Assessing Double Acid-Etched Implants Submitted to Orthodontic Forces and Used as Prosthetic Anchorages in Partially Edentulous Patients
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Auteurs : Rugani De Cravero Marta ; Iba Ez Juan CarlosSource :
- The Open Dentistry Journal [ 1874-2106 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
The use of implants as anchorage for orthodontic forces seems to be a good alternative in partially edentulous patients needing orthodontic treatment.
This study is aimed at assessing the performance and behavior of microtextured surface endosseous implants obtained by means of a double acid etching against orthodontic forces, as well as their adequacy to be used first as anchorage and later as fixtures for the definitive prosthesis.
A total of 93 double acid-etched surface parallel wall implants (Osseotite® Implants, Implant Innovations Inc., Palm Beach, Florida, USA) were inserted in 38 partially edentulous patients prior to orthodontic treatment This was carried out by following two-stage surgery protocols in the maxilla as well as in the mandible.
After a healing period of six months for the maxilla and four months for the mandible, the implants were used as anchorage for sliding, compression and traction orthodontic forces between 100 to 200 g by means of Ni-TI springs.
Bone level and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) were measured before and after the introduction of the orthodontics forces.
After removal of the orthodontics appliances, all the implants remained stabile and served as support for prosthetic replacement of missing teeth. The bone level showed no variationeven when a positive difference 0.02 ± 0.38mm was noticed. The RFA scored a significant difference (p≤ 0.03) between the initial Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values (66) and the final ones (68).
These findings showed that Osseotite implants were able to support the orthodontic forces applied during this investigation, maintaining osseointegration without significant variation in bone level. Therefore, they can be used to support dental prosthesis once they have been used as orthodontic anchorage under the cited conditions.
Url:
DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010030
PubMed: 19088880
PubMed Central: 2581540
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Rugani De Cravero Marta<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Doctor in Dentistry and Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, República Argentina</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">República Argentina</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Doctor in Dentistry, Private Practice, Obispo Oro 414 Córdoba (5000) República Argentina</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Obispo Oro 414 Córdoba (5000) República Argentina</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Assessing Double Acid-Etched Implants Submitted to Orthodontic Forces and Used as Prosthetic Anchorages in Partially Edentulous Patients</title><author><name sortKey="De Cravero Marta, Rugani" sort="De Cravero Marta, Rugani" uniqKey="De Cravero Marta R" first="Rugani" last="De Cravero Marta">Rugani De Cravero Marta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Doctor in Dentistry and Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, República Argentina</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">República Argentina</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carlos, Iba Ez Juan" sort="Carlos, Iba Ez Juan" uniqKey="Carlos I" first="Iba Ez Juan" last="Carlos">Iba Ez Juan Carlos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Doctor in Dentistry, Private Practice, Obispo Oro 414 Córdoba (5000) República Argentina</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Obispo Oro 414 Córdoba (5000) República Argentina</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19088880</idno><idno type="pmc">2581540</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581540</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2581540</idno><idno type="doi">10.2174/1874210600802010030</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002145</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002145</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002145</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002145</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Assessing Double Acid-Etched Implants Submitted to Orthodontic Forces and Used as Prosthetic Anchorages in Partially Edentulous Patients</title><author><name sortKey="De Cravero Marta, Rugani" sort="De Cravero Marta, Rugani" uniqKey="De Cravero Marta R" first="Rugani" last="De Cravero Marta">Rugani De Cravero Marta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Doctor in Dentistry and Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, República Argentina</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">República Argentina</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carlos, Iba Ez Juan" sort="Carlos, Iba Ez Juan" uniqKey="Carlos I" first="Iba Ez Juan" last="Carlos">Iba Ez Juan Carlos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Doctor in Dentistry, Private Practice, Obispo Oro 414 Córdoba (5000) República Argentina</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Obispo Oro 414 Córdoba (5000) República Argentina</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Open Dentistry Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1874-2106</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec sec-type="abstract"><title>Abstract:</title><p>The use of implants as anchorage for orthodontic forces seems to be a good alternative in partially edentulous patients needing orthodontic treatment. </p><p>This study is aimed at assessing the performance and behavior of microtextured surface endosseous implants obtained by means of a double acid etching against orthodontic forces, as well as their adequacy to be used first as anchorage and later as fixtures for the definitive prosthesis.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p> A total of 93 double acid-etched surface parallel wall implants (Osseotite® Implants, Implant Innovations Inc., Palm Beach, Florida, USA) were inserted in 38 partially edentulous patients prior to orthodontic treatment This was carried out by following two-stage surgery protocols in the maxilla as well as in the mandible.</p><p>After a healing period of six months for the maxilla and four months for the mandible, the implants were used as anchorage for sliding, compression and traction orthodontic forces between 100 to 200 g by means of Ni-TI springs.</p><p>Bone level and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) were measured before and after the introduction of the orthodontics forces.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results:</title><p> After removal of the orthodontics appliances, all the implants remained stabile and served as support for prosthetic replacement of missing teeth. The bone level showed no variationeven when a positive difference 0.02 ± 0.38mm was noticed. The RFA scored a significant difference (p≤ 0.03) between the initial Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values (66) and the final ones (68).</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusion"><title>Conclusions:</title><p> These findings showed that Osseotite implants were able to support the orthodontic forces applied during this investigation, maintaining osseointegration without significant variation in bone level. Therefore, they can be used to support dental prosthesis once they have been used as orthodontic anchorage under the cited conditions.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Open Dent J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">TODENTJ</journal-id><journal-title>The Open Dentistry Journal</journal-title><issn pub-type="epub">1874-2106</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19088880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2581540</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">TODENTJ-2-30</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2174/1874210600802010030</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessing Double Acid-Etched Implants Submitted to Orthodontic Forces and Used as Prosthetic Anchorages in Partially Edentulous Patients</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Cravero Marta</surname><given-names>Rugani</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carlos</surname><given-names>Ibañez Juan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Doctor in Dentistry and Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, República Argentina</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Doctor in Dentistry, Private Practice, Obispo Oro 414 Córdoba (5000) República Argentina</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Address correspondence to this author at the Obispo Oro 414, Cordoba, Argentina; Tel/Fax: 54-351-4680156; E-mail: <email xlink:href="dribanez@ibaimplantes.com">dribanez@ibaimplantes.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>3</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>2</month><year>2008</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Mart and Carlos; Licensee <italic>Bentham Open.</italic></copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Mart and Carlos</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><p>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</uri>),which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</p></license></permissions><abstract><sec sec-type="abstract"><title>Abstract:</title><p>The use of implants as anchorage for orthodontic forces seems to be a good alternative in partially edentulous patients needing orthodontic treatment. </p><p>This study is aimed at assessing the performance and behavior of microtextured surface endosseous implants obtained by means of a double acid etching against orthodontic forces, as well as their adequacy to be used first as anchorage and later as fixtures for the definitive prosthesis.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p> A total of 93 double acid-etched surface parallel wall implants (Osseotite® Implants, Implant Innovations Inc., Palm Beach, Florida, USA) were inserted in 38 partially edentulous patients prior to orthodontic treatment This was carried out by following two-stage surgery protocols in the maxilla as well as in the mandible.</p><p>After a healing period of six months for the maxilla and four months for the mandible, the implants were used as anchorage for sliding, compression and traction orthodontic forces between 100 to 200 g by means of Ni-TI springs.</p><p>Bone level and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) were measured before and after the introduction of the orthodontics forces.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results:</title><p> After removal of the orthodontics appliances, all the implants remained stabile and served as support for prosthetic replacement of missing teeth. The bone level showed no variationeven when a positive difference 0.02 ± 0.38mm was noticed. The RFA scored a significant difference (p≤ 0.03) between the initial Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values (66) and the final ones (68).</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusion"><title>Conclusions:</title><p> These findings showed that Osseotite implants were able to support the orthodontic forces applied during this investigation, maintaining osseointegration without significant variation in bone level. Therefore, they can be used to support dental prosthesis once they have been used as orthodontic anchorage under the cited conditions.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key Words</title><kwd>Osseointegrated implants</kwd><kwd>orthodontic forces</kwd><kwd>absolute anchorage</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-wrap><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig. (1).</label><caption><p>A diagnostic teeth setup was prepared and a wax-up was done in order to write the surgical guide</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-2-30_F1"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig. (2)</label><caption><p>Closed spring placed from the hook of the implant´s bracket (site 15) to the hook of the tooth´s bracket (tooth 13).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-2-30_F2"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig. (3)</label><caption><p>Open springs placed between the hook of the implant´s bracket (site 46) and the tooth´s bracket (tooth 47).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-2-30_F3"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Fig. (4)</label><caption><p>Bone level was determined taken standardized radiographs.One UNI-BITE® x-ray holder was used in each case after individualize it with Duralay resin in order to be able to achieve the same position before and after orthodontic forces were applied.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-2-30_F4"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Fig. (5)</label><caption><p>Pre and post peri-apical x-rays of case 7. Normal view and pseudo coloration view were bone level can be observed. An Osseotite implant was used as orthodontic anchorage in site 46. The movement of tooth number 47 was 3.6mm and the forces were acting during 90 days.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-2-30_F5"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p> Distribution of Implants According to their Width and Length</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Width and Length (mm.)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of Implants</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4x10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 14</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4x11.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 19</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4x13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 19</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5x10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 16</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5x11,5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 15</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6x10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6x11,5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p> Distribution of Implants According to Gender</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of Patients</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of Implants</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 77</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 16</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap-group id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3.</label><caption><p>Distribution of Implants According to Tooth Position and Jaw (FDI) </p></caption><table-wrap id="T3A" position="float"><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Tooth position (maxillar)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 27</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Number of implants</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> O</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td></tr></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3B" position="float"><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Tooth position (mandible)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 47</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 37</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Number of implants</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3</td></tr></table></table-wrap></table-wrap-group><table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4.</label><caption><p>Distribution of Implants According to Bone Type </p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bone Quality</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of Implants</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> I</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> II</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 49</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> III</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 35</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> IV</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" position="float"><label>Table 5.</label><caption><p>Bone Level Remodeling in Relation to Gender </p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Gender</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">N</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Mean</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">SD ±</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Minimum</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Maximum</th><th colspan="3" rowspan="1">Bone remodeling (%)</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ±0.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> -1.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 19 (25%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 57 (74%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1 (1%)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ±0.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> -0.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6 (38%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9 (56%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1 (6%)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TF5"><p>n: Number of implants.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T6" position="float"><label>Table 6.</label><caption><p>Bone Level Remodeling in Relation to Age </p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Groups According to Age</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">N</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Mean</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">SD ±</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Minimum</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Maximum</th><th colspan="3" rowspan="1">Bone remodeling (%)</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1</bold>(22-42)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ±0.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> -1.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 12 (31%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 25 (66%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1 (3%)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2 </bold>(42-53)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">- 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">±0.21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 10 (29%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 23 (68%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1 (3%)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3</bold>(53-64)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">±0.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-1.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (14%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (86%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TF6"><p> n: Number of implants.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T7" position="float"><label>Table 7.</label><caption><p> Bone Level Remodeling in Relation to Bone Type</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Bone Quality</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">N</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Mean</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">SD ±</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Minimum</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Maximum</th><th colspan="3" rowspan="1">Bone remodeling (%)</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-1.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (29%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 (69%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2%)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">III</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-0.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (20%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (77%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3%)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IV</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (29%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (71%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" 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