Common Errors in Digital Panoramic Radiographs of Patients with Mixed Dentition and Patients with Permanent Dentition
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Auteurs : Benjamin Peretz [Israël] ; Maya Gotler [Israël] ; Israel Kaffe [Israël]Source :
- International Journal of Dentistry [ 1687-8728 ] ; 2012.
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DOI: 10.1155/2012/584138
PubMed: 22505905
PubMed Central: 3296161
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Common Errors in Digital Panoramic Radiographs of Patients with Mixed Dentition and Patients with Permanent Dentition</title><author><name sortKey="Peretz, Benjamin" sort="Peretz, Benjamin" uniqKey="Peretz B" first="Benjamin" last="Peretz">Benjamin Peretz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gotler, Maya" sort="Gotler, Maya" uniqKey="Gotler M" first="Maya" last="Gotler">Maya Gotler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaffe, Israel" sort="Kaffe, Israel" uniqKey="Kaffe I" first="Israel" last="Kaffe">Israel Kaffe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22505905</idno><idno type="pmc">3296161</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296161</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3296161</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2012/584138</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D40</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D40</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002D40</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002D40</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Common Errors in Digital Panoramic Radiographs of Patients with Mixed Dentition and Patients with Permanent Dentition</title><author><name sortKey="Peretz, Benjamin" sort="Peretz, Benjamin" uniqKey="Peretz B" first="Benjamin" last="Peretz">Benjamin Peretz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gotler, Maya" sort="Gotler, Maya" uniqKey="Gotler M" first="Maya" last="Gotler">Maya Gotler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaffe, Israel" sort="Kaffe, Israel" uniqKey="Kaffe I" first="Israel" last="Kaffe">Israel Kaffe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">1687-8728</idno><idno type="eISSN">1687-8736</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Purpose</italic>. To compare errors in digital panoramic radiographs of permanent and mixed dentitions.
<italic>Methods</italic>. 143 and 146 digital radiographs of mixed and permanent dentitions were examined. <italic>Results</italic>. Significantly fewer errors presented in the mixed dentition. Positioning too forward significantly prevalent in the mixed dentition; slumped position and nonpositioning of chin properly were significantly prevailed in the permanent dentition. Blurred or shortened upper incisors were significantly more prevalent in the mixed dentition. Diagnostic ability could be improved by manipulating the brightness or contrast in nearly 45% of all radiographs. In the mixed dentition, tilting the chin down and a slumped position made the lower incisors significantly nondiagnostic. In the permanent dentition, tilting the chin down made the lower incisors to be significantly nondiagnostic. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. More errors were prevalent in panoramic radiographs of permanent dentitions. Properly positioning the patient is the most important factor in preventing a cascade of errors.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pettit, Gg" uniqKey="Pettit G">GG Pettit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Horton, Ps" uniqKey="Horton P">PS Horton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sippy, Fh" uniqKey="Sippy F">FH Sippy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kerber, Pe" uniqKey="Kerber P">PE Kerber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paule, Cl" uniqKey="Paule C">CL Paule</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langland, Oe" uniqKey="Langland O">OE Langland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langlais, Rp" uniqKey="Langlais R">RP Langlais</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langlais, Rp" uniqKey="Langlais R">RP Langlais</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langland, Oe" uniqKey="Langland O">OE Langland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nortje, Cj" uniqKey="Nortje C">CJ Nortje</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schiff, T" uniqKey="Schiff T">T Schiff</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Mbrosio, J" uniqKey="D Mbrosio J">J D’Ambrosio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glass, Bj" uniqKey="Glass B">BJ Glass</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langlais, Rp" uniqKey="Langlais R">RP Langlais</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdavid, Wd" uniqKey="Mcdavid W">WD McDavid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stephens, Rg" uniqKey="Stephens R">RG Stephens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kogon, Sl" uniqKey="Kogon S">SL Kogon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Ja" uniqKey="Reid J">JA Reid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruprecht, A" uniqKey="Ruprecht A">A 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uniqKey="Giglio F">FPM Giglio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, O" uniqKey="Ferreira O">O Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sant Na, E" uniqKey="Sant Na E">E Sant’Ana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Capelozza, Ala" uniqKey="Capelozza A">ALA Capelozza</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tronje, G" uniqKey="Tronje G">G Tronje</name></author><author><name sortKey="Welander, U" uniqKey="Welander U">U Welander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdavid, Wd" uniqKey="Mcdavid W">WD McDavid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Cr" uniqKey="Morris C">CR Morris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcdavid, Wd" uniqKey="Mcdavid W">WD McDavid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langlais, Rp" uniqKey="Langlais R">RP Langlais</name></author><author><name sortKey="Welander, U" uniqKey="Welander U">U Welander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Cr" uniqKey="Morris C">CR Morris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langland, Oe" uniqKey="Langland O">OE Langland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sippy, Fh" uniqKey="Sippy F">FH Sippy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Cr" uniqKey="Morris C">CR Morris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langlais, Rp" uniqKey="Langlais R">RP Langlais</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thorogood, J" uniqKey="Thorogood J">J Thorogood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horner, K" uniqKey="Horner K">K Horner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Nj" uniqKey="Smith N">NJ Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brezden, Na" uniqKey="Brezden N">NA Brezden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooks, Sl" uniqKey="Brooks S">SL Brooks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rushton, Ve" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22505905</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3296161</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/584138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Common Errors in Digital Panoramic Radiographs of Patients with Mixed Dentition and Patients with Permanent Dentition</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peretz</surname><given-names>Benjamin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gotler</surname><given-names>Maya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaffe</surname><given-names>Israel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Benjamin Peretz: <email>bperetz@post.tau.ac.il</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Andreas Stavropoulos</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>2</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>2012</volume><elocation-id>584138</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>8</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>1</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Benjamin Peretz et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Purpose</italic>. To compare errors in digital panoramic radiographs of permanent and mixed dentitions.
<italic>Methods</italic>. 143 and 146 digital radiographs of mixed and permanent dentitions were examined. <italic>Results</italic>. Significantly fewer errors presented in the mixed dentition. Positioning too forward significantly prevalent in the mixed dentition; slumped position and nonpositioning of chin properly were significantly prevailed in the permanent dentition. Blurred or shortened upper incisors were significantly more prevalent in the mixed dentition. Diagnostic ability could be improved by manipulating the brightness or contrast in nearly 45% of all radiographs. In the mixed dentition, tilting the chin down and a slumped position made the lower incisors significantly nondiagnostic. In the permanent dentition, tilting the chin down made the lower incisors to be significantly nondiagnostic. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. More errors were prevalent in panoramic radiographs of permanent dentitions. Properly positioning the patient is the most important factor in preventing a cascade of errors.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The distribution of errors among the mixed and the permanent dentition groups.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2012-584138.001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Mean number of errors in each group (the ± symbol represents SD).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean number of errors per radiograph</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean number of errors in diagnostic radiographs</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean number of errors in nondiagnostic radiographs</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mixed dentition</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.74 ± 0.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.61 ± 0.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9 ± 0.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Permanent dentition</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.19 ± 0.87*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.04 ± 0.87**</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4 ± 0.8***</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*<italic>P</italic> < 0.001 <italic>t</italic>-test.</p></fn><fn><p>**<italic>P</italic> < 0.001 two-way anova.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Frequency of errors in the mixed and the permanent dentition groups*.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Error</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mixed dentition (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Permanent dentition (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. too far forward</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. too far back</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.112</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head twisted</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.067</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head tilted</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.732</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin tipped too low</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin raised too high</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.563</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Slumped position</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin not on chin rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tongue not on plate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.236</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bite guide not used</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. moves</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.682</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. wears jewelry</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.409</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>*</bold>The following errors were excluded since they did not appear in both groups: no home base, use of lead apron which fits intraoral radiographs or thyroid protector, and Cassette resistance.</p></fn><fn><p><bold>**</bold>Fisher exact test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Frequency of errors in the diagnostic and nondiagnostic radiographs*.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Error</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Mixed dentition</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Permanent dentition</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diagnostic <break></break><italic>N</italic> = 79 (55%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nondiagnostic <break></break><italic>N</italic> = 64 (45%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diagnostic <break></break><italic>N</italic> = 89 (61%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nondiagnostic <break></break><italic>N</italic> = 57 (39%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. too far forward</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.3%**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. too far back</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7.6%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.1%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.9%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.8%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head twisted</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.6%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3.4%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7/0%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head tilted</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.7%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.0%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin tipped too low</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.4%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.9%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.3%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin raised too high</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.9%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.8%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.2%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Slumped position</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4.7%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.8%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin not on chin rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.4%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.3%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.4%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tongue not on plate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.6%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.7%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.2%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.4%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bite guide not used</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.3%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. moves</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4.7%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.1%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.8%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pt. wears jewelry</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5.0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6.3%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3.4%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3.5%</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*The following errors were excluded since they did not appear in both groups: no home base, use of lead apron which fits intraoral radiographs or thyroid protector, and cassette resistance.</p></fn><fn><p>**<italic>P</italic> = 0.04, chi-Square test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Reasons for problems in diagnostic power of radiographs.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reason for nondiagnosis</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mixed <break></break>dentition</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Permanent <break></break>dentition</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower incisors blurred/shortened</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.7%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.6%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper incisors blurred/shortened</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower and upper incisors blurred/shortened</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.8%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.6%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Entire radiograph of large parts blurred/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.2%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.3%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Fisher exact test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Ways of improving the diagnostic power of radiographs.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">How to improve diagnostics</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mixed dentition</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Permanent dentition</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Add lower PA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.8%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.9%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Add upper PA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5.7%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Add upper and lower PA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Add PA as needed</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7.2%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Fisher exact test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab6" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>The association between the type of error and the problem in the radiograph's diagnostics in mixed dentition.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of error</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reason</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent of nondiagnostic radiographs</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head tilted</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blurred/unclear radiograph</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin down in rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92.9%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin down in rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin up in rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin up in rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Slumped position</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Fisher exact test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab7" position="float"><label>Table 7</label><caption><p>The association between the type of error and the problem in the radiograph diagnosis in the permanent dentition*.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type of error</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reason</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent of non-diagnostic radiographs</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin up in rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.7%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin down in rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chin up in rest</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper incisors blurred/shortened/unclear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Slumped position</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blurred/unclear radiograph</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4.8%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.041</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Fisher exact test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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