Tricho-Dento-Osseous Syndrome: Diagnosis and Dental Management
Identifieur interne : 002D50 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002D49; suivant : 002D51Tricho-Dento-Osseous Syndrome: Diagnosis and Dental Management
Auteurs : Ola B. Al-Batayneh [Jordanie]Source :
- International Journal of Dentistry [ 1687-8728 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder principally characterised by curly hair at infancy, severe enamel hypomineralization and hypoplasia and taurodontism of teeth, sclerotic bone, and other defects. Diagnostic criteria are based on the generalized enamel defects, severe taurodontism especially of the mandibular first permanent molars, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, and at least one of the other features (i.e., nail defects, bone sclerosis, and curly, kinky or wavy hair present at a young age that may straighten out later). Confusion with amelogenesis imperfecta is common; however, taurodontism is not a constant feature of any of the types of amelogenesis imperfecta. Management of TDO requires a team approach, proper documentation, and a long-term treatment and follow-up plan. The aim of treatment is to prevent problems such as sensitivity, caries, dental abscesses, and loss of occlusal vertical dimension through attrition of hypoplastic tooth structure. Another aim is to restore function of the dentition and enhance the esthetics and self-esteem of the patient. This paper proposes treatment approaches that include preventive, restorative, endodontic, prosthetic, and surgical options to management. In addition, it sheds light on the difficulties faced during dental treatment of such cases.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2012/514692
PubMed: 22969805
PubMed Central: 3434396
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder principally characterised by curly hair at infancy, severe enamel hypomineralization and hypoplasia and taurodontism of teeth, sclerotic bone, and other defects. Diagnostic criteria are based on the generalized enamel defects, severe taurodontism especially of the mandibular first permanent molars, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, and at least one of the other features (i.e., nail defects, bone sclerosis, and curly, kinky or wavy hair present at a young age that may straighten out later). Confusion with amelogenesis imperfecta is common; however, taurodontism is not a constant feature of any of the types of amelogenesis imperfecta. Management of TDO requires a team approach, proper documentation, and a long-term treatment and follow-up plan. The aim of treatment is to prevent problems such as sensitivity, caries, dental abscesses, and loss of occlusal vertical dimension through attrition of hypoplastic tooth structure. Another aim is to restore function of the dentition and enhance the esthetics and self-esteem of the patient. This paper proposes treatment approaches that include preventive, restorative, endodontic, prosthetic, and surgical options to management. In addition, it sheds light on the difficulties faced during dental treatment of such cases.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22969805</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3434396</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/514692</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Tricho-Dento-Osseous Syndrome: Diagnosis and Dental Management</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Batayneh</surname>
<given-names>Ola B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"> Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Ola B. Al-Batayneh: <email>olabt@just.edu.jo</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Figen Seymen</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2012</volume>
<elocation-id>514692</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>7</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>25</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Ola B. Al-Batayneh.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder principally characterised by curly hair at infancy, severe enamel hypomineralization and hypoplasia and taurodontism of teeth, sclerotic bone, and other defects. Diagnostic criteria are based on the generalized enamel defects, severe taurodontism especially of the mandibular first permanent molars, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, and at least one of the other features (i.e., nail defects, bone sclerosis, and curly, kinky or wavy hair present at a young age that may straighten out later). Confusion with amelogenesis imperfecta is common; however, taurodontism is not a constant feature of any of the types of amelogenesis imperfecta. Management of TDO requires a team approach, proper documentation, and a long-term treatment and follow-up plan. The aim of treatment is to prevent problems such as sensitivity, caries, dental abscesses, and loss of occlusal vertical dimension through attrition of hypoplastic tooth structure. Another aim is to restore function of the dentition and enhance the esthetics and self-esteem of the patient. This paper proposes treatment approaches that include preventive, restorative, endodontic, prosthetic, and surgical options to management. In addition, it sheds light on the difficulties faced during dental treatment of such cases.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Characteristic defects in TDO.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Defect</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reported expression of defect/features</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">(1) Hair defects</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kinky or tightly curled hair at birth</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
–<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
–<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wavy hair</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
, <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
] </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curly hair at birth that straightened out a few years later</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="9" colspan="1">(2) Dental defects</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yellow-brown discolored teeth </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
–<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
, <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
–<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
] </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thin enamel associated with hypocalcification or hypomaturation defects and enamel hypoplasia </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
–<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
, <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
–<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
] </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Severe attrition of enamel </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
, <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
, <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
, <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
, <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
, <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
] </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dental abscesses </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
–<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
] </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taurodontism in both the primary and permanent dentitions</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taurodontism in the first permanent molar (key tooth)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Histologic sections show:</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(i) hypocalcified enamel that is decreased in thickness with enlarged pulp chambers </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
, <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
, <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(ii) small amounts of interglobular dentin have been noted in a few teeth</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Bone changes</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sclerosis may be a variable feature.<break></break>
It is commonly reported in the following areas: base of the skull, mastoids and zones of provisional calcification in the long bones </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
–<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
, <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">(4) Nail defects</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Splitting of the superficial layers of the nails</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
–<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
, <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
, <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sometimes, only some toenails may be affected</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="5" colspan="1">(5) Craniofacial defects</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frontal bossing </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
, <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Square jaw</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandibular prognathism</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maxillary retrusion</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dolichocephaly</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
, <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">(6) Other reported abnormalities</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Impacted teeth</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
, <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clinodactyly</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Skin lesions</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Crown body: root ratio classification according to Seow and Lai [<xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>
] to differentiate different degrees of taurodontism.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Degree of taurodontism </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown body : root ratio (cb : r ratio)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Cynodont (normal) </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><1.10</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Hypotaurodontic</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10–1.29</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Mesotaurodontic</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30–2.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(4) Hypertaurodontic</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>2.00</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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