Education level and oral health in Finnish adults: evidence from different lifecourse models
Identifieur interne : 000143 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000142; suivant : 000144Education level and oral health in Finnish adults: evidence from different lifecourse models
Auteurs : Eduardo Bernabe [Royaume-Uni] ; Anna L. Suominen [Finlande] ; Anne Nordblad [Finlande] ; Miira M. Vehkalahti [Finlande] ; Hannu Hausen [Finlande] ; Matti Knuuttila [Finlande] ; Mika Kivim Ki [Royaume-Uni, Finlande] ; Richard G. Watt [Royaume-Uni] ; Aubrey Sheiham [Royaume-Uni] ; Georgios Tsakos [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of clinical periodontology [ 0303-6979 ] ; 2011.
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Abstract
Aim: To assess the relationship between education level and several oral health outcomes in Finnish adults, using three conceptual lifecourse models. Materials and Methods: This study analysed data from 7112 subjects, aged 30 years or over, who participated in the nationally representative Finnish Health 2000 Survey. Parental and own education levels were the childhood and adulthood socioeconomic measures, respectively. Oral health was indicated by edentulousness, perceived oral health and levels of dental caries and periodontal disease. Three conceptual lifecourse models, namely critical period, accumulation and social trajectories, were separately tested in regression models. Results: In line with the critical period model, parental and own education levels were independently associated with oral health after mutual adjustment. There was also a graded linear relationship between the number of periods of socioeconomic disadvantage and oral health, corresponding to the accumulation model. Gradual declines in oral health were evident between social trajectories from persistently high to upwardly mobile, downwardly mobile and persistently low groups. Conclusion: There was similar support for the lifecourse models of critical period, accumulation and social trajectories. They collectively contribute to a better understanding of oral health inequalities.
Affiliations:
- Finlande, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Finlande occidentale, Grand Londres, Uusimaa
- Helsinki, Londres, Turku
- University College de Londres, Université d'Helsinki, Université de Turku
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Watt</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheiham, Aubrey" sort="Sheiham, Aubrey" uniqKey="Sheiham A" first="Aubrey" last="Sheiham">Aubrey Sheiham</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsakos, Georgios" sort="Tsakos, Georgios" uniqKey="Tsakos G" first="Georgios" last="Tsakos">Georgios Tsakos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">11-0045389</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 11-0045389 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:11-0045389</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000169</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000531</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000143</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000143</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Education level and oral health in Finnish adults: evidence from different lifecourse models</title><author><name sortKey="Bernabe, Eduardo" sort="Bernabe, Eduardo" uniqKey="Bernabe E" first="Eduardo" last="Bernabe">Eduardo Bernabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suominen, Anna L" sort="Suominen, Anna L" uniqKey="Suominen A" first="Anna L." last="Suominen">Anna L. Suominen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Institute for Health and Welfare</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><wicri:noRegion>National Institute for Health and Welfare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Public Health Dentistry, University of Turku</s1><s2>Turku</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Finlande occidentale</region><settlement type="city">Turku</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Turku</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordblad, Anne" sort="Nordblad, Anne" uniqKey="Nordblad A" first="Anne" last="Nordblad">Anne Nordblad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department for Social and Health Services, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vehkalahti, Miira M" sort="Vehkalahti, Miira M" uniqKey="Vehkalahti M" first="Miira M." last="Vehkalahti">Miira M. Vehkalahti</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hausen, Hannu" sort="Hausen, Hannu" uniqKey="Hausen H" first="Hannu" last="Hausen">Hannu Hausen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu</s1><s2>Oulu</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knuuttila, Matti" sort="Knuuttila, Matti" uniqKey="Knuuttila M" first="Matti" last="Knuuttila">Matti Knuuttila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital</s1><s2>Oulu</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivim Ki, Mika" sort="Kivim Ki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivim Ki M" first="Mika" last="Kivim Ki">Mika Kivim Ki</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, University of Helsinki</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watt, Richard G" sort="Watt, Richard G" uniqKey="Watt R" first="Richard G." last="Watt">Richard G. Watt</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheiham, Aubrey" sort="Sheiham, Aubrey" uniqKey="Sheiham A" first="Aubrey" last="Sheiham">Aubrey Sheiham</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsakos, Georgios" sort="Tsakos, Georgios" uniqKey="Tsakos G" first="Georgios" last="Tsakos">Georgios Tsakos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of clinical periodontology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. clin. periodontol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0303-6979</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of clinical periodontology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. clin. periodontol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0303-6979</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Bucco-dental health</term><term>Dental carie</term><term>Dental disease</term><term>Dentistry</term><term>Education level</term><term>Finland</term><term>Oral cavity</term><term>Periodontal disease</term><term>Position</term><term>Teeth</term><term>Tooth</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pathologie dentaire</term><term>Carie dentaire</term><term>Parodontopathie</term><term>Niveau étude</term><term>Santé bucco-dentaire</term><term>Cavité buccale</term><term>Finlande</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Position</term><term>Denture</term><term>Dent</term><term>Dentisterie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Finlande</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Aim: To assess the relationship between education level and several oral health outcomes in Finnish adults, using three conceptual lifecourse models. Materials and Methods: This study analysed data from 7112 subjects, aged 30 years or over, who participated in the nationally representative Finnish Health 2000 Survey. Parental and own education levels were the childhood and adulthood socioeconomic measures, respectively. Oral health was indicated by edentulousness, perceived oral health and levels of dental caries and periodontal disease. Three conceptual lifecourse models, namely critical period, accumulation and social trajectories, were separately tested in regression models. Results: In line with the critical period model, parental and own education levels were independently associated with oral health after mutual adjustment. There was also a graded linear relationship between the number of periods of socioeconomic disadvantage and oral health, corresponding to the accumulation model. Gradual declines in oral health were evident between social trajectories from persistently high to upwardly mobile, downwardly mobile and persistently low groups. Conclusion: There was similar support for the lifecourse models of critical period, accumulation and social trajectories. They collectively contribute to a better understanding of oral health inequalities.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0303-6979</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. clin. periodontol.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>38</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>1</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Education level and oral health in Finnish adults: evidence from different lifecourse models</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>BERNABE (Eduardo)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>SUOMINEN (Anna L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>NORDBLAD (Anne)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>VEHKALAHTI (Miira M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>HAUSEN (Hannu)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>KNUUTTILA (Matti)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>KIVIMÄKI (Mika)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>WATT (Richard G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>SHEIHAM (Aubrey)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>TSAKOS (Georgios)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Institute for Health and Welfare</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Public Health Dentistry, University of Turku</s1><s2>Turku</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department for Social and Health Services, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu</s1><s2>Oulu</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital</s1><s2>Oulu</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, University of Helsinki</s1><s2>Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>25-32</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2011</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>16273</s2><s5>354000194976440040</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2011 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>3/4 p.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>11-0045389</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of clinical periodontology</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Aim: To assess the relationship between education level and several oral health outcomes in Finnish adults, using three conceptual lifecourse models. Materials and Methods: This study analysed data from 7112 subjects, aged 30 years or over, who participated in the nationally representative Finnish Health 2000 Survey. Parental and own education levels were the childhood and adulthood socioeconomic measures, respectively. Oral health was indicated by edentulousness, perceived oral health and levels of dental caries and periodontal disease. Three conceptual lifecourse models, namely critical period, accumulation and social trajectories, were separately tested in regression models. Results: In line with the critical period model, parental and own education levels were independently associated with oral health after mutual adjustment. There was also a graded linear relationship between the number of periods of socioeconomic disadvantage and oral health, corresponding to the accumulation model. Gradual declines in oral health were evident between social trajectories from persistently high to upwardly mobile, downwardly mobile and persistently low groups. Conclusion: There was similar support for the lifecourse models of critical period, accumulation and social trajectories. They collectively contribute to a better understanding of oral health inequalities.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002B10C02</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie dentaire</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Dental disease</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Diente patología</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Carie dentaire</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Dental carie</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Caries dental</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Parodontopathie</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Periodontal disease</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Parodontopatía</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Niveau étude</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Education level</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nivel estudio</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Santé bucco-dentaire</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Bucco-dental health</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Salud bucodental</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cavité buccale</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Oral cavity</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cavidad bucal</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Finlande</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Finland</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Finlandia</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Adulte</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Adult</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Adulto</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Position</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Position</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Posición</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Denture</s0><s5>16</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Teeth</s0><s5>16</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Dentado</s0><s5>16</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dent</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Tooth</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Diente</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dentisterie</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Dentistry</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Odontología</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Europe</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Europe</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Europa</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Homme</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hombre</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Stomatologie</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Stomatology</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estomatología</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fN21><s1>031</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Finlande</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Finlande occidentale</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Uusimaa</li></region><settlement><li>Helsinki</li><li>Londres</li><li>Turku</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université d'Helsinki</li><li>Université de Turku</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Bernabe, Eduardo" sort="Bernabe, Eduardo" uniqKey="Bernabe E" first="Eduardo" last="Bernabe">Eduardo Bernabe</name></region><name sortKey="Kivim Ki, Mika" sort="Kivim Ki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivim Ki M" first="Mika" last="Kivim Ki">Mika Kivim Ki</name><name sortKey="Sheiham, Aubrey" sort="Sheiham, Aubrey" uniqKey="Sheiham A" first="Aubrey" last="Sheiham">Aubrey Sheiham</name><name sortKey="Tsakos, Georgios" sort="Tsakos, Georgios" uniqKey="Tsakos G" first="Georgios" last="Tsakos">Georgios Tsakos</name><name sortKey="Watt, Richard G" sort="Watt, Richard G" uniqKey="Watt R" first="Richard G." last="Watt">Richard G. Watt</name></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Suominen, Anna L" sort="Suominen, Anna L" uniqKey="Suominen A" first="Anna L." last="Suominen">Anna L. Suominen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hausen, Hannu" sort="Hausen, Hannu" uniqKey="Hausen H" first="Hannu" last="Hausen">Hannu Hausen</name><name sortKey="Kivim Ki, Mika" sort="Kivim Ki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivim Ki M" first="Mika" last="Kivim Ki">Mika Kivim Ki</name><name sortKey="Knuuttila, Matti" sort="Knuuttila, Matti" uniqKey="Knuuttila M" first="Matti" last="Knuuttila">Matti Knuuttila</name><name sortKey="Nordblad, Anne" sort="Nordblad, Anne" uniqKey="Nordblad A" first="Anne" last="Nordblad">Anne Nordblad</name><name sortKey="Suominen, Anna L" sort="Suominen, Anna L" uniqKey="Suominen A" first="Anna L." last="Suominen">Anna L. Suominen</name><name sortKey="Vehkalahti, Miira M" sort="Vehkalahti, Miira M" uniqKey="Vehkalahti M" first="Miira M." last="Vehkalahti">Miira M. 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