Plagues—What's Past Is Present: Thoughts on the Origin and History of New Infectious Diseases
Identifieur interne : 001698 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001697; suivant : 001699Plagues—What's Past Is Present: Thoughts on the Origin and History of New Infectious Diseases
Auteurs : Neil M. AmpelSource :
- Reviews of Infectious Diseases [ 1058-4838 ] ; 1991.
Abstract
Medical science has made tremendous strides in overcoming infectious diseases in the 20th century. Despite this, several epidemics of previously unrecognized diseases have occurred during the last 15 years. These diseases include Lyme disease, Legionnaires' disease, toxic shock syndrome, and AIDS. Examination of past epidemics, including the plague of Athens, the black death, syphilis, and influenza, suggests that the sudden occurrence of diseases that were previously unrecognized is not unusual. Analysis of the new infectious diseases indicates that while all four appeared suddenly, isolated cases of the disease occurred before the actual epidemic. Further, all four new diseases were found to be due to agents or toxins that were not previously recognized. Epidemics due to new infectious diseases may arise by several mechanisms, including mutation of the pathogen to a virulent form and introduction of an infectious agent into a nonimmune population. Environmental and behavioral factors may play an important role, as illustrated by toxic shock syndrome, Legionnaires' disease, and AIDS. On the other hand, epidemic diseases tend to abate over time because of changes in the infecting pathogen and in the host. Hence, epidemics can be seen as cycles; new diseases will arise periodically, occasionally with a devastating outcome. With time the effects of these diseases on the population will ameliorate. The cycle will begin again when a new disease emerges.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.4.658
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ISTEX:AD4173188B1A1EB4975E3478B023AB834ECC700CLe document en format XML
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<p>Medical science has made tremendous strides in overcoming infectious diseases in the 20th century. Despite this, several epidemics of previously unrecognized diseases have occurred during the last 15 years. These diseases include Lyme disease, Legionnaires' disease, toxic shock syndrome, and AIDS. Examination of past epidemics, including the plague of Athens, the black death, syphilis, and influenza, suggests that the sudden occurrence of diseases that were previously unrecognized is not unusual. Analysis of the new infectious diseases indicates that while all four appeared suddenly, isolated cases of the disease occurred before the actual epidemic. Further, all four new diseases were found to be due to agents or toxins that were not previously recognized. Epidemics due to new infectious diseases may arise by several mechanisms, including mutation of the pathogen to a virulent form and introduction of an infectious agent into a nonimmune population. Environmental and behavioral factors may play an important role, as illustrated by toxic shock syndrome, Legionnaires' disease, and AIDS. On the other hand, epidemic diseases tend to abate over time because of changes in the infecting pathogen and in the host. Hence, epidemics can be seen as cycles; new diseases will arise periodically, occasionally with a devastating outcome. With time the effects of these diseases on the population will ameliorate. The cycle will begin again when a new disease emerges.</p>
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</article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Plagues—What's Past Is Present: Thoughts on the Origin and History of New Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Plagues—What's Past Is Present: Thoughts on the Origin and History of New Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neil M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ampel</namePart><affiliation>Medical Service, Tucson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona</affiliation></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="review-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1991-07</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1991</copyrightDate></originInfo><abstract>Medical science has made tremendous strides in overcoming infectious diseases in the 20th century. Despite this, several epidemics of previously unrecognized diseases have occurred during the last 15 years. These diseases include Lyme disease, Legionnaires' disease, toxic shock syndrome, and AIDS. Examination of past epidemics, including the plague of Athens, the black death, syphilis, and influenza, suggests that the sudden occurrence of diseases that were previously unrecognized is not unusual. Analysis of the new infectious diseases indicates that while all four appeared suddenly, isolated cases of the disease occurred before the actual epidemic. Further, all four new diseases were found to be due to agents or toxins that were not previously recognized. Epidemics due to new infectious diseases may arise by several mechanisms, including mutation of the pathogen to a virulent form and introduction of an infectious agent into a nonimmune population. Environmental and behavioral factors may play an important role, as illustrated by toxic shock syndrome, Legionnaires' disease, and AIDS. On the other hand, epidemic diseases tend to abate over time because of changes in the infecting pathogen and in the host. Hence, epidemics can be seen as cycles; new diseases will arise periodically, occasionally with a devastating outcome. With time the effects of these diseases on the population will ameliorate. The cycle will begin again when a new disease emerges.</abstract><note type="author-notes">Reprints and correspondence: Dr. Neil M. Ampel, Medical Service (111), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona 85723.</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Reviews of Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Reviews of Infectious Diseases</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1058-4838</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1537-6591</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">cid</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">cid</identifier><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>658</start><end>665</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">AD4173188B1A1EB4975E3478B023AB834ECC700C</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/HXZ-R6G87D6V-Q</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1093/clinids/13.4.658</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 1991 by The University of Chicago</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-GTWS0RDP-M">oup</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Converted from (version 1.2.0) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2019-12-09</recordCreationDate></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-R6G87D6V-Q/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><covers><json:item><extension>tiff</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/tiff</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/AD4173188B1A1EB4975E3478B023AB834ECC700C/covers/tiff</uri></json:item></covers><annexes><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-R6G87D6V-Q/annexes.pdf</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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