Tapered, Double-Lead Threads Single Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets and Healed Sites of the Posterior Jaws: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial with 1 to 3 Years of Follow-Up
Identifieur interne : 002949 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002948; suivant : 002950Tapered, Double-Lead Threads Single Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets and Healed Sites of the Posterior Jaws: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial with 1 to 3 Years of Follow-Up
Auteurs : Alessandro Cucchi [Italie] ; Elisabetta Vignudelli [Italie] ; Simonetta Franco [Italie] ; Luca Levrini [Italie] ; Dario Castellani [Italie] ; Luca Pagliani [Italie] ; Massimiliano Rea [Italie] ; Claudio Modena [Italie] ; Giulio Sandri [Italie] ; Carlo Longhi [Italie]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
To evaluate the survival, success, and complication rates of tapered double-lead threads single implants, placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws.
The enrolled patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: in the test group (TG), all implants were inserted at the time of tooth extraction; in the control group (CG), all implants were placed 3 months after extraction. The implants were followed for a period of 1 to 3 years after loading. The main outcomes were implant survival, complications, and implant-crown success.
Ninety-two patients had 97 installed implants (49 in the TG, 48 in the CG). Only two implants failed, in the TG; the survival rates were therefore 95.9% (47/49) and 100% (48/48) for TG and CG, respectively. In the surviving implants, no complications were reported, for an implant-crown success of 100%.
Although a significant difference was found in the levels of primary stability between TG and CG, single implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws had similar survival and complication rates. Crestal bone levels and peri-implant bone resorption showed similar values. A longer follow-up period is however required, to confirm these positive outcomes.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2017/8017175
PubMed: 29057266
PubMed Central: 5615954
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and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, Simonetta" sort="Franco, Simonetta" uniqKey="Franco S" first="Simonetta" last="Franco">Simonetta Franco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levrini, Luca" sort="Levrini, Luca" uniqKey="Levrini L" first="Luca" last="Levrini">Luca Levrini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castellani, Dario" sort="Castellani, Dario" uniqKey="Castellani D" first="Dario" last="Castellani">Dario Castellani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Private Practice, 50129 Firenze, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 50129 Firenze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagliani, Luca" sort="Pagliani, Luca" uniqKey="Pagliani L" first="Luca" last="Pagliani">Luca Pagliani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Private Practice, 20122 Milano, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 20122 Milano</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rea, Massimiliano" sort="Rea, Massimiliano" uniqKey="Rea M" first="Massimiliano" last="Rea">Massimiliano Rea</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Private Practice, 44121 Ferrara, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 44121 Ferrara</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Modena, Claudio" sort="Modena, Claudio" uniqKey="Modena C" first="Claudio" last="Modena">Claudio Modena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Science, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Science, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandri, Giulio" sort="Sandri, Giulio" uniqKey="Sandri G" first="Giulio" last="Sandri">Giulio Sandri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Private Practice, 37126 Verona, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 37126 Verona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Longhi, Carlo" sort="Longhi, Carlo" uniqKey="Longhi C" first="Carlo" last="Longhi">Carlo Longhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I8">Private Practice, 46035 Mantova, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 46035 Mantova</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29057266</idno><idno type="pmc">5615954</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5615954</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5615954</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2017/8017175</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002949</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002949</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002949</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002949</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Tapered, Double-Lead Threads Single Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets and Healed Sites of the Posterior Jaws: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial with 1 to 3 Years of Follow-Up</title><author><name sortKey="Cucchi, Alessandro" sort="Cucchi, Alessandro" uniqKey="Cucchi A" first="Alessandro" last="Cucchi">Alessandro Cucchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vignudelli, Elisabetta" sort="Vignudelli, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Vignudelli E" first="Elisabetta" last="Vignudelli">Elisabetta Vignudelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, Simonetta" sort="Franco, Simonetta" uniqKey="Franco S" first="Simonetta" last="Franco">Simonetta Franco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levrini, Luca" sort="Levrini, Luca" uniqKey="Levrini L" first="Luca" last="Levrini">Luca Levrini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castellani, Dario" sort="Castellani, Dario" uniqKey="Castellani D" first="Dario" last="Castellani">Dario Castellani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Private Practice, 50129 Firenze, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 50129 Firenze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagliani, Luca" sort="Pagliani, Luca" uniqKey="Pagliani L" first="Luca" last="Pagliani">Luca Pagliani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Private Practice, 20122 Milano, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 20122 Milano</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rea, Massimiliano" sort="Rea, Massimiliano" uniqKey="Rea M" first="Massimiliano" last="Rea">Massimiliano Rea</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Private Practice, 44121 Ferrara, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 44121 Ferrara</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Modena, Claudio" sort="Modena, Claudio" uniqKey="Modena C" first="Claudio" last="Modena">Claudio Modena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Science, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Science, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandri, Giulio" sort="Sandri, Giulio" uniqKey="Sandri G" first="Giulio" last="Sandri">Giulio Sandri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Private Practice, 37126 Verona, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 37126 Verona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Longhi, Carlo" sort="Longhi, Carlo" uniqKey="Longhi C" first="Carlo" last="Longhi">Carlo Longhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I8">Private Practice, 46035 Mantova, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Private Practice, 46035 Mantova</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p> To evaluate the survival, success, and complication rates of tapered double-lead threads single implants, placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws.</p></sec><sec><title> Methods</title><p> The enrolled patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: in the test group (TG), all implants were inserted at the time of tooth extraction; in the control group (CG), all implants were placed 3 months after extraction. The implants were followed for a period of 1 to 3 years after loading. The main outcomes were implant survival, complications, and implant-crown success.</p></sec><sec><title> Results</title><p> Ninety-two patients had 97 installed implants (49 in the TG, 48 in the CG). Only two implants failed, in the TG; the survival rates were therefore 95.9% (47/49) and 100% (48/48) for TG and CG, respectively. In the surviving implants, no complications were reported, for an implant-crown success of 100%.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusions</title><p> Although a significant difference was found in the levels of primary stability between TG and CG, single implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws had similar survival and complication rates. Crestal bone levels and peri-implant bone resorption showed similar values. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29057266</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5615954</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2017/8017175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Tapered, Double-Lead Threads Single Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets and Healed Sites of the Posterior Jaws: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial with 1 to 3 Years of Follow-Up</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-2807</contrib-id><name><surname>Cucchi</surname><given-names>Alessandro</given-names></name><email>dr.cucchi@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vignudelli</surname><given-names>Elisabetta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-9930</contrib-id><name><surname>Franco</surname><given-names>Simonetta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-7765</contrib-id><name><surname>Levrini</surname><given-names>Luca</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Castellani</surname><given-names>Dario</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pagliani</surname><given-names>Luca</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rea</surname><given-names>Massimiliano</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Modena</surname><given-names>Claudio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sandri</surname><given-names>Giulio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Longhi</surname><given-names>Carlo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I8"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Private Practice, 50129 Firenze, Italy</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Private Practice, 20122 Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>Private Practice, 44121 Ferrara, Italy</aff><aff id="I6"><sup>6</sup>Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Science, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy</aff><aff id="I7"><sup>7</sup>Private Practice, 37126 Verona, Italy</aff><aff id="I8"><sup>8</sup>Private Practice, 46035 Mantova, Italy</aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Hassan Maghaireh</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>9</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>2017</volume><elocation-id>8017175</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>5</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>31</day><month>7</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017 Alessandro Cucchi et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Purpose</title><p> To evaluate the survival, success, and complication rates of tapered double-lead threads single implants, placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws.</p></sec><sec><title> Methods</title><p> The enrolled patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: in the test group (TG), all implants were inserted at the time of tooth extraction; in the control group (CG), all implants were placed 3 months after extraction. The implants were followed for a period of 1 to 3 years after loading. The main outcomes were implant survival, complications, and implant-crown success.</p></sec><sec><title> Results</title><p> Ninety-two patients had 97 installed implants (49 in the TG, 48 in the CG). Only two implants failed, in the TG; the survival rates were therefore 95.9% (47/49) and 100% (48/48) for TG and CG, respectively. In the surviving implants, no complications were reported, for an implant-crown success of 100%.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusions</title><p> Although a significant difference was found in the levels of primary stability between TG and CG, single implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws had similar survival and complication rates. Crestal bone levels and peri-implant bone resorption showed similar values. A longer follow-up period is however required, to confirm these positive outcomes.</p></sec></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Drawing of the fixture used in this study, with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the implant surface. The tapered implants used in the present work (BT Safe Bone Level®; Biotec BTK, Dueville, Vicenza, Italy) had double-lead threads. The dual acid etched (DAE) surface of the fixtures had the following roughness parameters: Ra = 1.12 (60.41) <italic>μ</italic>m, Rq = 1.34 (60.69) <italic>μ</italic>m, and Rt = 3.86 (61.40) <italic>μ</italic>m.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Immediate implant placement of a mandibular second premolar (#45). Preoperative clinical picture of the residual nonrestorable tooth (a); the postextraction socket and the related bone defect (b); implant placement in the postextraction socket (c); bone graft placement in the peri-implant gap (d); primary flap closure and sutures (e); postoperative periapical radiograph after implant surgery (f).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Immediate implant placement of a mandibular second premolar (#45). Soft tissue healing after 3 months (a); periapical radiograph after 3 months of submerged healing (b); second-stage surgery and the alveolar ridge 3 months after implant placement (c); fixture exposure during second-stage surgery (d); placement of the healing abutment and sutures (e); periapical radiograph after insertion of the healing abutment (f).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Immediate implant placement of a mandibular second premolar (#45). Final metal-ceramic crown at delivery, lateral view (a); periapical radiograph of the implant at the delivery of the final crown (b); final metal-ceramic crown at delivery, occlusal view (c); periapical radiograph 2 years after implant insertion (d).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Immediate implant placement of a mandibular first molar (#46). Preoperative periapical radiograph before tooth extraction (a); postextraction socket and bone defect (b); implant site preparation in postextraction socket (c); implant placement in postextraction socket (d); primary flap closure and sutures (e); postoperative radiograph after implant surgery (f).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Immediate implant placement of a mandibular first molar (#46). Soft tissue healing 3 months after implant placement (a); periapical radiograph after 3 months of submerged healing (b); second-stage surgery and the alveolar ridge 3 months after implant placement (c); fixture exposure during second-stage surgery (d); placement of the healing abutment and sutures (e); periapical radiograph after insertion of the healing abutment (f).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.006"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Immediate implant placement of a mandibular first molar (#46). Final metal-ceramic crown at delivery, lateral view (a); periapical radiograph of the implant at the delivery of the final crown (b); final metal-ceramic crown at delivery, occlusal view (c); periapical radiograph 2 years after implant insertion (d).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.007"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8</label><caption><p>Delayed implant placement of a maxillary second premolar (#15). Preoperative clinical picture, lateral view (a); preoperative clinical picture, occlusal view (b); periapical radiograph before tooth extraction (c); alveolar ridge immediately after extraction (d); alveolar ridge after 3 months of healing (e); periapical radiograph after 3 months of healing (f).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.008"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9</label><caption><p>Delayed implant placement of a maxillary second premolar (#15). Alveolar ridge after surgical flap elevation (a); implant site preparation and axis verification (b); implant placement in healed site (c); placement of the cover screw (d); primary flap closure (e); postoperative periapical radiograph (f).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.009"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 10</label><caption><p>Delayed implant placement of a maxillary second premolar (#15). Final metal-ceramic crown at delivery, lateral view (a); periapical radiograph of the implant at the delivery of the final crown (b); final metal-ceramic crown at delivery, occlusal view (c); periapical radiograph 2 years after implant insertion (d).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-8017175.010"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patients distribution.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All patients</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Gender</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Males</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (43.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 (50.0%)</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">0.676</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Females</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (56.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 (50.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Age</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20–39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (25.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (22.7%)</td><td rowspan="3" align="center" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40–59</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 (64.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (31.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60–79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (10.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (45.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Smoking habit</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes<sup><italic>∗∗</italic></sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (14.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (18.2%)</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">0.779</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (85.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36 (81.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All patients</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><italic>p</italic><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup> = Fisher exact test. <italic>∗∗</italic> = patients with ≤20 cigarettes/day were included in the study, conversely patients smoking >20 cigarettes/day were excluded from the study.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Implants distribution.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All implants</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Site</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maxilla</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (51.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (37.5%)</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">0.221</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandible</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (49.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (62.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Position</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolars</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (51.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (62.5%)</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">0.307</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Molars</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (49.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (37.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Reason for tooth extraction</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chronic periodontal disease</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (20.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (31.2%)</td><td rowspan="3" align="center" colspan="1">0.437</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Destructive caries</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (46.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (43.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Root fractures or resorption</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (32.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (25.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" rowspan="1"><italic>Presence of endodontic lesion</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (28.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0%)</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35 (71.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All implants</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><italic>p</italic><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup> = Fisher exact test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Sockets distribution in pluriradicular (molar) teeth, according to Smith and Tarnow [<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>].</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socket type </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (21.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (25.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (47.3%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type B</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (20.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (12.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (32.7%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (12.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (7.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (20.0%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All sockets</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (54.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (45.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 (100.0%)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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