Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence
Identifieur interne : 00BC81 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 00BC80; suivant : 00BC82Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence
Auteurs : A. V. Milewski [États-Unis] ; Truman P. Young [États-Unis] ; Derek Madden [États-Unis]Source :
- Oecologia [ 0029-8549 ] ; 1991-03-01.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : écologie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acacia, Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia seyal, Acacia species, Acacia thorns, Acacia trees, Acacia xanthophloea, Academic press, Branch height, Branch length, Branch pair, Branch pairs, Control branches, Dagg, East africa, Ecology, Experimental branches, Field museum, Giraffa camelopardalis, Giraffe, Giraffe dung, Giraffe herbivory, Greater density, Greater herbivory, Herbivore, Herbivore numbers, Herbivory, Higher branches, Intact branches, Leaf length, Long thorns, Nairobi, Natural experiments, Natural history, Oecologia, Other hand, Pellew, Plant parts, Plant spinescence, Representative thorns, Research camp, Same plants, Sample sizes, Seyal, Short thorns, Standard error, Stinging hairs, Study site, Thorn, Thorn density, Thorn length, Wild population, Xanthophloea, Xanthophloea trees.
- Teeft :
- Acacia, Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia seyal, Acacia species, Acacia thorns, Acacia trees, Acacia xanthophloea, Academic press, Branch height, Branch length, Branch pair, Branch pairs, Control branches, Dagg, East africa, Ecology, Experimental branches, Field museum, Giraffa camelopardalis, Giraffe, Giraffe dung, Giraffe herbivory, Greater density, Greater herbivory, Herbivore, Herbivore numbers, Herbivory, Higher branches, Intact branches, Leaf length, Long thorns, Nairobi, Natural experiments, Natural history, Oecologia, Other hand, Pellew, Plant parts, Plant spinescence, Representative thorns, Research camp, Same plants, Sample sizes, Seyal, Short thorns, Standard error, Stinging hairs, Study site, Thorn, Thorn density, Thorn length, Wild population, Xanthophloea, Xanthophloea trees.
Abstract
Summary: We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF00317391
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ISTEX:F8FB042C29D794511F3EE1A68FDBA9DC9E56AB1DLe document en format XML
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<term>Acacia seyal</term>
<term>Acacia species</term>
<term>Acacia thorns</term>
<term>Acacia trees</term>
<term>Acacia xanthophloea</term>
<term>Academic press</term>
<term>Branch height</term>
<term>Branch length</term>
<term>Branch pair</term>
<term>Branch pairs</term>
<term>Control branches</term>
<term>Dagg</term>
<term>East africa</term>
<term>Ecology</term>
<term>Experimental branches</term>
<term>Field museum</term>
<term>Giraffa camelopardalis</term>
<term>Giraffe</term>
<term>Giraffe dung</term>
<term>Giraffe herbivory</term>
<term>Greater density</term>
<term>Greater herbivory</term>
<term>Herbivore</term>
<term>Herbivore numbers</term>
<term>Herbivory</term>
<term>Higher branches</term>
<term>Intact branches</term>
<term>Leaf length</term>
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<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Oecologia</term>
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<term>Research camp</term>
<term>Same plants</term>
<term>Sample sizes</term>
<term>Seyal</term>
<term>Short thorns</term>
<term>Standard error</term>
<term>Stinging hairs</term>
<term>Study site</term>
<term>Thorn</term>
<term>Thorn density</term>
<term>Thorn length</term>
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<term>Xanthophloea</term>
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<term>Branch pair</term>
<term>Branch pairs</term>
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<term>Experimental branches</term>
<term>Field museum</term>
<term>Giraffa camelopardalis</term>
<term>Giraffe</term>
<term>Giraffe dung</term>
<term>Giraffe herbivory</term>
<term>Greater density</term>
<term>Greater herbivory</term>
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<term>Herbivore numbers</term>
<term>Herbivory</term>
<term>Higher branches</term>
<term>Intact branches</term>
<term>Leaf length</term>
<term>Long thorns</term>
<term>Nairobi</term>
<term>Natural experiments</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Oecologia</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Pellew</term>
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<term>Plant spinescence</term>
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<term>Research camp</term>
<term>Same plants</term>
<term>Sample sizes</term>
<term>Seyal</term>
<term>Short thorns</term>
<term>Standard error</term>
<term>Stinging hairs</term>
<term>Study site</term>
<term>Thorn</term>
<term>Thorn density</term>
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<term>Wild population</term>
<term>Xanthophloea</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Summary: We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.</div>
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