Vitamin C physiology: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks
Identifieur interne : 006329 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 006328; suivant : 006330Vitamin C physiology: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks
Auteurs : Sebastian J. Padayatty ; Mark LevineSource :
- Oral diseases [ 1354-523X ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), the antiscorbutic vitamin, cannot be synthesized by humans and other primates, and has to be obtained from diet. Ascorbic acid is an electron donor and acts as a cofactor for fifteen mammalian enzymes. Two sodium-dependent transporters are specific for ascorbic acid, and its oxidation product dehydroascorbic acid is transported by glucose transporters. Ascorbic acid is differentially accumulated by most tissues and body fluids. Plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations are dependent on amount consumed, bioavailability, renal excretion, and utilization. To be biologically meaningful or to be clinically relevant, in vitro and in vivo studies of vitamin C actions have to take into account physiologic concentrations of the vitamin. In this paper, we review vitamin C physiology; the many phenomena involving vitamin C where new knowledge has accrued or where understanding remains limited; raise questions about the vitamin that remain to be answered; and explore lines of investigations that are likely to be fruitful.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12446
PubMed: 26808119
PubMed Central: 4959991
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), the antiscorbutic vitamin, cannot be
synthesized by humans and other primates, and has to be obtained from diet.
Ascorbic acid is an electron donor and acts as a cofactor for fifteen mammalian
enzymes. Two sodium-dependent transporters are specific for ascorbic acid, and
its oxidation product dehydroascorbic acid is transported by glucose
transporters. Ascorbic acid is differentially accumulated by most tissues and
body fluids. Plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations are dependent on amount
consumed, bioavailability, renal excretion, and utilization. To be biologically
meaningful or to be clinically relevant, in vitro and in vivo studies of vitamin
C actions have to take into account physiologic concentrations of the vitamin.
In this paper, we review vitamin C physiology; the many phenomena involving
vitamin C where new knowledge has accrued or where understanding remains
limited; raise questions about the vitamin that remain to be answered; and
explore lines of investigations that are likely to be fruitful.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</record>
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