Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?
Identifieur interne : 000552 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000551; suivant : 000553Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?
Auteurs : Mara Lúcia Macedo Paizan ; José Fernando Vilela-MartinSource :
- Current Cardiology Reviews [ 1573-403X ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths. Also, cardiovascular risk factors start the atherosclerotic process, which leads to cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, periodontal disease can also be considered another cardiovascular risk factor. It involves inflammatory, immunological and humoral activities, which induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the destruction of the epithelium. This allows the entry of endotoxins and exotoxins in the bloodstream, which may contribute to atherogenesis and thromboembolic events. There is also direct invasion of the vessel wall by oral pathogens, triggering an inflammatory response that produces endothelial dysfunction. In hypertension, changes in microcirculation can cause ischemia in the periodontium, which favors periodontal disease. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the development of lesions in target organs. Periodontitis has also been associated with insulin resistance and a higher risk for the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by oxidative stress. This seems to act as a common link to explain the relationship between each component of the metabolic syndrome (including hypertension) and periodontitis. This article will discuss clinical and experimental evidence, as well as possible pathophysiologic mechanisms and links involved in the relationship among periodontal disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Url:
DOI: 10.2174/1573403X10666140416094901
PubMed: 24739001
PubMed Central: 4101200
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4101200Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en"> Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?</title><author><name sortKey="Paizan, Mara Lucia Macedo" sort="Paizan, Mara Lucia Macedo" uniqKey="Paizan M" first="Mara Lúcia Macedo" last="Paizan">Mara Lúcia Macedo Paizan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vilela Martin, Jose Fernando" sort="Vilela Martin, Jose Fernando" uniqKey="Vilela Martin J" first="José Fernando" last="Vilela-Martin">José Fernando Vilela-Martin</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24739001</idno><idno type="pmc">4101200</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4101200</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4101200</idno><idno type="doi">10.2174/1573403X10666140416094901</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000524</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000524</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000524</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000524</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000552</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000552</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main"> Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?</title><author><name sortKey="Paizan, Mara Lucia Macedo" sort="Paizan, Mara Lucia Macedo" uniqKey="Paizan M" first="Mara Lúcia Macedo" last="Paizan">Mara Lúcia Macedo Paizan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vilela Martin, Jose Fernando" sort="Vilela Martin, Jose Fernando" uniqKey="Vilela Martin J" first="José Fernando" last="Vilela-Martin">José Fernando Vilela-Martin</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Current Cardiology Reviews</title><idno type="ISSN">1573-403X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1875-6557</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths. Also, cardiovascular risk factors start the atherosclerotic process, which leads to cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, periodontal disease can also be considered another cardiovascular risk factor. It involves inflammatory, immunological and humoral activities, which induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the destruction of the epithelium. This allows the entry of endotoxins and exotoxins in the bloodstream, which may contribute to atherogenesis and thromboembolic events. There is also direct invasion of the vessel wall by oral pathogens, triggering an inflammatory response that produces endothelial dysfunction. In hypertension, changes in microcirculation can cause ischemia in the periodontium, which favors periodontal disease. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the development of lesions in target organs. Periodontitis has also been associated with insulin resistance and a higher risk for the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by oxidative stress. This seems to act as a common link to explain the relationship between each component of the metabolic syndrome (including hypertension) and periodontitis. This article will discuss clinical and experimental evidence, as well as possible pathophysiologic mechanisms and links involved in the relationship among periodontal disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. </p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanz, M" uniqKey="Sanz M">M Sanz</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Iuto, F" uniqKey="D Iuto F">F D’Aiuto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deanfield, J" uniqKey="Deanfield J">J Deanfield</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Aviles, F" uniqKey="Fernandez Aviles F">F Fernandez-Avilés</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, P" uniqKey="Bouchard P">P Bouchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boutouyrie, P" uniqKey="Boutouyrie P">P Boutouyrie</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Iuto, F" uniqKey="D Iuto F">F D’Aiuto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Humphrey, Ll" uniqKey="Humphrey L">LL Humphrey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, R" uniqKey="Fu R">R Fu</name></author><author><name sortKey="David, I" uniqKey="David I">I David</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bahekar, Aa" uniqKey="Bahekar A">AA Bahekar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, S" uniqKey="Singh S">S Singh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saha, S" uniqKey="Saha S">S Saha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Molnar, J" uniqKey="Molnar J">J Molnar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, R" uniqKey="Arora R">R Arora</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hujoel, Pp" uniqKey="Hujoel P">PP Hujoel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drangsholt, M" uniqKey="Drangsholt M">M Drangsholt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spiekerman, C" uniqKey="Spiekerman C">C Spiekerman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derouen, Ta" uniqKey="Derouen T">TA DeRouen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Destefano, F" uniqKey="Destefano F">F DeStefano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anda, Rf" uniqKey="Anda R">RF Anda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Hs" uniqKey="Kahn H">HS Kahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, Df" uniqKey="Williamson D">DF Williamson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, Cm" uniqKey="Russell C">CM Russell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beck, Jd" uniqKey="Beck J">JD Beck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Offenbacher, S" uniqKey="Offenbacher S">S Offenbacher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yw" uniqKey="Chen Y">YW Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Umeda, M" uniqKey="Umeda M">M Umeda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagasawa, T" uniqKey="Nagasawa T">T Nagasawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsioufis, C" uniqKey="Tsioufis C">C Tsioufis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kasiakogias, A" uniqKey="Kasiakogias A">A Kasiakogias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomopoulos, C" uniqKey="Thomopoulos C">C Thomopoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stefanadis, C" uniqKey="Stefanadis C">C Stefanadis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Go, As" uniqKey="Go A">AS Go</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mozaffarian, D" uniqKey="Mozaffarian D">D Mozaffarian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Vl" uniqKey="Roger V">VL Roger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cipullo, Jp" uniqKey="Cipullo J">JP Cipullo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Jf" uniqKey="Martin J">JF Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ciorlia, La" uniqKey="Ciorlia L">LA Ciorlia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bronner, Ll" uniqKey="Bronner L">LL Bronner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanter, Ds" uniqKey="Kanter D">DS Kanter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manson, Je" uniqKey="Manson J">JE Manson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="He, J" uniqKey="He J">J He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whelton, Pk" uniqKey="Whelton P">PK Whelton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tavares, A" uniqKey="Tavares A">A Tavares</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brandao, Aa" uniqKey="Brandao A">AA Brandão</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanjuliani, Af" uniqKey="Sanjuliani A">AF Sanjuliani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Albandar, Jm" uniqKey="Albandar J">JM Albandar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rams, Te" uniqKey="Rams T">TE Rams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joshipura, Kj" uniqKey="Joshipura K">KJ Joshipura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Hc" uniqKey="Hung H">HC Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rimm, Eb" uniqKey="Rimm E">EB Rimm</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taguchi, A" uniqKey="Taguchi A">A Taguchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanada, M" uniqKey="Sanada M">M Sanada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suei, Y" uniqKey="Suei Y">Y Suei</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Nardin, E" uniqKey="De Nardin E">E De Nardin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loos, Bg" uniqKey="Loos B">BG Loos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Craandijk, J" uniqKey="Craandijk J">J Craandijk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoek, Fj" uniqKey="Hoek F">FJ Hoek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Passoja, A" uniqKey="Passoja A">A Passoja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Puijola, I" uniqKey="Puijola I">I Puijola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knuuttila, M" uniqKey="Knuuttila M">M Knuuttila</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bizzarro, S" uniqKey="Bizzarro S">S Bizzarro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Velden, U" uniqKey="Van Der Velden U">U van der Velden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ten Heggeler, Jm" uniqKey="Ten Heggeler J">JM ten Heggeler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwahn, C" uniqKey="Schwahn C">C Schwahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, H" uniqKey="Volzke H">H Völzke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Dm" uniqKey="Robinson D">DM Robinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Soder, Po" uniqKey="Soder P">PO Söder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meurman, Jh" uniqKey="Meurman J">JH Meurman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jogestrand, T" uniqKey="Jogestrand T">T Jogestrand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lockhart, Pb" uniqKey="Lockhart P">PB Lockhart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bolger, Af" uniqKey="Bolger A">AF Bolger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Papapanou, Pn" uniqKey="Papapanou P">PN Papapanou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Castelli, Wa" uniqKey="Castelli W">WA Castelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz Perez, R" uniqKey="Diaz Perez R">R Diaz-Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nasjleti, Ce" uniqKey="Nasjleti C">CE Nasjleti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caffesse, Rg" uniqKey="Caffesse R">RG Caffesse</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Angeli, F" uniqKey="Angeli F">F Angeli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verdecchia, P" uniqKey="Verdecchia P">P Verdecchia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pellegrino, C" uniqKey="Pellegrino C">C Pellegrino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Franek, E" uniqKey="Franek E">E Franek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klamczynska, E" uniqKey="Klamczynska E">E Klamczynska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ganowicz, E" uniqKey="Ganowicz E">E Ganowicz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Franek, E" uniqKey="Franek E">E Franek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Napora, M" uniqKey="Napora M">M Napora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blach, A" uniqKey="Blach A">A Blach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Inoue, K" uniqKey="Inoue K">K Inoue</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kobayashi, Y" uniqKey="Kobayashi Y">Y Kobayashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanamura, H" uniqKey="Hanamura H">H Hanamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toyokawa, S" uniqKey="Toyokawa S">S Toyokawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holmlund, A" uniqKey="Holmlund A">A Holmlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holm, G" uniqKey="Holm G">G Holm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, L" uniqKey="Lind L">L Lind</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Desvarieux, M" uniqKey="Desvarieux M">M Desvarieux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demmer, Rt" uniqKey="Demmer R">RT Demmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs Jr, Dr" uniqKey="Jacobs Jr D">DR Jacobs Jr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsakos, G" uniqKey="Tsakos G">G Tsakos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sabbah, W" uniqKey="Sabbah W">W Sabbah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Adetal" uniqKey="Hingorani A">ADetal Hingorani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Volzke, H" uniqKey="Volzke H">H Völzke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwahn, C" uniqKey="Schwahn C">C Schwahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorr, M" uniqKey="Dorr M">M Dörr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ross, R" uniqKey="Ross R">R Ross</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amar, S" uniqKey="Amar S">S Amar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gokce, N" uniqKey="Gokce N">N Gokce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, S" uniqKey="Morgan S">S Morgan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Higashi, Y" uniqKey="Higashi Y">Y Higashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goto, C" uniqKey="Goto C">C Goto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jitsuiki, D" uniqKey="Jitsuiki D">D Jitsuiki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tonetti, Ms" uniqKey="Tonetti M">MS Tonetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Iuto, F" uniqKey="D Iuto F">F D’Aiuto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nibali, L" uniqKey="Nibali L">L Nibali</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fujioka, D" uniqKey="Fujioka D">D Fujioka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, S" uniqKey="Nakamura S">S Nakamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshino, H" uniqKey="Yoshino H">H Yoshino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pradeep, Ar" uniqKey="Pradeep A">AR Pradeep</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guruprasad, Cn" uniqKey="Guruprasad C">CN Guruprasad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swati, P" uniqKey="Swati P">P Swati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shikha, C" uniqKey="Shikha C">C Shikha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsioufis, C" uniqKey="Tsioufis C">C Tsioufis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomopoulos, C" uniqKey="Thomopoulos C">C Thomopoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soldatos, N" uniqKey="Soldatos N">N Soldatos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vlachopoulos, C" uniqKey="Vlachopoulos C">C Vlachopoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dima, I" uniqKey="Dima I">I Dima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aznaouridis, K" uniqKey="Aznaouridis K">K Aznaouridis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amar, J" uniqKey="Amar J">J Amar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bieler, L" uniqKey="Bieler L">L Bieler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benguigui, C" uniqKey="Benguigui C">C Benguigui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="D Iuto, F" uniqKey="D Iuto F">F D’Aiuto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nibali, L" uniqKey="Nibali L">L Nibali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parkar, M" uniqKey="Parkar M">M Parkar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brock, Gr" uniqKey="Brock G">GR Brock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butterworth, Cj" uniqKey="Butterworth C">CJ Butterworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matthews, Jb" uniqKey="Matthews J">JB Matthews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chapple, Il" uniqKey="Chapple I">IL Chapple</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Touyz, Rm" uniqKey="Touyz R">RM Touyz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ekuni, D" uniqKey="Ekuni D">D Ekuni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomofuji, T" uniqKey="Tomofuji T">T Tomofuji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanbe, T" uniqKey="Sanbe T">T Sanbe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sesso, Hd" uniqKey="Sesso H">HD Sesso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buring, Je" uniqKey="Buring J">JE Buring</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rafai, N" uniqKey="Rafai N">N Rafai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chrysohoou, C" uniqKey="Chrysohoou C">C Chrysohoou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pitsavos, C" uniqKey="Pitsavos C">C Pitsavos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panagiotakos, Db" uniqKey="Panagiotakos D">DB Panagiotakos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paraskevas, S" uniqKey="Paraskevas S">S Paraskevas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huizinga, Jd" uniqKey="Huizinga J">JD Huizinga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loos, Bg" uniqKey="Loos B">BG Loos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gu Rkan, A" uniqKey="Gu Rkan A">A Gu¨rkan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emingil, G" uniqKey="Emingil G">G Emingil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saygan, Bh" uniqKey="Saygan B">BH Saygan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santos, Cf" uniqKey="Santos C">CF Santos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akashi, Ae" uniqKey="Akashi A">AE Akashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dionisio, Tj" uniqKey="Dionisio T">TJ Dionísio</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vidal, F" uniqKey="Vidal F">F Vidal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Figueredo, Cm" uniqKey="Figueredo C">CM Figueredo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cordovil, I" uniqKey="Cordovil I">I Cordovil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Rg" uniqKey="Fischer R">RG Fischer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sandros, J" uniqKey="Sandros J">J Sandros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Papapanou, Pn" uniqKey="Papapanou P">PN Papapanou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nannmark, U" uniqKey="Nannmark U">U Nannmark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dahlen, G" uniqKey="Dahlen G">G Dahlén</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cairo, F" uniqKey="Cairo F">F Cairo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaeta, C" uniqKey="Gaeta C">C Gaeta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorigo, W" uniqKey="Dorigo W">W Dorigo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kozarov, Ev" uniqKey="Kozarov E">EV Kozarov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorn, Br" uniqKey="Dorn B">BR Dorn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shelburne, Ce" uniqKey="Shelburne C">CE Shelburne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herzberg, Mc" uniqKey="Herzberg M">MC Herzberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weyer, Mw" uniqKey="Weyer M">MW Weyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khlgatian, M" uniqKey="Khlgatian M">M Khlgatian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nassar, H" uniqKey="Nassar H">H Nassar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chou, Hh" uniqKey="Chou H">HH Chou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, N" uniqKey="Nakamura N">N Nakamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshida, M" uniqKey="Yoshida M">M Yoshida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Umeda, M" uniqKey="Umeda M">M Umeda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assinger, A" uniqKey="Assinger A">A Assinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buchberger, E" uniqKey="Buchberger E">E Buchberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laky, M" uniqKey="Laky M">M Laky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grossi, Sg" uniqKey="Grossi S">SG Grossi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Genco, Rj" uniqKey="Genco R">RJ Genco</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benguigui, C" uniqKey="Benguigui C">C Benguigui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bongard, V" uniqKey="Bongard V">V Bongard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruidavets, Jb" uniqKey="Ruidavets J">JB Ruidavets</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marchetti, E" uniqKey="Marchetti E">E Marchetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monaco, A" uniqKey="Monaco A">A Monaco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Procaccini, L" uniqKey="Procaccini L">L Procaccini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pietropaoli, D" uniqKey="Pietropaoli D">D Pietropaoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monaco, A" uniqKey="Monaco A">A Monaco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Del Pinto, R" uniqKey="Del Pinto R">R Del Pinto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cifone, Mg" uniqKey="Cifone M">MG Cifone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marzo, G" uniqKey="Marzo G">G Marzo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giannoni, M" uniqKey="Giannoni M">M Giannoni</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nibali, L" uniqKey="Nibali L">L Nibali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tatarakis, N" uniqKey="Tatarakis N">N Tatarakis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Needleman, I" uniqKey="Needleman I">I Needleman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morita, T" uniqKey="Morita T">T Morita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ogawa, Y" uniqKey="Ogawa Y">Y Ogawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takada, K" uniqKey="Takada K">K Takada</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morita, T" uniqKey="Morita T">T Morita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamazaki, Y" uniqKey="Yamazaki Y">Y Yamazaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mita, A" uniqKey="Mita A">A Mita</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vaz De Melo, Ro" uniqKey="Vaz De Melo R">RO Vaz-de-Melo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toledo, Jc" uniqKey="Toledo J">JC Toledo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loureiro, Aa" uniqKey="Loureiro A">AA Loureiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cipullo, Jp" uniqKey="Cipullo J">JP Cipullo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno Jr, H" uniqKey="Moreno Jr H">H Moreno Jr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Jf" uniqKey="Martin J">JF Martin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leong, Xf" uniqKey="Leong X">XF Leong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, Cy" uniqKey="Ng C">CY Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badiah, B" uniqKey="Badiah B">B Badiah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Das, S" uniqKey="Das S">S Das</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Curr Cardiol Rev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Curr Cardiol Rev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CCR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Current Cardiology Reviews</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1573-403X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1875-6557</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Bentham Science Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24739001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4101200</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CCR-10-355</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2174/1573403X10666140416094901</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title> Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paizan</surname><given-names>Mara Lúcia Macedo</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vilela-Martin</surname><given-names>José Fernando</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff>Hypertension Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto/SP (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base da FUNFARME São José do Rio Preto, Brazil</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label> Address correspondence to this author at the Av Brig Faria Lima 5416, Postal Code: 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto/São Paulo, Brazil;
Tel/Fax: +55 17 32015727; E-mail: <email xlink:href="vilelamartin@uol.com.br">vilelamartin@uol.com.br</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>355</fpage><lpage>361</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>2</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>29</day><month>3</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Bentham Science Publishers</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Bentham Science Publishers</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</uri>) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths. Also, cardiovascular risk factors start the atherosclerotic process, which leads to cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, periodontal disease can also be considered another cardiovascular risk factor. It involves inflammatory, immunological and humoral activities, which induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the destruction of the epithelium. This allows the entry of endotoxins and exotoxins in the bloodstream, which may contribute to atherogenesis and thromboembolic events. There is also direct invasion of the vessel wall by oral pathogens, triggering an inflammatory response that produces endothelial dysfunction. In hypertension, changes in microcirculation can cause ischemia in the periodontium, which favors periodontal disease. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the development of lesions in target organs. Periodontitis has also been associated with insulin resistance and a higher risk for the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by oxidative stress. This seems to act as a common link to explain the relationship between each component of the metabolic syndrome (including hypertension) and periodontitis. This article will discuss clinical and experimental evidence, as well as possible pathophysiologic mechanisms and links involved in the relationship among periodontal disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. </p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Atherogenesis</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>periodontal disease</kwd><kwd>periodontitis.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig. (1)</label><caption><p>Cardiovascular risk factors.
</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCR-10-355_F1"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig. (2)</label><caption><p><bold>Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms between the periodontal disease and high
blood pressure. </bold>Specific
conditions (inflammation, bacteremia, imune response and metabolic syndrome)
associated with classical risk factors contribute to development of the
periodontal disease. In turn, the periodontal disease can also present
endothelial and vascular dysfunction that may lead to increased blood pressure.
It is interesting to observe that both diseases (periodontal disease and
hypertension) share common cardiovascular risk factors, which enhance the
association between both disorders. RAS = renin-angiotensin system.
</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCR-10-355_F2"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig. (3)</label><caption><p>Pathophysiological mechanisms which link insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, hypertension, and periodontitis. This figure explains how periodontitis could contribute to systemic inflammation, impairing sugar balance, as well as leading to insulin resistance, diabetes and others components of metabolic syndrome. Adhesion molecules [ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule), VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule) and p-selectin]; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 = interleukine-8, -1β, -6; TNF-α = tumoral necrosis factor-α; PGE2 = prostaglandin E2; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; ROS = reactive oxygen species; CRP = C-reactive protein; ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone.
</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCR-10-355_F3"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Paizan, Mara Lucia Macedo" sort="Paizan, Mara Lucia Macedo" uniqKey="Paizan M" first="Mara Lúcia Macedo" last="Paizan">Mara Lúcia Macedo Paizan</name><name sortKey="Vilela Martin, Jose Fernando" sort="Vilela Martin, Jose Fernando" uniqKey="Vilela Martin J" first="José Fernando" last="Vilela-Martin">José Fernando Vilela-Martin</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000552 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000552 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4101200
|texte= Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24739001" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a EdenteV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |