Alveolar ridge atrophy related to facial morphology in edentulous patients
Identifieur interne : 002B13 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002B12; suivant : 002B14Alveolar ridge atrophy related to facial morphology in edentulous patients
Auteurs : Joanna Ku ; Teresa Sierpi Ska [Pologne] ; Maria Goł BiewskaSource :
- Clinical Interventions in Aging [ 1176-9092 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The morphology of the alveolar process determines the retention and stability of prosthetic restorations, thereby determining the result of the therapy. Considering that the edentulous jaws may be affected by the atrophy process, it was hypothesized that the morphology of the alveolar process of the maxilla may be dependent on the anterior facial height and anatomy of the mandible.
Twenty-five healthy edentulous Caucasian individuals were randomly chosen. Each subject underwent a lateral cephalogram before and after prosthetic rehabilitation. During exposition, newly made prostheses were placed in the patient’s mouth. Teeth remained in maximal intercuspidation. Morphological parameters were evaluated according to the Ricketts, McNamara, and Tallgren’s method.
An inversely proportional association was observed between patient age and the distal part of the maxilla. A statistically significant connection was noted between the vertical dimension of alveolar ridge and anterior total and lower facial height conditioned by prosthetic rehabilitation.
The height of the lateral part of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla remains in connection with the anterior total and lower facial height obtained in the course of prosthetic rehabilitation. The vertical dimension of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla seems to be in close relationship with the morphology of the lower jaw.
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DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S140791
PubMed: 28979109
PubMed Central: 5602450
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Alveolar ridge atrophy related to facial morphology in edentulous patients</title><author><name sortKey="Ku, Joanna" sort="Ku, Joanna" uniqKey="Ku J" first="Joanna" last="Ku">Joanna Ku</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-12-1481">Department of Prosthodontics</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sierpi Ska, Teresa" sort="Sierpi Ska, Teresa" uniqKey="Sierpi Ska T" first="Teresa" last="Sierpi Ska">Teresa Sierpi Ska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-cia-12-1481">Department of Dental Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dental Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gol Biewska, Maria" sort="Gol Biewska, Maria" uniqKey="Gol Biewska M" first="Maria" last="Goł Biewska">Maria Goł Biewska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-12-1481">Department of Prosthodontics</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28979109</idno><idno type="pmc">5602450</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5602450</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5602450</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/CIA.S140791</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002B13</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002B13</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002B13</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002B13</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Alveolar ridge atrophy related to facial morphology in edentulous patients</title><author><name sortKey="Ku, Joanna" sort="Ku, Joanna" uniqKey="Ku J" first="Joanna" last="Ku">Joanna Ku</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-12-1481">Department of Prosthodontics</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sierpi Ska, Teresa" sort="Sierpi Ska, Teresa" uniqKey="Sierpi Ska T" first="Teresa" last="Sierpi Ska">Teresa Sierpi Ska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-cia-12-1481">Department of Dental Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dental Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gol Biewska, Maria" sort="Gol Biewska, Maria" uniqKey="Gol Biewska M" first="Maria" last="Goł Biewska">Maria Goł Biewska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-12-1481">Department of Prosthodontics</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Interventions in Aging</title><idno type="ISSN">1176-9092</idno><idno type="eISSN">1178-1998</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>The morphology of the alveolar process determines the retention and stability of prosthetic restorations, thereby determining the result of the therapy. Considering that the edentulous jaws may be affected by the atrophy process, it was hypothesized that the morphology of the alveolar process of the maxilla may be dependent on the anterior facial height and anatomy of the mandible.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and methods</title><p>Twenty-five healthy edentulous Caucasian individuals were randomly chosen. Each subject underwent a lateral cephalogram before and after prosthetic rehabilitation. During exposition, newly made prostheses were placed in the patient’s mouth. Teeth remained in maximal intercuspidation. Morphological parameters were evaluated according to the Ricketts, McNamara, and Tallgren’s method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>An inversely proportional association was observed between patient age and the distal part of the maxilla. A statistically significant connection was noted between the vertical dimension of alveolar ridge and anterior total and lower facial height conditioned by prosthetic rehabilitation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The height of the lateral part of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla remains in connection with the anterior total and lower facial height obtained in the course of prosthetic rehabilitation. The vertical dimension of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla seems to be in close relationship with the morphology of the lower jaw.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tallgren, A" uniqKey="Tallgren A">A Tallgren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tallgren, A" uniqKey="Tallgren A">A Tallgren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tallgren, A" uniqKey="Tallgren A">A Tallgren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tallgren, A" uniqKey="Tallgren A">A Tallgren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tallgren, A" uniqKey="Tallgren A">A Tallgren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Douglass, Jb" uniqKey="Douglass J">JB Douglass</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meader, L" uniqKey="Meader 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Interv Aging</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin Interv Aging</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical Interventions in Aging</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Interventions in Aging</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1176-9092</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1178-1998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28979109</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5602450</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/CIA.S140791</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cia-12-1481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Alveolar ridge atrophy related to facial morphology in edentulous patients</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuć</surname><given-names>Joanna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cia-12-1481">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-cia-12-1481"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sierpińska</surname><given-names>Teresa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-cia-12-1481">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gołębiewska</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cia-12-1481">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-cia-12-1481"><label>1</label>Department of Prosthodontics</aff><aff id="af2-cia-12-1481"><label>2</label>Department of Dental Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-cia-12-1481">Correspondence: Joanna Kuć, Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Bialystok, M Sklodowska-Curie Str. 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland, Tel +48 85 746 8349, Fax +48 85 744 7030, Email <email>kucjoanna@poczta.onet.pl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>9</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><fpage>1481</fpage><lpage>1494</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 Kuć et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of this license are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php">https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php</ext-link> and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>The morphology of the alveolar process determines the retention and stability of prosthetic restorations, thereby determining the result of the therapy. Considering that the edentulous jaws may be affected by the atrophy process, it was hypothesized that the morphology of the alveolar process of the maxilla may be dependent on the anterior facial height and anatomy of the mandible.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and methods</title><p>Twenty-five healthy edentulous Caucasian individuals were randomly chosen. Each subject underwent a lateral cephalogram before and after prosthetic rehabilitation. During exposition, newly made prostheses were placed in the patient’s mouth. Teeth remained in maximal intercuspidation. Morphological parameters were evaluated according to the Ricketts, McNamara, and Tallgren’s method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>An inversely proportional association was observed between patient age and the distal part of the maxilla. A statistically significant connection was noted between the vertical dimension of alveolar ridge and anterior total and lower facial height conditioned by prosthetic rehabilitation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The height of the lateral part of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla remains in connection with the anterior total and lower facial height obtained in the course of prosthetic rehabilitation. The vertical dimension of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla seems to be in close relationship with the morphology of the lower jaw.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>anterior facial height</kwd><kwd>cephalometric analysis</kwd><kwd>complete dentures</kwd><kwd>vertical occlusal dimension</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Reference points and lines with regard to the cephalometric analysis. A detailed description of the reference points is presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1-cia-12-1481">Table 1</xref>.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> ‘indicates that the points are located within soft tissue. Kuć J, Sierpińska T, Gołębiewska M. The relationship between facial morphology and the structure of the alveolar part of the mandible in edentulous complete denture wearers. A preliminary study. <italic>Acta Odontologica Scandinavica</italic>. 2015;73(1):57–66. Copyright © Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society, adapted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.tandfonline.com">www.tandfonline.com</ext-link> on behalf of Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> CC, center of the cranium; PT, point at the junction of the pterygopalatine fossae and foramen rotundum placed at 11 o’clock from the pterygomaxillary fissure.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-12-1481Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Reference points with regard to the analysis of the morphology of the alveolar part of the mandible. A detailed description of the reference points is presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1-cia-12-1481">Table 1</xref> and in the second paragraph of the study – Subjects and methods.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> md1, md2, md3, md4, md5 – points located equidistant from each other with respect to the mandibular plane; md5 – point situated within the mandible center line, noted in the most posterior and upward direction; md6 – the highest point situated within the mandible center line with regard to the mandibular plane; md7 noted as the point within the mandible center line, situated in the most anterior and upward direction. mx1, mx2, mx3, mx4, mx5 – points within the contour of the alveolar process located at equal distances from each other with respect to the AnsPns line; mx6 – point situated within the top of the anterior part of the alveolar ridge in relation to the AnsPns line; mx7 – the most inferior point on the anterior contour of the maxillary process. Pos, localized as the intersection between the posterior contour of mandibular symphysis and a line through Pg parallel to ML. PP, the point which is localized midway between points mp and mx5. If, inframalar point. mp, projection of inframalar point on the inferior contour of hard palate. ma, maxillon. the midpoint of the hard palate. Kuć J, Sierpińska T, Gołębiewska M. The relationship between facial morphology and the structure of the alveolar part of the mandible in edentulous complete denture wearers. A preliminary study. <italic>Acta Odontologica Scandinavica</italic>. 2015;73(1):57–66. Copyright © Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society, adapted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.tandfonline.com">www.tandfonline.com</ext-link> on behalf of Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-12-1481Fig2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Reference points and lines</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Definitions of the cephalometric points and lines</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Soft tissue cephalometric landmarks:</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G’</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Glabella – located within the forehead as the most anterior point</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sn’</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Subnasale – situated in the place where the nasal septum connects the upper lip</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Me’</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Soft tissue menton – noted on the lower outline of the chin</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Skeletal/hard tissue cephalometric landmarks:</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SS(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Subspinale – located between the anterior nasal spine (Ans) and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pr</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prosthion – noted within the anterior contour of the upper alveolar process</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ans</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior nasal spine – situated at the anterior extremity of the intermaxillary suture</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sm(B)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Supramentale – the most posterior midline point, above the chin between infradentale and Pg</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ir</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Infradentale – the highest point of the alveolar process within the anterior part of the mandible</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Condylion – noted as the most superoposterior point on the surface of the head of the mandible</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gn</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gnathion – the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Me</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Menton – the lowest point of the mandible observed in lateral view</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nasion – the middle point of the frontonasal suture</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Or</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Orbitale – the lowest point on the inferior edge of the orbit</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pm</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Suprapogonion – point within the anterior contour of the symphysis where curvature changes from concave to convex</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Po</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Porion – central point on upper margin of the external auditory meatus</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sella – midpoint of sella turcica</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PT</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">– point at the junction of the pterygopalatine fossae and foramen rotundum placed at 11 o’clock from the pterygomaxillary fissure</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ba</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Basion – the midpoint of the anterior border of the foramen magnum</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pg</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pogonion – the most anterior point on the mandible in the midline</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Constructional points:</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Go</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gonion – the lowest posterior and most outward point of the angle of the mandible</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FC</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Facial center – intersection of the Frankfort plane and pterygoid root vertical (PTV)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CC</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Center of the cranium – the point of intersection between the BaN plane and the facial axis (PTGn)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xi</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xilion – point located in the center of the mandibular ramus</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Cephalometric planes and lines:</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PTV</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pterygoid vertical – noted as a line perpendicular to FH, projected through the posterior contour of the pterygomaxillary fossa (PTM)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ML</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandibular plane – a line tangent to the inferior border of the body of the mandible</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MLP</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">– line perpendicular to the ML projected through the Pg</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NSL</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sella–nasion line – a line connecting the sella to the nasion</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FH</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Porion–orbitale plane, horizontal plane, Frankfurt plane – represents the cranial base</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-cia-12-1481"><p><bold>Note:</bold> Kuć J, Sierpińska T, Gołębiewska M. The relationship between facial morphology and the structure of the alveolar part of the mandible in edentulous complete denture wearers. A preliminary study. <italic>Acta Odontologica Scandinavica</italic>. 2015;73(1):57–66. Copyright © Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society, adapted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.tandfonline.com">www.tandfonline.com</ext-link> on behalf of Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Mean, standard deviation (±SD), and median (Me) of morphological parameters of the alveolar process of the maxilla according to Tallgren’s method<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref> in the whole study group (n=25)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Morphological parameters characterizing the alveolar part of the mandible according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean values</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">±SD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Me</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to AnsPns reference line, mm</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.25</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.56</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.72</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.88</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.13</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.19</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.81</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.25</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.91</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.00</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.26</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.19</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.88</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.02</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.63</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.62</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.75</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to the SNAns reference line, mm</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.83</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.00</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.79</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.75</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.75</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.38</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.04</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.13</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Others</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PP-A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.05</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.31</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-cia-12-1481"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> AnsPns line, line between spina nasalis anterior and spina nasalis posterior. mx1, mx2, mx3, mx4, mx5, points within the contour of the alveolar process located at equal distances from each other with respect to the AnsPns line. mx6, point situated within the top of the anterior part of the alveolar ridge in relation to the AnsPns line. mx7, the most inferior point on the anterior contour of the maxillary process. Ss(A), point located between anterior nasal spine and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve (Ans) and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve. PP-A, cross section of the anterior part of the alveolar process, dimension between PP and subspinale. SNAns line, line between nasion and spina nasalis anterior related to anterior cranial base (line between sella and nasion).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Correlations of morphological parameters of the edentulous ridge of the maxilla (according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>) with age, complete denture-wearing time, and the edentulous period in the whole study group (n=25; table contains Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient <italic>r</italic>)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Morphological parameters characterizing the alveolar part of the mandible according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Age
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Denture-wearing time
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Edentulous period
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="7" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to AnsPns reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.5776<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0031</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3131</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1363</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2847</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1776</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.5302<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0077</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2394</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2599</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2439</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2508</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4728<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0197</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2907</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1682</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2705</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2011</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4055<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0493</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2056</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3352</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3139</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1353</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3322</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1128</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2333</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2725</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3597</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0843</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2321</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2751</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1574</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4627</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3450</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0987</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1567</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4645</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0876</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6841</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2903</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1687</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1715</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4230</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1656</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4392</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1087</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6132</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to SNAns reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2672</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2068</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0991</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6448</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2525</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2339</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1792</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4021</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0037</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9862</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1081</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6150</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1828</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3927</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0815</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7051</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0295</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8913</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2217</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2979</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1208</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5739</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1000</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6421</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Others</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PP-A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3101</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1403</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0950</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6587</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1746</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4146</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Notes:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn3-cia-12-1481"><label>*</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.05 statistical significance. AnsPns line, line between spina nasalis anterior and spina nasalis posterior. mx1, mx2, mx3, mx4, mx5, points within the contour of the alveolar process located at equal distances from each other with respect to the AnsPns line. mx6, point situated within the top of the anterior part of the alveolar ridge in relation to the AnsPns line. mx7, the most inferior point on the anterior contour of the maxillary process. Ss(A), point located between anterior nasal spine and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve (Ans) and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve. PP-A, cross section of the anterior part of the alveolar process, dimension between PP and subspinale. SNAns line, line between nasion and spina nasalis anterior related to anterior cranial base (line between sella and nasion).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Correlations of cephalometric linear parameters (according to Ricketts,<xref rid="b16-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>–<xref rid="b18-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">18</xref> Kuć et al<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref> and McNamara<xref rid="b20-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>) with morphological parameters (according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>) of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla in the whole study group (n=25; table contains Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient <italic>r</italic>)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="3" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Morphological parameters according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></th><th colspan="16" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Linear parameters according to Ricketts<xref rid="b16-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>–<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref> and McNamara<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>,<xref rid="b20-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">20</xref> method
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">G’Sn’
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">G’Me’
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Sn’Me’
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">NAns
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">NMe
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">AnsMe
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">CoGn
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">CoGo
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="17" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to the AnsPns reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4781<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0181</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5614<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0043</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5081<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0113<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3648</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0797</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5641<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0041</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4941<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0141</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6586<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0005</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3221</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1248</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4929<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0144</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6169<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0013</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5879<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0025<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3039</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1488</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5993<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0020</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6108<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0015</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6388<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0008</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4864<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0160</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4675<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0212</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6313<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6211<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0012<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2141</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3152</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5939<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0022</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6503<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0006</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5681<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0038</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4599<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0238</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4208<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0406</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6487<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0006</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6601<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0004<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0625</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7719</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5936<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0022</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7049<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4702<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0204</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4781<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0181</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3301</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1152</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5762<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0032</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6231<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0011<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1505</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4826</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4695<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0206</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6431<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3096</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1410</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3945</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0564</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2888</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1712</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5368<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0068</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5954<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0021<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2031</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3411</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4340<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0341</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6315<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2266</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2869</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3790</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0678</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2093</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3263</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4528<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0263</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5302<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0077<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2626</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2152</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3267</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1193</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5225<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0088</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1546</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4707</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2328</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2736</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2310</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2774</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2638</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2129</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2834</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1797</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0625</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7717</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1208</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5738</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2333</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2726</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3067</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1450</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2727</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1972</td></tr><tr><td colspan="17" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to the SNAns reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4926<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0145</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4575<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0246</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3732</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0725</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3416</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1023</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5015<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0125</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4301<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0359</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3609</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0831</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1388</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5176</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3336</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1111</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3189</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1288</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2792</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1864</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2242</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2923</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3482</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0954</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3202</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1272</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3199</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1275</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0595</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7824</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2966</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1592</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2857</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1760</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2653</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2102</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2072</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3313</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3205</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1268</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2874</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1732</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3253</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1208</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1165</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5878</td></tr><tr><td colspan="17" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Others</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3421</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1017</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3193</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1284</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2896</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1698</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0780</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7171</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2447</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2492</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2633</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2139</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1980</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3536</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0929</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6661</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PP-A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1782</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4049</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3085</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1425</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2788</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1870</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0730</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7346</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3710</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0743</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4026</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0511</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3307</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1145</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3456</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0981</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Notes:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn4-cia-12-1481"><label>*</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.05 statistical significance. AnsPns line, line between spina nasalis anterior and spina nasalis posterior. mx1, mx2, mx3, mx4, mx5, points within the contour of the alveolar process located at equal distances from each other with respect to the AnsPns line. mx6, point situated within the top of the anterior part of the alveolar ridge in relation to the AnsPns line. mx7, the most inferior point on the anterior contour of the maxillary process. Ss(A), point located between anterior nasal spine and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve (Ans) and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve. PP-A, cross section of the anterior part of the alveolar process, dimension between PP and subspinale. SNAns line, line between nasion and spina nasalis anterior related to anterior cranial base (line between sella and nasion).</p></fn><fn id="tfn5-cia-12-1481"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> G’Sn’, anterior upper facial height; G’Me’, anterior total facial height; Sn’Me’, anterior lower facial height; NAns, anterior upper facial height; NMe, anterior total facial height; AnsMe, anterior lower facial height; CoGn, specifies mandibular length; CoGo, defines height of the ramus of the mandible.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t5-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Correlations of cephalometric angular parameters (according to Ricketts,<xref rid="b16-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>–<xref rid="b18-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">18</xref> Kuć et al<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref> and McNamara<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>,<xref rid="b20-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>) with morphological parameters (according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>) of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla in the whole study group (n=25; table contains Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient <italic>r</italic>)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="3" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Morphological parameters according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></th><th colspan="14" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Angular parameters according to Ricketts<xref rid="b16-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>–<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref> and McNamara method<xref rid="b19-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>,<xref rid="b20-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">20</xref><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">NFCA
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">AnsXiPm
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">SNA
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">SNB
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">ANB
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Mandibular angle
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">BaN/PTGn
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="15" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to the AnsPns reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1477</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4909</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2946</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1623</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0528</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8065</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0306</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8870</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3581</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0858</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0257</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9050</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2588</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2221</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2341</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2709</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3551</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0886</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0041</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9847</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0059</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9781</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1996</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3498</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1506</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4823</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3894</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0600</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2549</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2293</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3721</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0733</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0776</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7185</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1146</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5938</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1729</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4192</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2070</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3319</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4894<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0152</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2567</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2259</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4228<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0396</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1023</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6344</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1519</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4787</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1185</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5814</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2935</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1639</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.6130<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0014</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1857</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3850</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3139</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1352</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0691</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7483</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2330</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2732</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0024</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9910</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2375</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2638</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.7064<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1754</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4123</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3266</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1193</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0641</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7661</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2735</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1960</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0945</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6604</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2521</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2347</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.7086<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2416</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2553</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2247</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2911</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1644</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4427</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3392</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1049</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0352</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8703</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1887</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3772</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.6204<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0012</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2668</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2076</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1148</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5934</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0735</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7327</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0911</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6720</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0696</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7466</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0665</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7575</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2830</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1803</td></tr><tr><td colspan="15" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to SNAns reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3606</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0834</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2918</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1664</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4192<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0414</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3384</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1057</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2891</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1706</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4451<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0293</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3900</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0596</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3773</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0691</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1357</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5273</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3768</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0695</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2687</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2042</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3284</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1172</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5043<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0120</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2709</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2003</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mx7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3980</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0541</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0847</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3988</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4079<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0478</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2640</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2125</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3584</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0855</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5169<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0097</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2619</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2164</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ss(A)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4118<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0456</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0890</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4193</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4868<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0158</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4091<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0471</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3283</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1173</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4139<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0443</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.4842<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0165</td></tr><tr><td colspan="15" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Others</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PP-A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2557</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2279</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2718</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3249</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0131</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9516</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1582</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4602</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2427</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2531</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2624</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2154</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2289</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2820</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Notes:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn6-cia-12-1481"><label>*</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.05 statistical significance. AnsPns line, line between spina nasalis anterior and spina nasalis posterior. mx1, mx2, mx3, mx4, mx5, points within the contour of the alveolar process located at equal distances from each other with respect to the AnsPns line. mx6, point situated within the top of the anterior part of the alveolar ridge in relation to the AnsPns line. mx7, the most inferior point on the anterior contour of the maxillary process. Ss(A), point located between anterior nasal spine and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve (Ans) and prosthion (mx7) as the lowest point of the curve. PP-A, cross section of the anterior part of the alveolar process, dimension between PP and subspinale. SNAns line, line between nasion and spina nasalis anterior related to anterior cranial base (line between sella and nasion).</p></fn><fn id="tfn7-cia-12-1481"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> NFcA, angular measurement between Nasion, Facial centre and Subspinale; AnsXiPm, angular measurement of the anterior lower facial height with respect to the centre of the ramus mandible; SNA, indicates anteroposterior position of the maxilla with respect to the cranial base (normal position, retrognathic or prognathic); SNB, indicates position of the mandible with respect to the cranial base; ANB, determines mutual position of the jaws and thus skeletal classess; BaN/PTGn, facial axis.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t6-cia-12-1481" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Correlations of morphological parameters of the alveolar part of the mandible with morphological parameters of the alveolar ridge of the maxilla (according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>) in the whole study group (n=25; table contains Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient <italic>r</italic>)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Morphological parameters describing the alveolar part of the mandible according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></th><th colspan="16" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Morphological parameters describing the alveolar process of the maxilla according to Tallgren et al<xref rid="b21-cia-12-1481" ref-type="bibr">21</xref><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th colspan="14" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Orientation with respect to AnsPns reference line
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Others
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">mx1
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">mx2
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">mx3
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">mx4
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">mx5
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">mx6
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">mx7
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">PP-A
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="17" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to ML reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2800</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1851</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2210</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2993</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2063</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3335</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2351</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2688</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2464</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2459</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2058</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3346</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2963</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1598</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1262</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5569</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1274</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5531</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2807</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1840</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2931</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1645</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2693</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2032</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1769</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4082</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1985</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3525</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0727</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7357</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1759</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4109</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3303</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1150</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4993<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0130</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4860<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0161</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4536<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0260</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3724</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0732</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3637</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0807</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2401</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2585</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3762</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0700</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5099<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0109</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6493<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0006</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6426<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5701<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0036</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4990<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0131</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4649<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0221</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3805</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0666</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3869</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0618</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6027<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0018</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7363<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0000</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7537<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0000</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6999<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6597<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0005</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6351<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5521<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0052</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3674</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0773</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6048<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0017</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7180<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7478<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0000</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7016<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6938<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0002</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6646<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0004</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5890<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0025</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3433</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1005</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6205<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6781<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0003</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6842<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0002</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6643<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0004</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5959<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0021</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5476<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0056</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4512<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0269</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4543<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0257</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sm(B)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4927<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0144</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6226<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6404<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6060<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0017</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5586<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0046</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5423<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0062</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4341<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0341</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3730</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0726</td></tr><tr><td colspan="17" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Orientation with respect to the MLP reference line</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0009</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9968</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1498</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4848</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1316</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5398</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2374</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2639</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0281</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8964</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0416</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8471</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0807</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7076</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2042</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3386</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3887</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0605</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5346<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0071</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5367<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0069</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6440<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4855<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0162</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4866<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0159</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3973</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0545</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5328<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0074</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">md7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5214<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0090</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5144<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0101</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4886<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0154</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5211<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0090</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4024</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0512</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3557</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0881</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3597</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0843</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3691</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0759</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sm(B)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3368</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1075</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5658<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0040</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6059<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0017</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6700<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0003</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6725<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0003</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6738<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0003</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6265<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0011</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4500<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-cia-12-1481">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0274</td></tr><tr><td colspan="17" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Others</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pos-Pg</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0767</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7218</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0096</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9645</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0192</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9292</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1174</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5850</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0364</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8661</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0235</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9132</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0825</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7015</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2757</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1922</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mds-Sm(B)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1141</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5954</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1412</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5105</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1243</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5627</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1058</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6226</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0658</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7602</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0714</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7402</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1834</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3911</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1664</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4371</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ra</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0020</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9928</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1270</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5544</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1748</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4141</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2018</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3444</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2677</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2060</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.2947</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1622</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.3722</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0733</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0638</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7671</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-angle</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0220</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9188</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0451</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8343</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0681</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7518</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0516</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8108</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0361</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8669</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0326</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8796</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0731</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7341</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.1718</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4222</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Note:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn8-cia-12-1481"><label>*</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.05 statistical significance.</p></fn><fn id="tfn9-cia-12-1481"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> AnsPns line, line between spina nasalis anterior and spina nasalis posterior; mx1, mx2, mx3, mx4, mx5, points within the contour of the alveolar process located at equal distances from each other with respect to the AnsPns line. mx6, point situated within the top of the anterior part of the alveolar ridge in relation to the AnsPns line. mx7, the most inferior point on the anterior contour of the maxillary process. PP-A, cross section of the anterior part of the alveolar process, dimension between PP and subspinale; ML, mandibular plane – a line tangent to the inferior border of the body of the mandible; MLP, line perpendicular to the ML projected through the Pg (Pogonion); md1, md2, md3, md4, md5, points located in the same distances from each other with respect to mandibular plane; md6, the highest point situated within mandible center line with regard to mandibular plane; md7, noted as the point within mandible center line, situated in the most anterior and upward direction; Sm(B), located between infradentale (Ir) and pogonion (Pg) in the deepest place of the curve; Pos-Pg, anteroposterior dimension of the symphysis between Pos and Pg (Pogonion); Mds-Sm(B), anteroposterior dimension of the symphysis between Mds and Sm(B); Ra, the width of the ramus of the mandible specifies by the distance between anatomic borders of ramus ascendens of the mandible; β-angle, considered as an angle between mandibular plane ML and mandibular length (Co-Gn).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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