Prospective randomized clinical trial of hydrophilic tapered implant placement at maxillary posterior area: 6 weeks and 12 weeks loading
Identifieur interne : 002F18 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002F17; suivant : 002F19Prospective randomized clinical trial of hydrophilic tapered implant placement at maxillary posterior area: 6 weeks and 12 weeks loading
Auteurs : Seong-Beom Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Pil-Young Yun [Corée du Sud] ; Sang-Yun Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Yang-Jin Yi [Corée du Sud] ; Ji-Yun Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Young-Kyun Kim [Corée du Sud]Source :
- The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics [ 2005-7806 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Early loading of implant can be determined by excellent primary stability and characteristic of implant surface. The implant system with recently improved surface can have load application 4-6 weeks after installing in maxilla and mandible. This study evaluated the effect of healing period to the stability of hydrophilic tapered-type implant at maxillary posterior area.
This study included 30 patients treated by hydrophilic tapered-type implants (total 41 implants at maxilla) and classified by two groups depending on healing period. Group 1 (11 patients, 15 implants) was a control group and the healing period was 12 weeks, and Group 2 (19 patients, 26 implants) was test group and the healing period was 6 weeks. Immediately after implant placement, at the first impression taking, implant stability was measured using Osstell Mentor. The patients also took periapical radiographs after restoration delivery, 12 months after restoration and final followup period. The marginal bone loss around the implants was measured using the periapical radiographs.
All implants were survived and success rate was 97.56%. The marginal bone loss was less than 1mm after 1 year postoperatively except the one implant. The stabilities of the implants were not correlated with age, healing period until loading, insertion torque (IT), the diameter of fixture and the location of implant. Only the quality of bone in group 2 (6 week) was correlated with the stability of implant.
Healing period of 6 weeks can make the similar clinical prognosis of implants to that of healing period of 12 weeks if bone quality is carefully considered in case of early loading.
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DOI: 10.4047/jap.2016.8.5.396
PubMed: 27826390
PubMed Central: 5099132
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Prospective randomized clinical trial of hydrophilic tapered implant placement at maxillary posterior area: 6 weeks and 12 weeks loading</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Seong Beom" sort="Kim, Seong Beom" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Seong-Beom" last="Kim">Seong-Beom Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yun, Pil Young" sort="Yun, Pil Young" uniqKey="Yun P" first="Pil-Young" last="Yun">Pil-Young Yun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Sang Yun" sort="Kim, Sang Yun" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Sang-Yun" last="Kim">Sang-Yun Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yi, Yang Jin" sort="Yi, Yang Jin" uniqKey="Yi Y" first="Yang-Jin" last="Yi">Yang-Jin Yi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ji Yun" sort="Kim, Ji Yun" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Ji-Yun" last="Kim">Ji-Yun Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Science Education, College of Education, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Science Education, College of Education, Dankook University, Yongin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Kyun" sort="Kim, Young Kyun" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Kyun" last="Kim">Young-Kyun Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27826390</idno><idno type="pmc">5099132</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5099132</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5099132</idno><idno type="doi">10.4047/jap.2016.8.5.396</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002F18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002F18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002F18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002F18</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Prospective randomized clinical trial of hydrophilic tapered implant placement at maxillary posterior area: 6 weeks and 12 weeks loading</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Seong Beom" sort="Kim, Seong Beom" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Seong-Beom" last="Kim">Seong-Beom Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yun, Pil Young" sort="Yun, Pil Young" uniqKey="Yun P" first="Pil-Young" last="Yun">Pil-Young Yun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Sang Yun" sort="Kim, Sang Yun" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Sang-Yun" last="Kim">Sang-Yun Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yi, Yang Jin" sort="Yi, Yang Jin" uniqKey="Yi Y" first="Yang-Jin" last="Yi">Yang-Jin Yi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ji Yun" sort="Kim, Ji Yun" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Ji-Yun" last="Kim">Ji-Yun Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Science Education, College of Education, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Science Education, College of Education, Dankook University, Yongin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Kyun" sort="Kim, Young Kyun" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Kyun" last="Kim">Young-Kyun Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</title><idno type="ISSN">2005-7806</idno><idno type="eISSN">2005-7814</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>Early loading of implant can be determined by excellent primary stability and characteristic of implant surface. The implant system with recently improved surface can have load application 4-6 weeks after installing in maxilla and mandible. This study evaluated the effect of healing period to the stability of hydrophilic tapered-type implant at maxillary posterior area.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>This study included 30 patients treated by hydrophilic tapered-type implants (total 41 implants at maxilla) and classified by two groups depending on healing period. Group 1 (11 patients, 15 implants) was a control group and the healing period was 12 weeks, and Group 2 (19 patients, 26 implants) was test group and the healing period was 6 weeks. Immediately after implant placement, at the first impression taking, implant stability was measured using Osstell Mentor. The patients also took periapical radiographs after restoration delivery, 12 months after restoration and final followup period. The marginal bone loss around the implants was measured using the periapical radiographs.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>All implants were survived and success rate was 97.56%. The marginal bone loss was less than 1mm after 1 year postoperatively except the one implant. The stabilities of the implants were not correlated with age, healing period until loading, insertion torque (IT), the diameter of fixture and the location of implant. Only the quality of bone in group 2 (6 week) was correlated with the stability of implant.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>Healing period of 6 weeks can make the similar clinical prognosis of implants to that of healing period of 12 weeks if bone quality is carefully considered in case of early loading.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Albrektsson, T" uniqKey="Albrektsson T">T Albrektsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Br Nemark, Pi" uniqKey="Br Nemark P">PI Brånemark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hansson, Ha" uniqKey="Hansson H">HA Hansson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, J" uniqKey="Lindstrom J">J Lindström</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Babbush, Ca" uniqKey="Babbush C">CA Babbush</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Br Nemark, Pi" uniqKey="Br Nemark P">PI 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2005-7806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2005-7814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27826390</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5099132</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4047/jap.2016.8.5.396</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prospective randomized clinical trial of hydrophilic tapered implant placement at maxillary posterior area: 6 weeks and 12 weeks loading</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-467X</contrib-id><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Seong-Beom</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-1229</contrib-id><name><surname>Yun</surname><given-names>Pil-Young</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5404</contrib-id><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Sang-Yun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-4759</contrib-id><name><surname>Yi</surname><given-names>Yang-Jin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6976-0743</contrib-id><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Ji-Yun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-3870</contrib-id><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Young-Kyun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department of Science Education, College of Education, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Young-Kyun Kim. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82317872780: <email>kyk0505@snubh.org</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>396</fpage><lpage>403</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>03</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>08</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>Early loading of implant can be determined by excellent primary stability and characteristic of implant surface. The implant system with recently improved surface can have load application 4-6 weeks after installing in maxilla and mandible. This study evaluated the effect of healing period to the stability of hydrophilic tapered-type implant at maxillary posterior area.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>This study included 30 patients treated by hydrophilic tapered-type implants (total 41 implants at maxilla) and classified by two groups depending on healing period. Group 1 (11 patients, 15 implants) was a control group and the healing period was 12 weeks, and Group 2 (19 patients, 26 implants) was test group and the healing period was 6 weeks. Immediately after implant placement, at the first impression taking, implant stability was measured using Osstell Mentor. The patients also took periapical radiographs after restoration delivery, 12 months after restoration and final followup period. The marginal bone loss around the implants was measured using the periapical radiographs.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>All implants were survived and success rate was 97.56%. The marginal bone loss was less than 1mm after 1 year postoperatively except the one implant. The stabilities of the implants were not correlated with age, healing period until loading, insertion torque (IT), the diameter of fixture and the location of implant. Only the quality of bone in group 2 (6 week) was correlated with the stability of implant.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>Healing period of 6 weeks can make the similar clinical prognosis of implants to that of healing period of 12 weeks if bone quality is carefully considered in case of early loading.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Hydrophilicity</kwd><kwd>Dental implant</kwd><kwd>Survival rate</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="KR"><institution-wrap><institution>Osstem Implant</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>06-2012-211</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><title>Osstell SmartPeg was connected with 5 Ncm using hand torque wrench.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><title>Film positioner with putty jig.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><title>CONSORT study flow chart.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-g003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>The distribution of the patients</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-i001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><col width="22%" span="1"></col><col width="22%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group 1 (11 patients, 15 implants)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group 2 (19 patients, 26 implants)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chi-square</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Sex</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.344</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.558</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Implant diameter</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5 mm</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">1.610</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.205</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0 mm</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Implant location</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolar</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.029</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.865</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">molar</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Insertion torque and ISQ</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-i002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group 1 (n = 15)</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group 2 (n = 26)</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">t</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.64 ± 8.80</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.00 ± 9.31</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.151</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.700</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Torque</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.84 ± 15.62</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.74 ± 14.70</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.431</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.669</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.80 ± 5.95</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.30 ± 5.73</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.326</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.193</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.43 ± 4.99</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.38 ± 4.73</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.247</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.220</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.75 ± 3.61<break></break>(1 case missing)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.57 ± 4.84<break></break>(3 cases missing)</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.211</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.234</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3 – ISQ 1</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.04 ± 4.25<break></break>(1 case missing)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.03 ± 5.71<break></break>(3 cases missing)</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.999</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>ISQ: implant stability quotient</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>ISQ of group 1 and group 2</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-i003"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D2 (n = 5)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D3&D4 (n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.40 ± 5.65</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.50 ± 5.93</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.245</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.60 ± 5.21</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.85 ± 5.05</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.542</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.10 ± 4.47</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.56 ± 3.32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.799</td></tr><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 2</th><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D2 (n = 8)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D3&D4 (n = 18)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.06 ± 2.09</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.63 ± 6.07</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.01<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.41 ± 4.88</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.93 ± 4.74</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.436</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.93 ± 4.28</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.41 ± 5.19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.92</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup> Mann-whitney analysis</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><title>ISQ of group 1 and group 2 according to the difference between final drilling size and implant diameter</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-i004"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="17%" span="1"></col><col width="17%" span="1"></col><col width="17%" span="1"></col><col width="17%" span="1"></col><col width="17%" span="1"></col><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 1</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diff ≤ 0.5 mm (n = 3)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 mm < Diff ≤ 1.0 mm (n = 6)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diff > 1.0 mm (n = 6)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.33 ± 3.06</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.33 ± 5.50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.00 ± 5.74</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.057</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.50 ± 1.50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.42 ± 5.20</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.42 ± 5.20</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.161</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.67 ± 2.76</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.75 ± 3.79</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.00 ± 3.22</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.136</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 2</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diff ≤ 0.5 mm (n = 3)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 mm < Diff ≤ 1.0 mm (n = 6)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diff > 1.0 mm (n = 6)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.50 ± 1.32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.21 ± 5.90</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.70 ± 5.97</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.176</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.33 ± 3.51</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.50 ± 4.78</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.40 ± 5.03</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.424</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.00 ± 3.61</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.88 ± 5.44</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.00 ± 2.12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.645</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><title>ISQ of group 1 and 2 according to implant diameter</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-i005"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5 mm (n = 5)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0 mm (n = 9)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.50 ± 5.17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.95 ± 5.63</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.057</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.50 ± 3.32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.90 ± 5.10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.057</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.70 ± 2.84</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.67 ± 3.66</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.141</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5 mm (n = 14)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0 mm (n = 12)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.96 ± 4.24</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.35 ± 6.76</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.129</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.04 ± 4.09</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.52 ± 5.50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.503</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.73 ± 4.06</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.39 ± 5.77</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.782</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><title>ISQ of group 1 and 2 according to tooth location</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-396-i006"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolar (n = 5)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Molar (n = 10)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.80 ± 5.13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.80 ± 6.33</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.357</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.80 ± 3.01</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.25 ± 5.48</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.158</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.20 ± 2.54</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.94 ± 3.99</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.316</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Group 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RFA value</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolar (n = 8)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Molar (n = 18)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.44 ± 4.89</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.79 ± 6.13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.559</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.19 ± 5.03</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.03 ± 4.70</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.54</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQ 3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.36 ± 4.69</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" 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