Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence
Identifieur interne : 007B36 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 007B35; suivant : 007B37Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence
Auteurs : A. V. Milewski ; Truman P. Young ; Derek MaddenSource :
- Oecologia [ 0029-8549 ] ; 1991-03-01.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acacia, Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia seyal, Acacia species, Acacia thorns, Acacia trees, Acacia xanthophloea, Academic press, Branch height, Branch length, Branch pair, Branch pairs, Control branches, Dagg, East africa, Ecology, Experimental branches, Field museum, Giraffa camelopardalis, Giraffe, Giraffe dung, Giraffe herbivory, Greater density, Greater herbivory, Herbivore, Herbivore numbers, Herbivory, Higher branches, Intact branches, Leaf length, Long thorns, Nairobi, Natural experiments, Natural history, Oecologia, Other hand, Pellew, Plant parts, Plant spinescence, Representative thorns, Research camp, Same plants, Sample sizes, Seyal, Short thorns, Standard error, Stinging hairs, Study site, Thorn, Thorn density, Thorn length, Wild population, Xanthophloea, Xanthophloea trees.
- Teeft :
- Acacia, Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia seyal, Acacia species, Acacia thorns, Acacia trees, Acacia xanthophloea, Academic press, Branch height, Branch length, Branch pair, Branch pairs, Control branches, Dagg, East africa, Ecology, Experimental branches, Field museum, Giraffa camelopardalis, Giraffe, Giraffe dung, Giraffe herbivory, Greater density, Greater herbivory, Herbivore, Herbivore numbers, Herbivory, Higher branches, Intact branches, Leaf length, Long thorns, Nairobi, Natural experiments, Natural history, Oecologia, Other hand, Pellew, Plant parts, Plant spinescence, Representative thorns, Research camp, Same plants, Sample sizes, Seyal, Short thorns, Standard error, Stinging hairs, Study site, Thorn, Thorn density, Thorn length, Wild population, Xanthophloea, Xanthophloea trees.
Abstract
Summary: We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF00317391
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:F8FB042C29D794511F3EE1A68FDBA9DC9E56AB1DLe document en format XML
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V. Milewski</name><affiliations><json:string>School for Field Studies, 16 Broadway, 01915, Beverly, MA, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Truman P. Young</name><affiliations><json:string>School for Field Studies, 16 Broadway, 01915, Beverly, MA, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Derek Madden</name><affiliations><json:string>School for Field Studies, 16 Broadway, 01915, Beverly, MA, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>BF00317391</json:string><json:string>Art11</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/1BB-NTJBDL4M-V</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Summary: We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.102</score><pdfWordCount>4674</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>24549</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>597.28 x 785 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>119</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>789</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence</title><pmid><json:string>28313160</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Oecologia</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1991</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1991</copyrightDate><issn><json:string>0029-8549</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1432-1939</json:string></eissn><journalId><json:string>442</json:string></journalId><volume>86</volume><issue>1</issue><pages><first>70</first><last>75</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Ecology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Plant Sciences</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1987</json:string><json:string>1990-04-09</json:string></date><geogName><json:string>Acacia</json:string></geogName><orgName><json:string>Department of Biology, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, CA</json:string><json:string>Department of Zool</json:string><json:string>Nairobi National Park</json:string><json:string>Wildlife Ranching and Research, Inc</json:string><json:string>Lawrence University Kenya Program</json:string><json:string>Department of Botany of the University of California</json:string><json:string>Department of Botany, University of California, Davis, CA</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>J.B. 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Siegel</json:string><json:string>L.S. Beck</json:string><json:string>R. Karban</json:string><json:string>S.E. Tuttle</json:string><json:string>M. Schustek</json:string><json:string>A.D. Strauss</json:string><json:string>M.E. Kennedy</json:string><json:string>T. Martini</json:string><json:string>P.J. Tilley</json:string><json:string>D. Okseuberg</json:string><json:string>K. Hutt</json:string><json:string>R. Ruggiero</json:string><json:string>E. Gibbs</json:string><json:string>K. Bowes</json:string><json:string>K. Caggiano</json:string><json:string>L. Isbell</json:string><json:string>M. Christina</json:string><json:string>F.H. Fisher</json:string><json:string>J.C.C. Neale</json:string><json:string>C. Carey</json:string><json:string>A. Becker</json:string><json:string>P. Robinson</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>IL</json:string><json:string>Kenya</json:string><json:string>Nairobi</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Janzen 1986</json:string><json:string>June-August 1987</json:string><json:string>Potter and Kimmerer (1988)</json:string><json:string>Dagg and Foster 1982</json:string><json:string>Supnick 1983</json:string><json:string>Du Toit et al. 1990</json:string><json:string>June 1987</json:string><json:string>Du Toit 1990</json:string><json:string>Potter and Kimmerer 1988</json:string><json:string>Pollard 1989</json:string><json:string>Kingdon 1979</json:string><json:string>Hillman and Hillman 1977</json:string><json:string>Wyatt 1969</json:string><json:string>Young 1987</json:string><json:string>Pullin and Gilbert 1989</json:string><json:string>Cooper and Owen-Smith (1986)</json:string><json:string>Owen-Smith and Cooper 1987</json:string><json:string>Young and Isbell 1991</json:string><json:string>Pellew 1984</json:string><json:string>Foster and Dagg 1972</json:string><json:string>Leuthold and Leuthold 1972</json:string><json:string>White 1988</json:string><json:string>Myers 1987</json:string><json:string>Young and Smith 1991</json:string><json:string>Madden 1988</json:string><json:string>Myers (1989)</json:string><json:string>Walker et al. 1987</json:string><json:string>Hofmann 1973</json:string><json:string>Abrahamson 1979</json:string><json:string>July 1988</json:string><json:string>Myers and Bazely 1991</json:string><json:string>Pellew 1983</json:string><json:string>Pollard and Briggs 1984</json:string><json:string>Owen-Smith 1988</json:string><json:string>Caughley 1976</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/1BB-NTJBDL4M-V</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - 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Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Life Sciences</head><item><term>Ecology</term></item><item><term>Plant Sciences</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1990-04-09">Created</change><change when="1991-03-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2017-10-3">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F8FB042C29D794511F3EE1A68FDBA9DC9E56AB1D/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" 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IssueType="Regular"><IssueInfo TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>1</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>1</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>25</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><CoverDate><Year>1991</Year><Month>3</Month></CoverDate></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1991</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="Art11"><ArticleInfo Language="En" ArticleType="OriginalPaper" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0" ContainsESM="No"><ArticleID>BF00317391</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/BF00317391</ArticleDOI><ArticleSequenceNumber>11</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En">Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence</ArticleTitle><ArticleCategory>Original Papers</ArticleCategory><ArticleFirstPage>70</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>75</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2004</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>26</Day></RegistrationDate><Received><Year>1990</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>9</Day></Received><Accepted><Year>1990</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>24</Day></Accepted></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1991</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants><ArticleContext><JournalID>442</JournalID><VolumeIDStart>86</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>86</VolumeIDEnd><IssueIDStart>1</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>1</IssueIDEnd></ArticleContext></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1" PresentAffiliationID="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>A.</GivenName><GivenName>V.</GivenName><FamilyName>Milewski</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1" PresentAffiliationID="Aff3"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Truman</GivenName><GivenName>P.</GivenName><FamilyName>Young</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1" PresentAffiliationID="Aff4"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Derek</GivenName><FamilyName>Madden</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgName>School for Field Studies</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>16 Broadway</Street><Postcode>01915</Postcode><City>Beverly</City><State>MA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgDivision>Division of Mammals, Department of Zoology</OrgDivision><OrgName>Field Museum of Natural History</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive</Street><Postcode>60605</Postcode><City>Chicago</City><State>IL</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgDivision>Department of Botany</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postcode>95616</Postcode><City>Davis</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff4"><OrgDivision>Department of Biology</OrgDivision><OrgName>Modesto Junior College</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postcode>95355</Postcode><City>Modesto</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Summary</Heading><Para>We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia seyal</Emphasis> plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Key words</Heading><Keyword>Induced defense</Keyword><Keyword>Spinescence</Keyword><Keyword>Thorns</Keyword><Keyword>Giraffe</Keyword><Keyword>Herbivory</Keyword></KeywordGroup><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>No significance should be attached to order of authorship</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="given">V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Milewski</namePart><affiliation>School for Field Studies, 16 Broadway, 01915, Beverly, MA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Truman</namePart><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Young</namePart><affiliation>School for Field Studies, 16 Broadway, 01915, Beverly, MA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Derek</namePart><namePart type="family">Madden</namePart><affiliation>School for Field Studies, 16 Broadway, 01915, Beverly, MA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin/Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">1990-04-09</dateCreated><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1991-03-01</dateIssued><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1991</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1991</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Summary: We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.</abstract><note>Original Papers</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Oecologia</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Oecologia</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal" authority="ISTEX" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1991-03-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1991</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Life Sciences</genre><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0029-8549</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1432-1939</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">442</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">25</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">4</identifier><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><number>86</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>70</start><end>75</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1991</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F8FB042C29D794511F3EE1A68FDBA9DC9E56AB1D</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/1BB-NTJBDL4M-V</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF00317391</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF00317391</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art11</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag, 1991</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-3XSW68JL-F">springer</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1991</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F8FB042C29D794511F3EE1A68FDBA9DC9E56AB1D/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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