A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures
Identifieur interne : 000238 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000237; suivant : 000239A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures
Auteurs : Lei Zhang ; Wil Geraets ; Yongsheng Zhou ; Wuqing Wu ; Daniel WismeijerSource :
- Clinical Oral Implants Research [ 0905-7161 ] ; 2014-08.
Abstract
This study aimed to classify peri‐implant bone defects (PIBDs) on the basis of their radiographic appearance in a cohort of patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/clr.12193
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ISTEX:410CD481D567B9F77C170A9BC7F89D0857AFB8BELe document en format XML
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Geraets</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Yongsheng" sort="Zhou, Yongsheng" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yongsheng" last="Zhou">Yongsheng Zhou</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Wuqing" sort="Wu, Wuqing" uniqKey="Wu W" first="Wuqing" last="Wu">Wuqing Wu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wismeijer, Daniel" sort="Wismeijer, Daniel" uniqKey="Wismeijer D" first="Daniel" last="Wismeijer">Daniel Wismeijer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Oral 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first="Lei" last="Zhang">Lei Zhang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>22 South Street ZhongGuanCun, Haidian DistrictDepartment of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaTel.: +8613488866683Fax: +86 (10)62093402e‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: Drleizhang@gmail.com</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geraets, Wil" sort="Geraets, Wil" uniqKey="Geraets W" first="Wil" last="Geraets">Wil Geraets</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Yongsheng" sort="Zhou, Yongsheng" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yongsheng" last="Zhou">Yongsheng Zhou</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Wuqing" sort="Wu, Wuqing" uniqKey="Wu W" first="Wuqing" last="Wu">Wuqing Wu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wismeijer, Daniel" sort="Wismeijer, Daniel" uniqKey="Wismeijer D" first="Daniel" last="Wismeijer">Daniel Wismeijer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, University of Amsterdam and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Clinical Oral Implants Research</title><title level="j" type="alt">CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH</title><idno type="ISSN">0905-7161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1600-0501</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="905">905</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="909">909</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">5</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-08">2014-08</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0905-7161</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0905-7161</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">This study aimed to classify peri‐implant bone defects (PIBDs) on the basis of their radiographic appearance in a cohort of patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Lei Zhang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China</json:string><json:string>22 South Street ZhongGuanCun, Haidian DistrictDepartment of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaTel.: +8613488866683Fax: +86 (10)62093402e‐mail:</json:string><json:string>E-mail: Drleizhang@gmail.com</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Wil Geraets</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yongsheng Zhou</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Wuqing Wu</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Daniel Wismeijer</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, University of Amsterdam and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>bone loss</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>bone morphology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>dental implant</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>implant‐supported 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Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2014-08"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Lei</forename><surname>Zhang</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Proshodontics</orgName><orgName>Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Beijing</settlement><country key="CN">China</country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author: Lei Zhang 22 South Street ZhongGuanCun, Haidian District Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China Tel.: +8613488866683 Fax: +86 (10)62093402 e‐mail: Drleizhang@gmail.com</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Wil</forename><surname>Geraets</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)</orgName><orgName>University of Amsterdam and Free University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Yongsheng</forename><surname>Zhou</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Proshodontics</orgName><orgName>Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Beijing</settlement><country key="CN">China</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Wuqing</forename><surname>Wu</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Business</orgName><orgName>Renmin University of China</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Beijing</settlement><country key="CN">China</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Daniel</forename><surname>Wismeijer</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE</orgName><orgName>University of Amsterdam and Free University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">410CD481D567B9F77C170A9BC7F89D0857AFB8BE</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-3M063NW6-H</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/clr.12193</idno><idno type="unit">CLR12193</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:CLR.CLR12193.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Clinical Oral Implants Research</title><title level="j" type="alt">CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH</title><idno type="pISSN">0905-7161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1600-0501</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0501</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/clr.2014.25.issue-8</idno><idno type="product">CLR</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="905">905</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="909">909</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">5</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-08"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main" xml:id="clr12193-abs-0001"><head>Abstract</head>
Objective
<p>This study aimed to classify peri‐implant bone defects (<hi rend="fc">PIBD</hi>s) on the basis of their radiographic appearance in a cohort of patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures.</p>
Materials and methods
<p>Eighty‐three patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures were recruited to participate in the study, which was approved by the ethics committee of <hi rend="fc">I</hi>gnatius <hi rend="fc">T</hi>eaching <hi rend="fc">H</hi>ospital. Details about the patients' smoking habits were recorded. The participants had a total of 224 implants involving 3214 implant sites. The mean observation time of the subjects was 10.7 years. Panoramic radiographs of all sites were evaluated in duplicate (first evaluation [t1], second evaluation [t2]) during 2 weeks by one experienced observer. <hi rend="fc">PIBD</hi>s were classified into the following types: saucer‐shaped, wedge‐shaped, flat, undercut, and slit‐like bone defects. Intra‐examiner agreement was tested using crosstabs and Cohen's kappa coefficient. The association of <hi rend="fc">PIBD</hi> type with gender, time after implant placement, smoking, and treatment strategy was investigated using multivariate test of independence on the basis of spatial signs.</p>
Results
<p>Intra‐observer reliability was moderate (κ = 0.51). Saucer‐shaped defects were the most frequent (42.8% [t1] and 44.6% [t2]), followed by wedge‐shaped (26.0% [t1] and 27.4% [t2]), flat (10.7% [t2] and 17.7% [t1]), undercut (8.8% [t1] and 11.9% [t2]), and finally slit‐like defects (4.7% [t1] and 5.4% [t2]). Peri‐implant bone defects morphology was significantly associated with gender, smoking, and treatment strategy.</p>
Conclusion
<p>The morphology of <hi rend="fc">PIBD</hi>s can be classified into five meaningful classes, as opposed to the two described in the literature.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0001">bone loss</term><term xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0002">bone morphology</term><term xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0003">dental implant</term><term xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0004">implant‐supported overdenture</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Original Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="clr12193" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0501</doi><issn type="print">0905-7161</issn><issn type="electronic">1600-0501</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CLR"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH" type="main">Clinical Oral Implants Research</title><title type="short">Clin. Oral Impl. Res.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="80"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/clr.2014.25.issue-8</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="25">25</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">8</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2014-08">August 2014</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="40" status="forIssue" type="article"><doi>10.1111/clr.12193</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CLR12193"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="5" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Original Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event date="2013-04-09" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event agent="SPS" date="2013-05-04" type="xmlCreated"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.3.3 mode:FullText" date="2014-07-07"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2013-05-30"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2013-05-30"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2014-07-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-07"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">905</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">909</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line><b>Corresponding author:</b></line><line><i>Lei Zhang</i></line><line>22 South Street ZhongGuanCun, Haidian District</line><line>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China</line><line>Tel.: +8613488866683</line><line>Fax: +86 (10)62093402</line><line>e‐mail: <email>Drleizhang@gmail.com</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><selfCitationGroup><citation type="self" xml:id="clr12193-cit-1001"><author><familyName>Zhang</familyName> <givenNames>L</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Geraets</familyName> <givenNames>W</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Zhou</familyName> <givenNames>Y</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Wu</familyName> <givenNames>W</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Wismeijer</familyName> <givenNames>D</givenNames></author>, . <articleTitle>A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures</articleTitle>. <journalTitle>Clin. Oral Impl. Res.</journalTitle> <vol>25</vol>, <pubYear year="2014">2014</pubYear>, <pageFirst>905</pageFirst>–<pageLast>909</pageLast> doi <accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1111/clr.12193">10.1111/clr.12193</accessionId></citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CLR.CLR12193.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures</title><title type="shortAuthors">Zhang et al</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#clr12193-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr12193-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Lei</givenNames> <familyName>Zhang</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr12193-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr12193-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Wil</givenNames> <familyName>Geraets</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr12193-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr12193-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Yongsheng</givenNames> <familyName>Zhou</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr12193-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr12193-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Wuqing</givenNames> <familyName>Wu</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr12193-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr12193-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Daniel</givenNames> <familyName>Wismeijer</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="CN" type="organization" xml:id="clr12193-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Proshodontics</orgDiv> <orgName>Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology</orgName> <address><city>Beijing</city> <country>China</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="NL" type="organization" xml:id="clr12193-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Amsterdam and Free University</orgName> <address><city>Amsterdam</city> <country>The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CN" type="organization" xml:id="clr12193-aff-0003"><orgDiv>School of Business</orgDiv> <orgName>Renmin University of China</orgName> <address><city>Beijing</city> <country>China</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="NL" type="organization" xml:id="clr12193-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Amsterdam and Free University</orgName> <address><city>Amsterdam</city> <country>The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0001">bone loss</keyword><keyword xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0002">bone morphology</keyword><keyword xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0003">dental implant</keyword><keyword xml:id="clr12193-kwd-0004">implant‐supported overdenture</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="clr12193-abs-0001"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="clr12193-sec-0001"><title type="main">Objective</title><p>This study aimed to classify peri‐implant bone defects (<fc>PIBD</fc>s) on the basis of their radiographic appearance in a cohort of patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures.</p></section><section xml:id="clr12193-sec-0002"><title type="main">Materials and methods</title><p>Eighty‐three patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures were recruited to participate in the study, which was approved by the ethics committee of <fc>I</fc>gnatius <fc>T</fc>eaching <fc>H</fc>ospital. Details about the patients' smoking habits were recorded. The participants had a total of 224 implants involving 3214 implant sites. The mean observation time of the subjects was 10.7 years. Panoramic radiographs of all sites were evaluated in duplicate (first evaluation [t1], second evaluation [t2]) during 2 weeks by one experienced observer. <fc>PIBD</fc>s were classified into the following types: saucer‐shaped, wedge‐shaped, flat, undercut, and slit‐like bone defects. Intra‐examiner agreement was tested using crosstabs and Cohen's kappa coefficient. The association of <fc>PIBD</fc> type with gender, time after implant placement, smoking, and treatment strategy was investigated using multivariate test of independence on the basis of spatial signs.</p></section><section xml:id="clr12193-sec-0003"><title type="main">Results</title><p>Intra‐observer reliability was moderate (κ = 0.51). Saucer‐shaped defects were the most frequent (42.8% [t1] and 44.6% [t2]), followed by wedge‐shaped (26.0% [t1] and 27.4% [t2]), flat (10.7% [t2] and 17.7% [t1]), undercut (8.8% [t1] and 11.9% [t2]), and finally slit‐like defects (4.7% [t1] and 5.4% [t2]). Peri‐implant bone defects morphology was significantly associated with gender, smoking, and treatment strategy.</p></section><section xml:id="clr12193-sec-0004"><title type="main">Conclusion</title><p>The morphology of <fc>PIBD</fc>s can be classified into five meaningful classes, as opposed to the two described in the literature.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lei</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China</affiliation><affiliation>22 South Street ZhongGuanCun, Haidian DistrictDepartment of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaTel.: +8613488866683Fax: +86 (10)62093402e‐mail:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Drleizhang@gmail.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wil</namePart><namePart type="family">Geraets</namePart><affiliation>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yongsheng</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><affiliation>Department of Proshodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wuqing</namePart><namePart type="family">Wu</namePart><affiliation>School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daniel</namePart><namePart type="family">Wismeijer</namePart><affiliation>Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, University of Amsterdam and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2014-08</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-05-04</dateCreated><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2013-04-09</dateValid><edition>Zhang L, Geraets W, Zhou Y, Wu W, Wismeijer D, . A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 25, 2014, 905–909 doi 10.1111/clr.12193</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>This study aimed to classify peri‐implant bone defects (PIBDs) on the basis of their radiographic appearance in a cohort of patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures.</abstract><abstract>Eighty‐three patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures were recruited to participate in the study, which was approved by the ethics committee of Ignatius Teaching Hospital. Details about the patients' smoking habits were recorded. The participants had a total of 224 implants involving 3214 implant sites. The mean observation time of the subjects was 10.7 years. Panoramic radiographs of all sites were evaluated in duplicate (first evaluation [t1], second evaluation [t2]) during 2 weeks by one experienced observer. PIBDs were classified into the following types: saucer‐shaped, wedge‐shaped, flat, undercut, and slit‐like bone defects. Intra‐examiner agreement was tested using crosstabs and Cohen's kappa coefficient. The association of PIBD type with gender, time after implant placement, smoking, and treatment strategy was investigated using multivariate test of independence on the basis of spatial signs.</abstract><abstract>Intra‐observer reliability was moderate (κ = 0.51). Saucer‐shaped defects were the most frequent (42.8% [t1] and 44.6% [t2]), followed by wedge‐shaped (26.0% [t1] and 27.4% [t2]), flat (10.7% [t2] and 17.7% [t1]), undercut (8.8% [t1] and 11.9% [t2]), and finally slit‐like defects (4.7% [t1] and 5.4% [t2]). Peri‐implant bone defects morphology was significantly associated with gender, smoking, and treatment strategy.</abstract><abstract>The morphology of PIBDs can be classified into five meaningful classes, as opposed to the two described in the literature.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>bone loss</topic><topic>bone morphology</topic><topic>dental implant</topic><topic>implant‐supported overdenture</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clinical Oral Implants Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Clin. Oral Impl. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0905-7161</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1600-0501</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0501</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CLR</identifier><part><date>2014</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>905</start><end>909</end><total>5</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">410CD481D567B9F77C170A9BC7F89D0857AFB8BE</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-3M063NW6-H</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/clr.12193</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CLR12193</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. 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