Localization of mandibular canal and assessment of the remaining alveolar bone in posterior segment of the mandible with single missing tooth using cone-beam computed tomography: a cross sectional comparative study
Identifieur interne : 006F63 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 006F62; suivant : 006F64Localization of mandibular canal and assessment of the remaining alveolar bone in posterior segment of the mandible with single missing tooth using cone-beam computed tomography: a cross sectional comparative study
Auteurs : Saif Fahad Alrahaimi ; Elluru VenkateshSource :
- Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons [ 2234-7550 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Localization of the mandibular canal (MC) and measurement of the height and width of the available alveolar bone at the proposed implant site in the posterior segment of the mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with a single missing tooth.
A cross-sectional study was performed where CBCT scans of the patients with a single missing tooth in the posterior segment of the mandible—premolar, I (1st) molar, and II (2nd) molar were used. The scans were assessed using OnDemand3D software (version 1.0; CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) for localization of the MC asnd remaining alveolar bone both vertically (from the superior position of the MC to the crest of the alveolar ridge) and horizontally (buccolingual, 3 mm below the crest of the alveolar ridge). The findings were statistically analyzed using independent t-test.
A total of 120 mandibular sites (40 sites for each of the three missing premolar, I molar, and II molar) from 91 CBCT scans were analyzed. The average heights (from the alveolar crest to the superior margin of the MC) at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas were 15.19±2.12 mm, 14.53±2.34 mm, and 14.21±2.23 mm, respectively. The average widths, measured 3 mm below the crest of the alveolar ridge, at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas were 6.22±1.96 mm, 6.51±1.75 mm, and 7.60±2.08 mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females regarding the vertical and horizontal measurements of the alveolar ridges.
In the study, the measurements were averaged separately for each of the single missing teeth (premolar, I molar, or II molar), giving more accurate information for dental implant placement.
Url:
DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.2.100
PubMed: 28462194
PubMed Central: 5410421
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Localization of mandibular canal and assessment of the remaining alveolar bone in posterior segment of the mandible with single missing tooth using cone-beam computed tomography: a cross sectional comparative study</title><author><name sortKey="Alrahaimi, Saif Fahad" sort="Alrahaimi, Saif Fahad" uniqKey="Alrahaimi S" first="Saif Fahad" last="Alrahaimi">Saif Fahad Alrahaimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Periodontics, Ministry of Health, College of Dentistry, Qassim Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesh, Elluru" sort="Venkatesh, Elluru" uniqKey="Venkatesh E" first="Elluru" last="Venkatesh">Elluru Venkatesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Division of Radiology, Department of Oral, Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28462194</idno><idno type="pmc">5410421</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5410421</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5410421</idno><idno type="doi">10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.2.100</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003228</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003228</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">003228</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">003228</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000167</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000167</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">006F63</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Localization of mandibular canal and assessment of the remaining alveolar bone in posterior segment of the mandible with single missing tooth using cone-beam computed tomography: a cross sectional comparative study</title><author><name sortKey="Alrahaimi, Saif Fahad" sort="Alrahaimi, Saif Fahad" uniqKey="Alrahaimi S" first="Saif Fahad" last="Alrahaimi">Saif Fahad Alrahaimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Periodontics, Ministry of Health, College of Dentistry, Qassim Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesh, Elluru" sort="Venkatesh, Elluru" uniqKey="Venkatesh E" first="Elluru" last="Venkatesh">Elluru Venkatesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Division of Radiology, Department of Oral, Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</title><idno type="ISSN">2234-7550</idno><idno type="eISSN">2234-5930</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Localization of the mandibular canal (MC) and measurement of the height and width of the available alveolar bone at the proposed implant site in the posterior segment of the mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with a single missing tooth.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study was performed where CBCT scans of the patients with a single missing tooth in the posterior segment of the mandible—premolar, I (1st) molar, and II (2nd) molar were used. The scans were assessed using OnDemand3D software (version 1.0; CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) for localization of the MC asnd remaining alveolar bone both vertically (from the superior position of the MC to the crest of the alveolar ridge) and horizontally (buccolingual, 3 mm below the crest of the alveolar ridge). The findings were statistically analyzed using independent t-test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 120 mandibular sites (40 sites for each of the three missing premolar, I molar, and II molar) from 91 CBCT scans were analyzed. The average heights (from the alveolar crest to the superior margin of the MC) at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas were 15.19±2.12 mm, 14.53±2.34 mm, and 14.21±2.23 mm, respectively. The average widths, measured 3 mm below the crest of the alveolar ridge, at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas were 6.22±1.96 mm, 6.51±1.75 mm, and 7.60±2.08 mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females regarding the vertical and horizontal measurements of the alveolar ridges.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>In the study, the measurements were averaged separately for each of the single missing teeth (premolar, I molar, or II molar), giving more accurate information for dental implant placement.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khalifa, N" uniqKey="Khalifa N">N Khalifa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Pf" uniqKey="Allen P">PF Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Bakr, Nh" uniqKey="Abu Bakr N">NH Abu-bakr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdel Rahman, Me" uniqKey="Abdel Rahman M">ME Abdel-Rahman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cahen, Pm" uniqKey="Cahen P">PM Cahen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frank, Rm" uniqKey="Frank R">RM 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JKAOMS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2234-7550</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2234-5930</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28462194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5410421</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.2.100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Localization of mandibular canal and assessment of the remaining alveolar bone in posterior segment of the mandible with single missing tooth using cone-beam computed tomography: a cross sectional comparative study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1316-4595</contrib-id><name><surname>Alrahaimi</surname><given-names>Saif Fahad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-2514</contrib-id><name><surname>Venkatesh</surname><given-names>Elluru</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Division of Periodontics, Ministry of Health, College of Dentistry, Qassim Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Division of Radiology, Department of Oral, Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Saif Fahad Alrahaimi. Division of Periodontics, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 12025, King Abdulaziz Road, Buraydah 51431, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. TEL: +966-505132727, FAX: +966-163291349, <email>saif.fahad111@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017 The Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Localization of the mandibular canal (MC) and measurement of the height and width of the available alveolar bone at the proposed implant site in the posterior segment of the mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with a single missing tooth.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study was performed where CBCT scans of the patients with a single missing tooth in the posterior segment of the mandible—premolar, I (1st) molar, and II (2nd) molar were used. The scans were assessed using OnDemand3D software (version 1.0; CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) for localization of the MC asnd remaining alveolar bone both vertically (from the superior position of the MC to the crest of the alveolar ridge) and horizontally (buccolingual, 3 mm below the crest of the alveolar ridge). The findings were statistically analyzed using independent t-test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 120 mandibular sites (40 sites for each of the three missing premolar, I molar, and II molar) from 91 CBCT scans were analyzed. The average heights (from the alveolar crest to the superior margin of the MC) at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas were 15.19±2.12 mm, 14.53±2.34 mm, and 14.21±2.23 mm, respectively. The average widths, measured 3 mm below the crest of the alveolar ridge, at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas were 6.22±1.96 mm, 6.51±1.75 mm, and 7.60±2.08 mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females regarding the vertical and horizontal measurements of the alveolar ridges.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>In the study, the measurements were averaged separately for each of the single missing teeth (premolar, I molar, or II molar), giving more accurate information for dental implant placement.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Cone-beam computed tomography</kwd><kwd>Mandibular canal</kwd><kwd>Alveolar bone</kwd><kwd>Dental implants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><title>Axial cut of the lower left arch showing a curved line drawn through the adjacent teeth roots to produce a panoramic view.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><title>Panoramic view showing the tracing of the mandibular canal at the proposed implant placement site.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><title>Cross-sectional view showing the remaining alveolar bone of the edentulous space for tooth #46, assessed in regard to the vertical height from the superior position of the mandibular canal to the crest of the alveolar ridge (16.76 mm). Bucco-lingual width was assessed 3.00 mm below the crest of the alveolar ridge (6.63 mm).</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 4</label><caption><title>Average height in mm from the alveolar crest to the superior position of the mandibular canal at the premolar, I (1st) molar, and II (2nd) molar areas.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 5</label><caption><title>Average horizontal width in mm of the alveolar ridge in the mandible at the premolar, I (1st) molar, and II (2nd) molar areas.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 6</label><caption><title>Average distances in mm from the alveolar crest to the superior position of the mandibular canal based on gender.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 7</label><caption><title>Average horizontal width in mm of the alveolar ridge in the mandible based on gender.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-g007"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Gender wise distribution of edentulous sites (n)</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-i001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="32%" span="1"></col><col width="34%" span="1"></col><col width="34%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Location</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Gender</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Site (n)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="6" colspan="1">Mandible</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Male</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolar (11)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I (1st) molar (17)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II (2nd) molar (15)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Female</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolar (29)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I molar (23)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II molar (25)</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Average height in mm from the alveolar crest to the superior position of the mandibular canal at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-i002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="34%" span="1"></col><col width="32%" span="1"></col><col width="34%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Site</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">No. of patients</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Average height (mm)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolar</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.19±2.12</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I (1st) molar</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.53±2.34</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II (2nd) molar</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.21±2.23</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Values are presented as number or mean±standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Average horizontal width in mm of the alveolar ridge at the premolar, I molar, and II molar areas</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-i003"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="25%" span="1"></col><col width="25%" span="1"></col><col width="50%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Site</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">No. of patients</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Average horizontal width (mm)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Premolar</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.22±1.96</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I (1st) molar</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.51±1.75</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II (2nd) molar</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.60±2.08</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Values are presented as number or mean±standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><title>Independent sample test</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-i004"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)"></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)"></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Male</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Female</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Premolar</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Height (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.98±1.74</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.89±2.20</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.184</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Width (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.75±2.76</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.02±1.57</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.299</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">I (1st) molar</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Height (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.59±1.69</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.36±2.62</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.753</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Width (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.84±1.51</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.22±1.83</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.252</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">II (2nd) molar</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Height (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.68±2.26</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.93±2.20</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.307</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Width (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.82±1.55</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.47±2.36</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.617</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><title>Summary of vertical height in various similar studies in the literature</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-i005"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="18%" span="1"></col><col width="5%" span="1"></col><col width="13%" span="1"></col><col width="8%" span="1"></col><col width="23%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Reference</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Year</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Type of study</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Sample size (n)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Dentulous or edentulous</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Result (mean vertical height, mm)</th></tr><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Premolar</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">I (1st) molar</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">II (2nd) molar</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kilic et al.<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cadavers</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.63</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.07</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">de Oliveira Júnior et al.<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2011</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mix</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.10±2.52</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.40±2.65</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.70±3.41</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levine et al.<xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dentulous</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.4±3.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Watanabe et al.<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref></td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mix</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.3-17.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.3-17.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.3-17.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Feri et al.<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2004</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Linear tomography</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.87±3.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Present study</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2015</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBCT</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous (single missing tooth)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.19±2.12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.53±2.34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.21±2.23</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>(CT: computed tomography, CBCT: cone-beam computed tomography, -: data not available)</p><p>Values are presented as number only, mean±standard deviation, or range.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><title>Summary of horizontal width in various similar studies in the literature</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jkaoms-43-100-i006"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="13%" span="1"></col><col width="10%" span="1"></col><col width="10%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><col width="23%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><col width="11%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Reference</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Year</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Type of study</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Sample size (n)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Dentulous or edentulous</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Result (mean horizontal width, mm)</th></tr><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">Premolar</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">I (1st) molar</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(230,231,232)">II (2nd) molar</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Braut et al.<xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBCT</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dentulous</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Present study</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2015</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBCT</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous (single missing tooth)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.22±1.96</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.51±1.75</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.60±2.08</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>(CBCT: cone-beam computed tomography)</p><p>Values are presented as number only or mean±standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Alrahaimi, Saif Fahad" sort="Alrahaimi, Saif Fahad" uniqKey="Alrahaimi S" first="Saif Fahad" last="Alrahaimi">Saif Fahad Alrahaimi</name><name sortKey="Venkatesh, Elluru" sort="Venkatesh, Elluru" uniqKey="Venkatesh E" first="Elluru" 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