Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks Using a New Matching Formula
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Auteurs : Marianella Sierraalta [États-Unis] ; Jose L. Vivas [États-Unis] ; Michael E. Razzoog [États-Unis] ; Rui-Feng Wang [États-Unis]Source :
- International Journal of Dentistry [ 1687-8728 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
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DOI: 10.1155/2012/374315
PubMed: 22550486
PubMed Central: 3328952
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks Using a New Matching Formula</title><author><name sortKey="Sierraalta, Marianella" sort="Sierraalta, Marianella" uniqKey="Sierraalta M" first="Marianella" last="Sierraalta">Marianella Sierraalta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vivas, Jose L" sort="Vivas, Jose L" uniqKey="Vivas J" first="Jose L." last="Vivas">Jose L. Vivas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Razzoog, Michael E" sort="Razzoog, Michael E" uniqKey="Razzoog M" first="Michael E." last="Razzoog">Michael E. Razzoog</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Rui Feng" sort="Wang, Rui Feng" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rui-Feng" last="Wang">Rui-Feng Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22550486</idno><idno type="pmc">3328952</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3328952</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3328952</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2012/374315</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D41</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D41</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002D41</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002D41</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks Using a New Matching Formula</title><author><name sortKey="Sierraalta, Marianella" sort="Sierraalta, Marianella" uniqKey="Sierraalta M" first="Marianella" last="Sierraalta">Marianella Sierraalta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vivas, Jose L" sort="Vivas, Jose L" uniqKey="Vivas J" first="Jose L." last="Vivas">Jose L. Vivas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Razzoog, Michael E" sort="Razzoog, Michael E" uniqKey="Razzoog M" first="Michael E." last="Razzoog">Michael E. Razzoog</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Rui Feng" sort="Wang, Rui Feng" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rui-Feng" last="Wang">Rui-Feng Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">1687-8728</idno><idno type="eISSN">1687-8736</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Statement of the Problem</italic>. Fit of prosthodontic frameworks is linked to the lifetime survival of dental implants and maintenance of surrounding bone. <italic>Purpose</italic>. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the precision of fit of milled one-piece Titanium fixed complete denture frameworks to that of conventional cast frameworks. <italic>Material and Methods</italic>. Fifteen casts fabricated from a single edentulous CAD/CAM surgical guide were separated in two groups and resin patterns simulating the framework for a fixed complete denture developed. Five casts were sent to dental laboratories to invest, cast in a Palladium-Gold alloy and fit the framework. Ten casts had the resin pattern scanned for fabrication of milled bars in Titanium. Using measuring software, positions of implant replicas in the definitive model were recorded. The three dimensional spatial orientation of each implant replica was matched to the implant replica.
<italic>Results</italic>. Results demonstrated the mean vertical gap of the Cast framework was 0.021 (+0.004) mm and 0.012 (0.002) mm determined by fixed and unfixed best-fit matching coordinate system. For Titanium frameworks they were 0.0037 (+0.0028) mm and 0.0024 (+0.0005) mm, respectively. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. Milled one-piece Titanium fixed complete denture frameworks provided a more accurate precision of fit then traditional cast frameworks.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adell, R" uniqKey="Adell R">R Adell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lekholm, U" uniqKey="Lekholm U">U Lekholm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rockler, B" uniqKey="Rockler B">B Rockler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Branemark, Pi" uniqKey="Branemark P">PI Branemark</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quirynen, M" uniqKey="Quirynen M">M Quirynen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naert, I" uniqKey="Naert I">I Naert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Steenberghe, D" uniqKey="Van Steenberghe D">D van Steenberghe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nys, L" uniqKey="Nys L">L Nys</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galindo, Df" 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uniqKey="Taylor T">TD Taylor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Evans, Db" uniqKey="Evans D">DB Evans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jemt, T" uniqKey="Jemt T">T Jemt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sahin, S" uniqKey="Sahin S">S Sahin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cehreli, Mc" uniqKey="Cehreli M">MC Çehreli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rubenstein, Je" uniqKey="Rubenstein J">JE Rubenstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Fadda, Sa" uniqKey="Al Fadda S">SA Al-Fadda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zarb, Ga" uniqKey="Zarb G">GA Zarb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finer, Y" uniqKey="Finer Y">Y Finer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jemt, T" uniqKey="Jemt T">T Jemt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubenstein, Je" uniqKey="Rubenstein J">JE Rubenstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carlsson, L" uniqKey="Carlsson L">L Carlsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Br" uniqKey="Lang B">BR Lang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eliasson, A" uniqKey="Eliasson A">A Eliasson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wennerberg, A" uniqKey="Wennerberg A">A Wennerberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, A" uniqKey="Johansson A">A Johansson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ortorp, A" uniqKey="Ortorp A">A Örtorp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jemt, T" uniqKey="Jemt T">T Jemt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hjalmarsson, L" uniqKey="Hjalmarsson L">L Hjalmarsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ortorp, A" uniqKey="Ortorp A">A Örtorp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smedberg, Ji" uniqKey="Smedberg J">JI Smedberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jemt, T" uniqKey="Jemt T">T Jemt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Steenberghe, D" uniqKey="Van Steenberghe D">D Van Steenberghe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glauser, R" uniqKey="Glauser R">R Glauser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blomb Ck, U" uniqKey="Blomb Ck U">U Blombäck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22550486</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3328952</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/374315</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks Using a New Matching Formula</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sierraalta</surname><given-names>Marianella</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vivas</surname><given-names>Jose L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Razzoog</surname><given-names>Michael E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Rui-Feng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Biologic and Material Science, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Marianella Sierraalta: <email>msierraa@umich.edu</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Stephen Richmond</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>4</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>2012</volume><elocation-id>374315</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>6</day><month>1</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>1</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Marianella Sierraalta et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Statement of the Problem</italic>. Fit of prosthodontic frameworks is linked to the lifetime survival of dental implants and maintenance of surrounding bone. <italic>Purpose</italic>. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the precision of fit of milled one-piece Titanium fixed complete denture frameworks to that of conventional cast frameworks. <italic>Material and Methods</italic>. Fifteen casts fabricated from a single edentulous CAD/CAM surgical guide were separated in two groups and resin patterns simulating the framework for a fixed complete denture developed. Five casts were sent to dental laboratories to invest, cast in a Palladium-Gold alloy and fit the framework. Ten casts had the resin pattern scanned for fabrication of milled bars in Titanium. Using measuring software, positions of implant replicas in the definitive model were recorded. The three dimensional spatial orientation of each implant replica was matched to the implant replica.
<italic>Results</italic>. Results demonstrated the mean vertical gap of the Cast framework was 0.021 (+0.004) mm and 0.012 (0.002) mm determined by fixed and unfixed best-fit matching coordinate system. For Titanium frameworks they were 0.0037 (+0.0028) mm and 0.0024 (+0.0005) mm, respectively. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. Milled one-piece Titanium fixed complete denture frameworks provided a more accurate precision of fit then traditional cast frameworks.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The unfixed matching coordinate system method: 120 possible matching rectangular coordinate systems for a framework containing 6 abutment replicas (possible to form: 6 Origins × 5 <italic>X</italic>-axes × 4 <italic>XY</italic>-planes = 120 coordinate system).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2012-374315.001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The best-fit matching results in <italic>μ</italic>m of the cast frameworks to their respective master casts using the fixed method of alignment. 0,0, 0 represents the matching centroid position, <italic>x</italic>, 0,0 and <italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, 0 represent the best fit centroids for that position. The final column is the mean vertical gap at that position centroid.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Specimen</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Best-fit coordinate system</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cast</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0,0, 0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>x</italic>, 0,0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, 0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">centroid</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>The best-fit matching results in <italic>μ</italic>m of the number 2 through number 5 cast frameworks to their respective master casts using the fixed method of alignment and the vertical gap at the best positions.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Specimen</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Best-fit coordinate system</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cast</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0,0, 0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>x</italic>, 0,0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, 0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">centroid</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>The best-fit matching results in <italic>μ</italic>m of the cast frameworks to their respective master casts using the unfixed method of alignment.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Specimen</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Best-fit coordinate system</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Titan.</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0,0, 0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>x</italic>, 0,0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, 0)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">centroid</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>The cast [test-master] best-fit differences of each component centroid in <italic>μ</italic>m.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Specimen</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1">Component</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−21.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−44.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−53.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−10.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−28.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−43.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−80.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−42.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−87.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−23.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−36.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−17.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−53.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−34.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−89.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−9.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">147.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−43.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−71.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−17.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−32.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−17.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>The titanium [Test-Master] best-fit differences of each component centroid in <italic>μ</italic>m.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Specimen</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1">Component</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−5.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−6.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−29.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−26.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−28.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−16.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−11.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−15.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−18.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−21.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−16.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−12.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−23.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−19.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−10.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−19.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>x </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap-group id="tab6" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>The mean and SD of the centroid location differences in <italic>μ</italic>m of each component between test framework and reference cast generated by the unfixed coordinate system best-fit matching method. The right most column presents their total mean and SD (<italic>n</italic> = 6).</p></caption><table-wrap id="tab6a" position="anchor"><caption><p>(a) </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Cast (<italic>n</italic> = 5) Component</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 4</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 5</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 6</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>Total (<italic>n</italic> = 6)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>X </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−32.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−17.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>X </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab6b" position="anchor"><caption><p>(b) </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Cast (<italic>n</italic> = 10) Component</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 4</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 5</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>no. 6</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-ref<break></break>Total (<italic>n</italic> = 6)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>X </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>X </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></table-wrap-group><table-wrap id="tab7" position="float"><label>Table 7</label><caption><p><italic>P</italic> values of unpaired Student's <italic>t</italic>-test on the [Test-ref] centroid location differences in <italic>μ</italic>m at each component of Cast framework and titanium framework. The rightest column presents the unpaired Student's test of in total between cast/titanium frameworks.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 4</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 5</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">no. 6</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>X </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0077 </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3167</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0056 </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0154 </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3633</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0065 </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0698</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Y </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0749</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2381</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8706</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0397 </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6239</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6212</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4616</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Z</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0008</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1767</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0406</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0236</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.702</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3107</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.0373</bold></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap-group id="tab8" position="float"><label>Table 8</label><caption><p>Comparison of the best-fit results in <italic>μ</italic>m for centroid vertical gaps generated by the fixed and unfixed coordinate system best-fit matching methods.</p></caption><table-wrap id="tab8a" position="anchor"><caption><p>(a) </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Centroid <italic>Z</italic> gap data base</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed cast</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unfixed cast</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed titan.</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unfixed titan.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab8b" position="anchor"><caption><p>(b) Descriptive statistics</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Count</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Std. dev.</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Std. error</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed cast</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.306</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.162</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unfixed cast</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.221</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.335</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed titan.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.812</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.889</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unfixed titan.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.462</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.462</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab8c" position="anchor"><caption><p>(c) Paired <italic>t</italic>-test: hypothesized difference = 0</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean diff.</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DF</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic> value</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed cast; unfixed cast</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.225</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0321</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed titan; unfixed titan.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.671</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0256</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></table-wrap-group></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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