Multinational Impact of the 1968 Hong Kong Influenza Pandemic: Evidence for a Smoldering Pandemic
Identifieur interne : 001594 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 001593; suivant : 001595Multinational Impact of the 1968 Hong Kong Influenza Pandemic: Evidence for a Smoldering Pandemic
Auteurs : Cécile Viboud ; Rebecca F. Grais ; Bernard A. P. Lafont [États-Unis] ; Mark A. Miller ; Lone Simonsen [États-Unis]Source :
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases [ 0022-1899 ] ; 2005.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- mortalité : Grippe humaine.
- épidémiologie : Amérique du Nord, Grippe humaine, Hong Kong, États-Unis d'Amérique.
- Flambées de maladies, Géographie, Humains, Phylogénie, Saisons, Virus de la grippe A.
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- geographic : Hong Kong, États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Hong Kong, North America, United States.
- classification : Influenza A virus.
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human.
- mortality : Influenza, Human.
- Disease Outbreaks, Geography, Humans, Phylogeny, Seasons.
Abstract
BackgroundThe first pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1968/1969) resulted in significant mortality in the United States, but it was the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1969/1970) that caused the majority of deaths in England. We further explored the global pattern of mortality caused by the pandemic during this period MethodsWe estimated the influenza-related excess mortality in 6 countries (United States, Canada, England and Wales, France, Japan, and Australia) using national vital statistics by age for 1967–1978. Geographical and temporal pandemic patterns in mortality were compared with the genetic drift of the influenza viruses by analyzing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences from GenBank ResultsIn North America, the majority of influenza-related deaths in 1968/1969 and 1969/1970 occurred during the first pandemic season (United States, 70%; Canada, 54%). Conversely, in Europe and Asia, the pattern was reversed: 70% of deaths occurred during the second pandemic season. The second pandemic season coincided with a drift in the neuraminidase antigen ConclusionWe found a consistent pattern of mortality being delayed until the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 circulation in Europe and Asia. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by higher preexisting neuraminidase immunity (from the A/H2N2 era) in Europe and Asia than in North America, combined with a subsequent drift in the neuraminidase antigen during 1969/1970
Url:
DOI: 10.1086/431150
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Cécile Viboud<affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Fogarty International Center and</wicri:noCountry>
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<affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Fogarty International Center and</wicri:noCountry>
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<front><div type="abstract">BackgroundThe first pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1968/1969) resulted in significant mortality in the United States, but it was the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1969/1970) that caused the majority of deaths in England. We further explored the global pattern of mortality caused by the pandemic during this period MethodsWe estimated the influenza-related excess mortality in 6 countries (United States, Canada, England and Wales, France, Japan, and Australia) using national vital statistics by age for 1967–1978. Geographical and temporal pandemic patterns in mortality were compared with the genetic drift of the influenza viruses by analyzing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences from GenBank ResultsIn North America, the majority of influenza-related deaths in 1968/1969 and 1969/1970 occurred during the first pandemic season (United States, 70%; Canada, 54%). Conversely, in Europe and Asia, the pattern was reversed: 70% of deaths occurred during the second pandemic season. The second pandemic season coincided with a drift in the neuraminidase antigen ConclusionWe found a consistent pattern of mortality being delayed until the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 circulation in Europe and Asia. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by higher preexisting neuraminidase immunity (from the A/H2N2 era) in Europe and Asia than in North America, combined with a subsequent drift in the neuraminidase antigen during 1969/1970</div>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background. The first pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1968/1969) resulted in significant mortality in the United States, but it was the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1969/1970) that caused the majority of deaths in England. We further explored the global pattern of mortality caused by the pandemic during this period. Methods. We estimated the influenza-related excess mortality in 6 countries (United States, Canada, England and Wales, France, Japan, and Australia) using national vital statistics by age for 1967-1978. Geographical and temporal pandemic patterns in mortality were compared with the genetic drift of the influenza viruses by analyzing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences from GenBank. Results. In North America, the majority of influenza-related deaths in 1968/1969 and 1969/1970 occurred during the first pandemic season (United States, 70%; Canada, 54%). Conversely, in Europe and Asia, the pattern was reversed: 70% of deaths occurred during the second pandemic season. The second pandemic season coincided with a drift in the neuraminidase antigen. Conclusion. We found a consistent pattern of mortality being delayed until the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 circulation in Europe and Asia. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by higher preexisting neuraminidase immunity (from the A/H2N2 era) in Europe and Asia than in North America, combined with a subsequent drift in the neuraminidase antigen during 1969/1970.</div>
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<author><name sortKey="Grais, Rebecca F" sort="Grais, Rebecca F" uniqKey="Grais R" first="Rebecca F." last="Grais">Rebecca F. Grais</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Miller, Mark A" sort="Miller, Mark A" uniqKey="Miller M" first="Mark A." last="Miller">Mark A. Miller</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Multinational Impact of the 1968 Hong Kong Influenza Pandemic: Evidence for a Smoldering Pandemic<ref type="fn" target="#fn1"></ref>
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<author><name sortKey="Viboud, Cecile" sort="Viboud, Cecile" uniqKey="Viboud C" first="Cécile" last="Viboud">Cécile Viboud</name>
<affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Fogarty International Center and</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Grais, Rebecca F" sort="Grais, Rebecca F" uniqKey="Grais R" first="Rebecca F." last="Grais">Rebecca F. Grais</name>
<affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Fogarty International Center and</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Lafont, Bernard A P" sort="Lafont, Bernard A P" uniqKey="Lafont B" first="Bernard A. P." last="Lafont">Bernard A. P. Lafont</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Miller, Mark A" sort="Miller, Mark A" uniqKey="Miller M" first="Mark A." last="Miller">Mark A. Miller</name>
<affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Fogarty International Center and</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Lone" sort="Simonsen, Lone" uniqKey="Simonsen L" first="Lone" last="Simonsen">Lone Simonsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda</wicri:cityArea>
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<series><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno>
<imprint><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Geography</term>
<term>Hong Kong (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Influenza A virus (classification)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (mortality)</term>
<term>North America (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Seasons</term>
<term>United States (epidemiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amérique du Nord (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Flambées de maladies</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (mortalité)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Géographie</term>
<term>Hong Kong (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Saisons</term>
<term>Virus de la grippe A ()</term>
<term>États-Unis d'Amérique (épidémiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Hong Kong</term>
<term>North America</term>
<term>United States</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amérique du Nord</term>
<term>Grippe humaine</term>
<term>Hong Kong</term>
<term>États-Unis d'Amérique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Geography</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Seasons</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Flambées de maladies</term>
<term>Géographie</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Saisons</term>
<term>Virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hong Kong</term>
<term>États-Unis</term>
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<front><div type="abstract">BackgroundThe first pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1968/1969) resulted in significant mortality in the United States, but it was the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1969/1970) that caused the majority of deaths in England. We further explored the global pattern of mortality caused by the pandemic during this period MethodsWe estimated the influenza-related excess mortality in 6 countries (United States, Canada, England and Wales, France, Japan, and Australia) using national vital statistics by age for 1967–1978. Geographical and temporal pandemic patterns in mortality were compared with the genetic drift of the influenza viruses by analyzing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences from GenBank ResultsIn North America, the majority of influenza-related deaths in 1968/1969 and 1969/1970 occurred during the first pandemic season (United States, 70%; Canada, 54%). Conversely, in Europe and Asia, the pattern was reversed: 70% of deaths occurred during the second pandemic season. The second pandemic season coincided with a drift in the neuraminidase antigen ConclusionWe found a consistent pattern of mortality being delayed until the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 circulation in Europe and Asia. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by higher preexisting neuraminidase immunity (from the A/H2N2 era) in Europe and Asia than in North America, combined with a subsequent drift in the neuraminidase antigen during 1969/1970</div>
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