cross-reactive antibodies against seasonal influenza viruses, except in cases of pandemic viruses, despite major antigen changes. The titers against seasonal influenza vaccine strains, including past strains, were stable over short time periods but increased slowly over time.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>IVIG</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>seasonal</kwd><kwd>neutralization</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-btt-11-023" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Changes in antibody titers against A/H1N1 influenza viruses in V-IH lots manufactured from 2009 to 2014.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>) HI titers. Open circle: A/Brisbane/59/2007 (until 2010); open square: A/California/7/2009 (from 2010). Both tests were performed in Facility C. (<bold>B</bold>) VN titers. Open circle: A/Brisbane/59/2007 in Facility A until 2010; open square: A/California/7/2009 in Facility A between 2010 and 2012; open triangle: A/California/7/2009 in Facility B from 2012.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> V-IH, Venoglobulin IH; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; VN, virus neutralizing; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="btt-11-023Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-btt-11-023" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Changes in antibody titers against A/H3N2 influenza viruses in V-IH lots manufactured from 2009 to 2014.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>) HI titers. Open circle: A/Uruguay/716/2007 until 2010; open square: A/Victoria/210/2009 between 2010 and 2012; open triangle: A/Victoria/361/2011 between 2012 and 2013; open diamond: A/Texas/50/2012 between 2013 and 2014; cross: A/New York/39/2012 from 2014. All tests were performed in Facility C. (<bold>B</bold>) Virus-neutralizing (VN) titers. Open circle: A/Uruguay/716/2007 in Facility A until 2010; open square: A/Victoria/210/2009 in Facility A between 2010 and 2012; open triangle: A/Victoria/361/2011 in Facility B between 2012 and 2013; open diamond: A/Texas/50/2012 in Facility B between 2013 and 2014; cross: A/New York/39/2012 in Facility B from 2014.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> V-IH, Venoglobulin IH; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; VN, virus neutralizing; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="btt-11-023Fig2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-btt-11-023" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Changes in antibody titers against B influenza viruses in V-IH lots manufactured from 2009 to 2014.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>) HI titers. Open circle: B/Florida/4/2006 until 2009; open square: B/Brisbane/60/2008 between 2009 and 2012; open triangle: B/Wisconsin/01/2010 between 2012 and 2013; open diamond: B/Massachusetts/2/2012 from 2013. All tests were performed in Facility C. (<bold>B</bold>) VN titers. Open circle: B/Brisbane/60/2008 in Facility A until 2012; open square: B/Brisbane/60/2008 in Facility B in 2012; open triangle: B/Wisconsin/01/2010 in Facility B between 2012 and 2013; open diamond: B/Massachusetts/2/2012 in Facility B from 2013.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> V-IH, Venoglobulin IH; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; VN, virus neutralizing; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="btt-11-023Fig3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-btt-11-023" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Changes in HI and VN titers against H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from 1989 to 2008 in representative V-IH lots manufactured from 1999 to 2008.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Antibody titers against vaccine strains (<bold>A</bold> and <bold>B</bold>). Antibody titers against clinical isolates (<bold>C</bold> and <bold>D</bold>). Closed circle: HI titer; closed square: VN titer.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> HI, hemagglutination inhibition; VN, virus neutralizing; V-IH, Venoglobulin IH.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="btt-11-023Fig4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5-btt-11-023" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Influenza virus types isolated from 2005/2006 to 2014/2015 seasons in Japan.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Thin oblique line pattern: A/H1N1 (H1); thick oblique line pattern: A/H1N1 2009 pandemic (H1pdm); gray: A/H3N2 (H3); horizontal line pattern: B/Yamagata-lineage (B Yam); vertical line pattern: B/Victoria-lineage (B Vic).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="btt-11-023Fig5"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-btt-11-023" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Vaccine strains from 2005/06 to 2014/15 seasons in Japan</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Seasons</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">A H1N1
<hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">A H3N2</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">B (lineage)</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Before 2009 pandemic</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After 2009 pandemic</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005/06</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/New Caledonia/20/1999</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/New York/55/2004</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Shanghai/361/2002 (Yamagata)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006/07</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/New Caledonia/20/1999</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Hiroshima/52/2005</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Malaysia/2506/2004 (Victoria)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007/08</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Solomon Islands/3/2006</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Hiroshima/52/2005</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Malaysia/2506/2004 (Victoria)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2008/09</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Brisbane/59/2007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Uruguay/716/2007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Florida/4/2006 (Yamagata)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009/10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Brisbane/59/2007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Uruguay/716/2007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009/10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010/11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Victoria/210/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2011/12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Victoria/210/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012/13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Victoria/361/2011</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Wisconsin/01/2010 (Yamagata)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2013/14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Texas/50/2012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Massachusetts/02/2012 (Yamagata)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014/15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/New York/39/2012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Massachusetts/02/2012 (Yamagata)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-btt-11-023" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Antibody titers of IVIG products</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Seasons</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Virus strain</th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">HI titers
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">VN titers
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V-IH<break></break>(IgG: 5%)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly-N<break></break>(IgG: 5%)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly-N<break></break>(IgG: 10%)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V-IH<break></break>(IgG: 5%)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly-N<break></break>(IgG: 5%)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly-N<break></break>(IgG: 10%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A H1N1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012/13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">147 ± 100<break></break>(n = 27)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">450 ± 402<break></break>(n = 27)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2013/14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">255 ± 81<break></break>(n = 22)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">224 ± 105<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">432 ± 227<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1135 ± 275<break></break>(n = 22)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">864 ± 454<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3136 ± 2100<break></break>(n = 10)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014/15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/California/7/2009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">320 ± 0<break></break>(n = 19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">267 ± 80<break></break>(n = 9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">512 ± 175<break></break>(n = 5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1482 ± 480<break></break>(n = 19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1138 ± 282<break></break>(n = 9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2048 ± 701<break></break>(n = 5)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A H3N2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012/13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Victoria/361/2011</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178 ± 51<break></break>(n = 27)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1256 ± 123<break></break>(n = 27)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2013/14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Texas/50/2012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178 ± 60<break></break>(n = 22)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">144 ± 34<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">240 ± 84<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1571 ± 549<break></break>(n = 22)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1664 ± 810<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3456 ± 1484<break></break>(n = 10)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014/15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/New York/39/2012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 ± 25<break></break>(n = 19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116 ± 42<break></break>(n = 9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">224 ± 88<break></break>(n = 5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2425 ± 842<break></break>(n = 19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1489 ± 675<break></break>(n = 9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3584 ± 1402<break></break>(n = 5)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012/13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Wisconsin/01/2010</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">314 ± 175<break></break>(n = 27)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1280 ± 0<break></break>(n = 27)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2013/14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Massachusetts/02/2012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">465 ± 163<break></break>(n = 22)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">480 ± 169<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">640 ± 0<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2095 ± 630<break></break>(n = 22)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2048 ± 661<break></break>(n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4352 ± 1237<break></break>(n = 10)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014/15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B/Massachusetts/02/2012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">589 ± 120<break></break>(n = 19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">640 ± 0<break></break>(n = 9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">896 ± 351<break></break>(n = 5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2088 ± 634<break></break>(n = 19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1422 ± 427<break></break>(n = 9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4608 ± 1145<break></break>(n = 5)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-btt-11-023"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Data are expressed as mean ± SD. V-IH and Poly-N are manufactured by different processes. Also, Poly-N comes in two different IgG concentrations: 5% (50 mg/mL) and 10% (100 mg/mL).</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-btt-11-023"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; VN, virus neutralizing; V-IH, Venoglobulin IH; IgG, immunoglobulin G; Poly-N, Nisseki Polyglobin-N; NE, not examined; SD, standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Japon</li></country><region><li>Région de Kantō</li></region><settlement><li>Tokyo</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Hirota, Kazue" sort="Hirota, Kazue" uniqKey="Hirota K" first="Kazue" last="Hirota">Kazue Hirota</name><name sortKey="Ikuta, Kazuyoshi" sort="Ikuta, Kazuyoshi" uniqKey="Ikuta K" first="Kazuyoshi" last="Ikuta">Kazuyoshi Ikuta</name><name sortKey="Kubota Koketsu, Ritsuko" sort="Kubota Koketsu, Ritsuko" uniqKey="Kubota Koketsu R" first="Ritsuko" last="Kubota-Koketsu">Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu</name><name sortKey="Maeda, Kazuhiro" sort="Maeda, Kazuhiro" uniqKey="Maeda K" first="Kazuhiro" last="Maeda">Kazuhiro Maeda</name><name sortKey="Okuno, Yoshinobu" sort="Okuno, Yoshinobu" uniqKey="Okuno Y" first="Yoshinobu" last="Okuno">Yoshinobu Okuno</name><name sortKey="Onodera, Hiroyuki" sort="Onodera, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Onodera H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Onodera">Hiroyuki Onodera</name><name sortKey="Takahashi, Kazuo" sort="Takahashi, Kazuo" uniqKey="Takahashi K" first="Kazuo" last="Takahashi">Kazuo Takahashi</name></noCountry><country name="Japon"><region name="Région de Kantō"><name sortKey="Urayama, Takeru" sort="Urayama, Takeru" uniqKey="Urayama T" first="Takeru" last="Urayama">Takeru Urayama</name></region><name sortKey="Hagiwara, Katsuro" sort="Hagiwara, Katsuro" uniqKey="Hagiwara K" first="Katsuro" last="Hagiwara">Katsuro Hagiwara</name><name sortKey="Yunoki, Mikihiro" sort="Yunoki, Mikihiro" uniqKey="Yunoki M" first="Mikihiro" last="Yunoki">Mikihiro Yunoki</name><name sortKey="Yunoki, Mikihiro" sort="Yunoki, Mikihiro" uniqKey="Yunoki M" first="Mikihiro" last="Yunoki">Mikihiro Yunoki</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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