A New Species of Nyanzachoerus (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae) from the Late Miocene Toros-Ménalla, Chad, Central Africa
Identifieur interne : 000758 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000757; suivant : 000759A New Species of Nyanzachoerus (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae) from the Late Miocene Toros-Ménalla, Chad, Central Africa
Auteurs : Jean-Renaud Boisserie [France] ; Antoine Souron [France, États-Unis] ; Hassane Taïsso Mackaye [Tchad] ; Andossa Likius [Tchad] ; Patrick Vignaud [France] ; Michel Brunet [France]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
During the latest Miocene and the early Pliocene, tetraconodontine suids were the most predominant large omnivorous mammals in Africa. Yet, new species were often identified on the grounds of limited evidence, a situation impacting their value for biochronological correlations as well as for environmental and biogeographical reconstructions. The description of the most abundant known collection of craniodental remains attributed to the tetraconodontine
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103221
PubMed: 25162699
PubMed Central: 4146473
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A New Species of <italic>Nyanzachoerus</italic> (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae) from the Late Miocene Toros-Ménalla, Chad, Central Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Boisserie, Jean Renaud" sort="Boisserie, Jean Renaud" uniqKey="Boisserie J" first="Jean-Renaud" last="Boisserie">Jean-Renaud Boisserie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Souron, Antoine" sort="Souron, Antoine" uniqKey="Souron A" first="Antoine" last="Souron">Antoine Souron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackaye, Hassane Taisso" sort="Mackaye, Hassane Taisso" uniqKey="Mackaye H" first="Hassane Taïsso" last="Mackaye">Hassane Taïsso Mackaye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tchad</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Likius, Andossa" sort="Likius, Andossa" uniqKey="Likius A" first="Andossa" last="Likius">Andossa Likius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tchad</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vignaud, Patrick" sort="Vignaud, Patrick" uniqKey="Vignaud P" first="Patrick" last="Vignaud">Patrick Vignaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunet, Michel" sort="Brunet, Michel" uniqKey="Brunet M" first="Michel" last="Brunet">Michel Brunet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Chaire de Paléontologie Humaine, Collège de France, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Chaire de Paléontologie Humaine, Collège de France, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25162699</idno><idno type="pmc">4146473</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4146473</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4146473</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0103221</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000758</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000758</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000758</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000758</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A New Species of <italic>Nyanzachoerus</italic> (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae) from the Late Miocene Toros-Ménalla, Chad, Central Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Boisserie, Jean Renaud" sort="Boisserie, Jean Renaud" uniqKey="Boisserie J" first="Jean-Renaud" last="Boisserie">Jean-Renaud Boisserie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Souron, Antoine" sort="Souron, Antoine" uniqKey="Souron A" first="Antoine" last="Souron">Antoine Souron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackaye, Hassane Taisso" sort="Mackaye, Hassane Taisso" uniqKey="Mackaye H" first="Hassane Taïsso" last="Mackaye">Hassane Taïsso Mackaye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tchad</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Likius, Andossa" sort="Likius, Andossa" uniqKey="Likius A" first="Andossa" last="Likius">Andossa Likius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tchad</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vignaud, Patrick" sort="Vignaud, Patrick" uniqKey="Vignaud P" first="Patrick" last="Vignaud">Patrick Vignaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunet, Michel" sort="Brunet, Michel" uniqKey="Brunet M" first="Michel" last="Brunet">Michel Brunet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Chaire de Paléontologie Humaine, Collège de France, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Chaire de Paléontologie Humaine, Collège de France, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>During the latest Miocene and the early Pliocene, tetraconodontine suids were the most predominant large omnivorous mammals in Africa. Yet, new species were often identified on the grounds of limited evidence, a situation impacting their value for biochronological correlations as well as for environmental and biogeographical reconstructions. The description of the most abundant known collection of craniodental remains attributed to the tetraconodontine <italic>Nyanzachoerus</italic> helps to improve this situation. These specimens were collected in the upper Miocene deposits at Toros-Ménalla, northern Chad, central Africa, by the Mission Paléoanthropologique Franco-Tchadienne. We compared them with <italic>Nyanzachoerus</italic> from eastern and southern Africa, using extant species as a reference for patterns of morphological variation. Thanks to a large sample of observations, our work focused as much on craniomandibular morphology as on dental morphology and metrics (improved by an index scoring for the complexity of distal third molars and a detailed investigation of premolar-molar ratios). We recognized two taxa at Toros-Ménalla: <italic>Nyanzachoerus khinzir</italic> nov. sp. and <italic>Ny.</italic> cf. <italic>australis</italic>. We also revised the taxonomic status for other species, including: the restriction of <italic>Ny. syrticus</italic> to its holotype specimen from Sahabi (Libya), the resurrection of the nomen <italic>Ny. tulotos</italic>, and the synonymy of <italic>Ny. kuseralensis</italic> with <italic>Ny. waylandi</italic>. At Toros-Ménalla, <italic>Ny. khinzir</italic> was the only suid coexisting with the anthracotheriid <italic>Libycosaurus</italic> and the hominid <italic>Sahelanthropus</italic>, whereas <italic>Ny.</italic> cf. <italic>australis</italic> was associated with a different, probably younger faunal context. <italic>Nyanzachoerus. khinzir</italic>, which probably had a diversified diet, supports a latest Miocene biogeographical distinction between central Africa and eastern Africa.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cooke, Hbs" uniqKey="Cooke H">HBS Cooke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harris, Jm" uniqKey="Harris J">JM Harris</name></author><author><name sortKey="White, Td" uniqKey="White T">TD White</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, Td" uniqKey="White T">TD 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25162699</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4146473</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-09026</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0103221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Comparative Anatomy</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Paleoecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Systematics</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Animals</subject><subj-group><subject>Vertebrates</subject><subj-group><subject>Mammals</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Prehistoric Animals</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Biogeography</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Paleontology</subject><subj-group><subject>Biostratigraphy</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Paleobiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Animal Taxonomy</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Zoology</subject><subj-group><subject>Mammalogy</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A New Species of <italic>Nyanzachoerus</italic> (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae) from the Late Miocene Toros-Ménalla, Chad, Central Africa</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Late Miocene Suids from Toros-Ménalla, Chad</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boisserie</surname><given-names>Jean-Renaud</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Souron</surname><given-names>Antoine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mackaye</surname><given-names>Hassane Taïsso</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Likius</surname><given-names>Andossa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vignaud</surname><given-names>Patrick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brunet</surname><given-names>Michel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Institut de paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Évolution et Paléoenvironnements UMR 7262, CNRS and Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Département de Paléontologie, Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Chaire de Paléontologie Humaine, Collège de France, Paris, France</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Rook</surname><given-names>Lorenzo</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>University of Florence, Italy</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>jean.renaud.boisserie@univ-poitiers.fr</email></corresp><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: JRB PV MB. Performed the experiments: JRB AS. Analyzed the data: JRB AS MB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JRB AS HTM AL PV MB. Wrote the paper: JRB.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>8</issue><elocation-id>e103221</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Boisserie et al</copyright-holder><license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>During the latest Miocene and the early Pliocene, tetraconodontine suids were the most predominant large omnivorous mammals in Africa. Yet, new species were often identified on the grounds of limited evidence, a situation impacting their value for biochronological correlations as well as for environmental and biogeographical reconstructions. The description of the most abundant known collection of craniodental remains attributed to the tetraconodontine <italic>Nyanzachoerus</italic> helps to improve this situation. These specimens were collected in the upper Miocene deposits at Toros-Ménalla, northern Chad, central Africa, by the Mission Paléoanthropologique Franco-Tchadienne. We compared them with <italic>Nyanzachoerus</italic> from eastern and southern Africa, using extant species as a reference for patterns of morphological variation. Thanks to a large sample of observations, our work focused as much on craniomandibular morphology as on dental morphology and metrics (improved by an index scoring for the complexity of distal third molars and a detailed investigation of premolar-molar ratios). We recognized two taxa at Toros-Ménalla: <italic>Nyanzachoerus khinzir</italic> nov. sp. and <italic>Ny.</italic> cf. <italic>australis</italic>. We also revised the taxonomic status for other species, including: the restriction of <italic>Ny. syrticus</italic> to its holotype specimen from Sahabi (Libya), the resurrection of the nomen <italic>Ny. tulotos</italic>, and the synonymy of <italic>Ny. kuseralensis</italic> with <italic>Ny. waylandi</italic>. At Toros-Ménalla, <italic>Ny. khinzir</italic> was the only suid coexisting with the anthracotheriid <italic>Libycosaurus</italic> and the hominid <italic>Sahelanthropus</italic>, whereas <italic>Ny.</italic> cf. <italic>australis</italic> was associated with a different, probably younger faunal context. <italic>Nyanzachoerus. khinzir</italic>, which probably had a diversified diet, supports a latest Miocene biogeographical distinction between central Africa and eastern Africa.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>The funders of our work are: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (latest funding: ANR-09-BLAN-0238, PI: M. Brunet); French Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (DCUR/RECH in Paris, French Embassy in Chad, FSP n° 2005-54 of the Franco-Chadian cooperation); Région Poitou-Charentes ; Revealing Hominid Origins Initiative (U.S. National Science Foundation Award #BCS-0321893); European Union Synthesis program (grant GB-TAF 886 to AS for work at NHM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><page-count count="22"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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