Bovine coronavirus
Identifieur interne : 000696 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000695; suivant : 000697Bovine coronavirus
Auteurs : M. A. ClarkSource :
- British Veterinary Journal [ 0007-1935 ] ; 1993.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Active immunity, Adult cattle, Amino acids, Assay, Bovine, Bovine coronavirus, Bovine enteric coronavirus, Bridger, British veterinaryjournal, Calf, Causative agent, Clinical signs, Colostrum, Coronavirus, Coronaviruses, Crouch acres, Dairy calves, Deregt, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Electron microscopy, Enteric, Epithelial, Epitope, Faeces, Glycoprotein, Golgi apparatus, Heckert, Host cell, Immature cells, Infection, Insect cells, King brian, Laporte, Lipid bilayer, Mebus, Microbiol, Monoclonal, Monoclonal antibodies, Mostl burki, Mrna, Neonatal, Neonatal calf diarrhea, Neonatal calf diarrhoea, Neonatal calves, Neonatal diarrhoea, Passive immunity, Payne storz, Plaque formation, Receptor, Replication, Respiratory routes, Respiratory tract infections, Respiratory tracts, Rotavirus, Saif, Schultze, Specific antibodies, Spike, Spike glycoprotein, Storz, Structural proteins, Subunit, Susceptible calves, Vaccination, Vaccine, Vautherot, Viral, Viral envelope, Virol, Virology, Virus, Virus envelope, Whilst, Winter dysentery, Winter months.
Abstract
Summary: This review aims to summarize current data describing the characteristics of bovine coronavirus (BCV) and the three clinical syndromes with which this virus is associated. The first half of this paper consists of a general description of the virus, commencing with a brief outline of the methods used for in vitro growth. The structure of the virus is then described in more detail, with particular reference to the structure and functions of the four major viral proteins. This is followed by an outline of the unique replication strategy adopted by coronaviruses. The second half of this review discusses the clinical significance of the virus, beginning with a detailed account of BCV-induced neonatal calf diarrhoea, the clinical syndrome with which this virus is most commonly associated. The clinical and epidemiological importance of BCV respiratory tract infection is then discussed, and finally the evidence supporting the aetiological role of BCV in outbreaks of winter dysentery in adult cattle is examined.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80210-6
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:F7BC904D14F7EF86D49BB40EBF4C7E835F05F381Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Bovine coronavirus</title><author><name sortKey="Clark, M A" sort="Clark, M A" uniqKey="Clark M" first="M. A." last="Clark">M. A. Clark</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:F7BC904D14F7EF86D49BB40EBF4C7E835F05F381</idno><date when="1993" year="1993">1993</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80210-6</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000696</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000696</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Bovine coronavirus</title><author><name sortKey="Clark, M A" sort="Clark, M A" uniqKey="Clark M" first="M. A." last="Clark">M. A. Clark</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">British Veterinary Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BVETJ</title><idno type="ISSN">0007-1935</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1993">1993</date><biblScope unit="volume">149</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="51">51</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="70">70</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0007-1935</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0007-1935</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Active immunity</term><term>Adult cattle</term><term>Amino acids</term><term>Assay</term><term>Bovine</term><term>Bovine coronavirus</term><term>Bovine enteric coronavirus</term><term>Bridger</term><term>British veterinaryjournal</term><term>Calf</term><term>Causative agent</term><term>Clinical signs</term><term>Colostrum</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Coronaviruses</term><term>Crouch acres</term><term>Dairy calves</term><term>Deregt</term><term>Diarrhoea</term><term>Dysentery</term><term>Electron microscopy</term><term>Enteric</term><term>Epithelial</term><term>Epitope</term><term>Faeces</term><term>Glycoprotein</term><term>Golgi apparatus</term><term>Heckert</term><term>Host cell</term><term>Immature cells</term><term>Infection</term><term>Insect cells</term><term>King brian</term><term>Laporte</term><term>Lipid bilayer</term><term>Mebus</term><term>Microbiol</term><term>Monoclonal</term><term>Monoclonal antibodies</term><term>Mostl burki</term><term>Mrna</term><term>Neonatal</term><term>Neonatal calf diarrhea</term><term>Neonatal calf diarrhoea</term><term>Neonatal calves</term><term>Neonatal diarrhoea</term><term>Passive immunity</term><term>Payne storz</term><term>Plaque formation</term><term>Receptor</term><term>Replication</term><term>Respiratory routes</term><term>Respiratory tract infections</term><term>Respiratory tracts</term><term>Rotavirus</term><term>Saif</term><term>Schultze</term><term>Specific antibodies</term><term>Spike</term><term>Spike glycoprotein</term><term>Storz</term><term>Structural proteins</term><term>Subunit</term><term>Susceptible calves</term><term>Vaccination</term><term>Vaccine</term><term>Vautherot</term><term>Viral</term><term>Viral envelope</term><term>Virol</term><term>Virology</term><term>Virus</term><term>Virus envelope</term><term>Whilst</term><term>Winter dysentery</term><term>Winter months</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Summary: This review aims to summarize current data describing the characteristics of bovine coronavirus (BCV) and the three clinical syndromes with which this virus is associated. The first half of this paper consists of a general description of the virus, commencing with a brief outline of the methods used for in vitro growth. The structure of the virus is then described in more detail, with particular reference to the structure and functions of the four major viral proteins. This is followed by an outline of the unique replication strategy adopted by coronaviruses. The second half of this review discusses the clinical significance of the virus, beginning with a detailed account of BCV-induced neonatal calf diarrhoea, the clinical syndrome with which this virus is most commonly associated. The clinical and epidemiological importance of BCV respiratory tract infection is then discussed, and finally the evidence supporting the aetiological role of BCV in outbreaks of winter dysentery in adult cattle is examined.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>coronavirus</json:string><json:string>bovine coronavirus</json:string><json:string>virol</json:string><json:string>enteric</json:string><json:string>bovine</json:string><json:string>coronaviruses</json:string><json:string>winter dysentery</json:string><json:string>microbiol</json:string><json:string>saif</json:string><json:string>rotavirus</json:string><json:string>storz</json:string><json:string>receptor</json:string><json:string>viral</json:string><json:string>glycoprotein</json:string><json:string>neonatal</json:string><json:string>virology</json:string><json:string>faeces</json:string><json:string>heckert</json:string><json:string>monoclonal</json:string><json:string>mrna</json:string><json:string>colostrum</json:string><json:string>dysentery</json:string><json:string>mebus</json:string><json:string>bovine enteric coronavirus</json:string><json:string>deregt</json:string><json:string>subunit</json:string><json:string>bridger</json:string><json:string>adult cattle</json:string><json:string>replication</json:string><json:string>vaccine</json:string><json:string>vautherot</json:string><json:string>whilst</json:string><json:string>epitope</json:string><json:string>monoclonal antibodies</json:string><json:string>epithelial</json:string><json:string>laporte</json:string><json:string>schultze</json:string><json:string>specific antibodies</json:string><json:string>diarrhoea</json:string><json:string>virus envelope</json:string><json:string>active immunity</json:string><json:string>neonatal calves</json:string><json:string>clinical signs</json:string><json:string>assay</json:string><json:string>payne storz</json:string><json:string>immature cells</json:string><json:string>passive immunity</json:string><json:string>neonatal calf diarrhea</json:string><json:string>neonatal calf diarrhoea</json:string><json:string>viral envelope</json:string><json:string>dairy calves</json:string><json:string>winter months</json:string><json:string>infection</json:string><json:string>calf</json:string><json:string>virus</json:string><json:string>vaccination</json:string><json:string>respiratory tracts</json:string><json:string>respiratory routes</json:string><json:string>golgi apparatus</json:string><json:string>structural proteins</json:string><json:string>susceptible calves</json:string><json:string>amino acids</json:string><json:string>king brian</json:string><json:string>respiratory tract infections</json:string><json:string>mostl burki</json:string><json:string>causative agent</json:string><json:string>crouch acres</json:string><json:string>host cell</json:string><json:string>electron microscopy</json:string><json:string>lipid bilayer</json:string><json:string>neonatal diarrhoea</json:string><json:string>british veterinaryjournal</json:string><json:string>plaque formation</json:string><json:string>spike glycoprotein</json:string><json:string>insect cells</json:string><json:string>spike</json:string><json:string>several groups</json:string><json:string>organ cultures</json:string><json:string>virus infection</json:string><json:string>helical nucleocapsid</json:string><json:string>single strand</json:string><json:string>colonic ridges</json:string><json:string>current data</json:string><json:string>same time</json:string><json:string>unique replication strategy</json:string><json:string>large number</json:string><json:string>experimental infection</json:string><json:string>gene encoding</json:string><json:string>other coronaviruses</json:string><json:string>serum antibodies</json:string><json:string>healthy calves</json:string><json:string>diarrhoeic faecal samples</json:string><json:string>cleavage products</json:string><json:string>different strains</json:string><json:string>normal adult cows</json:string><json:string>cell lines</json:string><json:string>coronavirus particles</json:string><json:string>madin darby</json:string><json:string>carrier animals</json:string><json:string>blood cells</json:string><json:string>target cell membrane</json:string><json:string>calf diarrhoea</json:string><json:string>bovine coronaviruses</json:string><json:string>important neutralizing epitopes</json:string><json:string>challenge dose</json:string><json:string>carrier cows</json:string><json:string>moredun research institute</json:string><json:string>parenteral vaccination</json:string><json:string>pregnant cows</json:string><json:string>surface projections</json:string><json:string>high levels</json:string><json:string>neutralizing mabs</json:string><json:string>oral inoculation</json:string><json:string>maternal antibodies</json:string><json:string>utero vaccination</json:string><json:string>protective levels</json:string><json:string>deregt babiuk</json:string><json:string>tract infections</json:string><json:string>virus replication</json:string><json:string>recent years</json:string><json:string>milk production</json:string><json:string>reinitiation sites</json:string><json:string>benfield saif</json:string><json:string>gnotobiotic calves</json:string><json:string>polymerase enzyme</json:string><json:string>epizootic diarrhoea</json:string><json:string>exogenous trypsin</json:string><json:string>coronavirus infections</json:string><json:string>cell culture</json:string><json:string>vautherot laporte</json:string><json:string>mouse hepatitis virus</json:string><json:string>bovine coronavirus strains</json:string><json:string>normal cows</json:string><json:string>passive hemagglutination</json:string><json:string>bovine enteritic coronavirus</json:string><json:string>neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus</json:string><json:string>neutralizing epitopes</json:string><json:string>czerny eichhorn</json:string><json:string>dairy cattle</json:string><json:string>bovine coronavirus virol</json:string><json:string>bovine coronavirus strain</json:string><json:string>plasma membrane</json:string><json:string>longitudinal study</json:string><json:string>cell cytoplasm</json:string><json:string>antibody responses</json:string><json:string>plaque assay</json:string><json:string>virus strain</json:string><json:string>young calves</json:string><json:string>coronavirus infection</json:string><json:string>nucleotide sequence</json:string><json:string>field trial</json:string><json:string>scanning electron</json:string><json:string>calf diarrheal coronavirus</json:string><json:string>cows vaccinated</json:string><json:string>virus isolation</json:string><json:string>cell fusion</json:string><json:string>bovine coronavirus infection</json:string><json:string>elsevier science publishers</json:string><json:string>biomedical division</json:string><json:string>hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus</json:string><json:string>cdna probes</json:string><json:string>molecular biology</json:string><json:string>trypsin treatment</json:string><json:string>severe infections</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>M.A. Clark</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>05802106</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Review article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Summary: This review aims to summarize current data describing the characteristics of bovine coronavirus (BCV) and the three clinical syndromes with which this virus is associated. The first half of this paper consists of a general description of the virus, commencing with a brief outline of the methods used for in vitro growth. The structure of the virus is then described in more detail, with particular reference to the structure and functions of the four major viral proteins. This is followed by an outline of the unique replication strategy adopted by coronaviruses. The second half of this review discusses the clinical significance of the virus, beginning with a detailed account of BCV-induced neonatal calf diarrhoea, the clinical syndrome with which this virus is most commonly associated. The clinical and epidemiological importance of BCV respiratory tract infection is then discussed, and finally the evidence supporting the aetiological role of BCV in outbreaks of winter dysentery in adult cattle is examined.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.908</score><pdfWordCount>9919</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>56751</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>20</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>468 x 684 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>159</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1027</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Bovine coronavirus</title><pii><json:string>S0007-1935(05)80210-6</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>review-article</json:string></genre><serie><title>Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><volume>85</volume><pages><first>4526</first><last>4529</last></pages></serie><host><title>British Veterinary Journal</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1993</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0007-1935</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0007-1935(05)X0204-4</json:string></pii><volume>149</volume><issue>1</issue><pages><first>51</first><last>70</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1993</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Moredun Research Institute</json:string><json:string>REMARKS Research on BCV</json:string><json:string>Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Bryan Clark</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>St. Cyr</json:string><json:string>Quebec</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Vlasak et aL</json:string><json:string>Lapps et al., 1987</json:string><json:string>King et al., 1985</json:string><json:string>Reynolds et al., 1984</json:string><json:string>Van Kruiningen et al., 1987</json:string><json:string>Bridger et al., 1978b</json:string><json:string>Benfield & Saif, 1990</json:string><json:string>Acres et al., 1975</json:string><json:string>Bridger et al., 1978a, b</json:string><json:string>Roseto et al., 1982</json:string><json:string>Marsolais et al., 1978</json:string><json:string>Espinasse et al., 1982</json:string><json:string>Van Balken et al., 1978</json:string><json:string>Kapil et aL, 1990</json:string><json:string>Cox et al., 1989</json:string><json:string>Yoo et al., 1991a</json:string><json:string>Mostl & Burki, 1988</json:string><json:string>Spaan et al., 1988</json:string><json:string>Vlasak et al., 1988b</json:string><json:string>Myers & Snodgrass, 1982</json:string><json:string>Dea et al., 1979</json:string><json:string>Hofmann et al., 1990</json:string><json:string>Bridger et aL (1978b)</json:string><json:string>Saif, 1990</json:string><json:string>Barthoid et al., 1990</json:string><json:string>Lai, 1990</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1989, 1991</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1990, 1991a, c</json:string><json:string>Spaan et aL, 1988</json:string><json:string>Deregt et al., 1987</json:string><json:string>Payne & Storz, 1988</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1991b, c</json:string><json:string>Mebus et al., 1973b</json:string><json:string>Boireau et aL, 1990</json:string><json:string>Schultze et al., 1991a, b</json:string><json:string>Shockley et al., 1987</json:string><json:string>Schultze et al., 1991b</json:string><json:string>Deregt et aL, 1987</json:string><json:string>Vlasak et al., 1988a</json:string><json:string>Cyr-Coats et al., 1988</json:string><json:string>McNulty et al., 1984</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Storz et al., 1981</json:string><json:string>Luytjes et al., 1988</json:string><json:string>A b r a h a m et aL, 1990b</json:string><json:string>Durham et al., 1979, 1989</json:string><json:string>Cruciere & Laporte, 1988</json:string><json:string>Mebus et al. (1972, 1973a)</json:string><json:string>Rodak et al., 1982</json:string><json:string>Stott et al., 1976</json:string><json:string>Mullaney et aL, 1988</json:string><json:string>Hajer & Storz, 1978</json:string><json:string>Verbeek et aL, 1990</json:string><json:string>Tektoff et al., 1983</json:string><json:string>Woode et al., 1978</json:string><json:string>Pensaert & Callebaut, 1978</json:string><json:string>Bulgin et al., 1989</json:string><json:string>Schultze et aL, 1990, 1991a, b</json:string><json:string>Doughri et al., 1976</json:string><json:string>Schultze et aL, 1991a, b</json:string><json:string>Sato et al., 1984</json:string><json:string>Laporte et al., 1979</json:string><json:string>Guy & Brian, 1979</json:string><json:string>Sharpee et al., 1976</json:string><json:string>Takahashi et al., 1980, 1983</json:string><json:string>Crouch & Raybould, 1983</json:string><json:string>Hirano et al., 1985</json:string><json:string>Payne et al., 1990a</json:string><json:string>Horner et al., 1975</json:string><json:string>Crouch, 1985</json:string><json:string>Kaye et al., 1975</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1990</json:string><json:string>Verbeek & Tijssen, 1988, 1990</json:string><json:string>Dea et al., 1980b</json:string><json:string>Storz & Rott, 1981</json:string><json:string>Saif et al., 1988, 1991</json:string><json:string>Storz et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Yoo et al., 1990, 1991b</json:string><json:string>McNulty et aL, 1984</json:string><json:string>Akashi et al., 1981</json:string><json:string>Crouch et al., 1985</json:string><json:string>Vautherot & Laporte, 1983</json:string><json:string>Siddell (1987)</json:string><json:string>Langpap et al. (1979)</json:string><json:string>Langpap et al., 1979</json:string><json:string>Sato et aL, 1977</json:string><json:string>Toth, 1982</json:string><json:string>Saif, 1987</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1989</json:string><json:string>Parker et al., 1990b</json:string><json:string>Saif et al., 1986</json:string><json:string>Spaan et al. (1988, 1990)</json:string><json:string>Stair et al., 1972</json:string><json:string>Babiuk et al. (1985)</json:string><json:string>Dea et al., 1982</json:string><json:string>Reynolds et al., 1986</json:string><json:string>Czerny & Eichhorn, 1989</json:string><json:string>Deregt et al., 1989b</json:string><json:string>Snodgrass et al., 1980, 1982</json:string><json:string>Gerna et al., 1981</json:string><json:string>Woode & Bridger, 1975</json:string><json:string>Tsunemitsu et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Singh et al., 1985</json:string><json:string>Clark et al., 1990</json:string><json:string>Lapps et al. (1987)</json:string><json:string>Brian et al., 1983</json:string><json:string>Kienzle et aL, 1990</json:string><json:string>Ghorr et al., 1989</json:string><json:string>Babiuk et al., 1985</json:string><json:string>Crouch & Acres, 1984</json:string><json:string>Thomas et al., 1982</json:string><json:string>Akashi et al., 1980</json:string><json:string>Crouch et al., 1984</json:string><json:string>Waltner-Toews et al., 1983</json:string><json:string>Payne et at, 1990b</json:string><json:string>Radostits & Acres, 1980</json:string><json:string>Bengelsdorff, 1988</json:string><json:string>Yoo et aL, 1991a</json:string><json:string>Parker et al., 1990a</json:string><json:string>Schultze et al.. 1990, 1991a</json:string><json:string>Hussain et aL, 1991</json:string><json:string>Kapil et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Zygraich et al., 1975</json:string><json:string>Reynolds et al., 1985</json:string><json:string>King & Brian, 1982</json:string><json:string>Deregt et al., 1989a</json:string><json:string>Kienzle et al., 1990</json:string><json:string>Vlasak et al., 1988a, b</json:string><json:string>Zhang et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Collins et al., 1987</json:string><json:string>Payne & Storz, 1990</json:string><json:string>Broes et al., 1984</json:string><json:string>Ghorr et al., 1988</json:string><json:string>Holmes (1990)</json:string><json:string>de Visser et al., 1987</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1991a, c</json:string><json:string>Vautherot et al., 1990</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1990, 1991c</json:string><json:string>Snodgrass et al., 1986</json:string><json:string>Parker et al., 1989</json:string><json:string>Thurber et al., 1977</json:string><json:string>Heckert et al., 1991c</json:string><json:string>Deregt et al., 1983, 1987</json:string><json:string>Vautherot et al., 1984</json:string><json:string>Mebus et al. (1973b, 1975)</json:string><json:string>Saif, 1985</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M</json:string></ark><categories><wos></wos><scienceMetrix></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Veterinary</json:string><json:string>3 - General Veterinary</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1993</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1993</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80210-6</json:string></doi><id>F7BC904D14F7EF86D49BB40EBF4C7E835F05F381</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Bovine coronavirus</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><licence><p>©1993 Baillière Tindall</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</p></availability><date>1993</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="review-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note type="content">Section title: Review</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Bovine coronavirus</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">M.A.</forename><surname>Clark</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">F7BC904D14F7EF86D49BB40EBF4C7E835F05F381</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80210-6</idno><idno type="PII">S0007-1935(05)80210-6</idno><idno type="article-id">05802106</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">British Veterinary Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BVETJ</title><idno type="pISSN">0007-1935</idno><idno type="PII">S0007-1935(05)X0204-4</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1993"></date><biblScope unit="volume">149</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="51">51</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="70">70</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1993</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Summary: This review aims to summarize current data describing the characteristics of bovine coronavirus (BCV) and the three clinical syndromes with which this virus is associated. The first half of this paper consists of a general description of the virus, commencing with a brief outline of the methods used for in vitro growth. The structure of the virus is then described in more detail, with particular reference to the structure and functions of the four major viral proteins. This is followed by an outline of the unique replication strategy adopted by coronaviruses. The second half of this review discusses the clinical significance of the virus, beginning with a detailed account of BCV-induced neonatal calf diarrhoea, the clinical syndrome with which this virus is most commonly associated. The clinical and epidemiological importance of BCV respiratory tract infection is then discussed, and finally the evidence supporting the aetiological role of BCV in outbreaks of winter dysentery in adult cattle is examined.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1993">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="rev"><item-info><jid>BVETJ</jid><aid>05802106</aid><ce:pii>S0007-1935(05)80210-6</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80210-6</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1993">Baillière Tindall</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Review</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Bovine coronavirus</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>M.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Clark</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="aff1"><ce:textfn>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK<ce:cross-ref refid="fn1"><ce:sup>*</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:footnote id="fn1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:note-para>Former address: Microbiology Department. Moredun Research Institute, 408 Gilmerton Road, Edinburgh EH 17 7JH.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="23" month="7" year="1992"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract id="ab1" class="author" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Summary</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>This review aims to summarize current data describing the characteristics of bovine coronavirus (BCV) and the three clinical syndromes with which this virus is associated. The first half of this paper consists of a general description of the virus, commencing with a brief outline of the methods used for <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> growth. The structure of the virus is then described in more detail, with particular reference to the structure and functions of the four major viral proteins. This is followed by an outline of the unique replication strategy adopted by coronaviruses. The second half of this review discusses the clinical significance of the virus, beginning with a detailed account of BCV-induced neonatal calf diarrhoea, the clinical syndrome with which this virus is most commonly associated. The clinical and epidemiological importance of BCV respiratory tract infection is then discussed, and finally the evidence supporting the aetiological role of BCV in outbreaks of winter dysentery in adult cattle is examined.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head><tail><ce:bibliography><ce:section-title>References</ce:section-title><ce:bibliography-sec><ce:bib-reference id="bib1"><ce:label>Abraham, et al, 1990a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Abraham</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kienzle</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Lapps</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Deduced sequence of the bovine coronavirus spike protein and identification of the internal proteolytic cleavage site</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>176</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>296</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>301</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib2"><ce:label>Abraham, et al, 1990b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Abraham</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kienzle</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Lapps</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sequence and expression analysis of potential non-structural proteins of 4.9, 4.8, 12.7 and 9.5 kDa encoded between the spike and membrane protein genes of the bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>177</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>488</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>495</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib3"><ce:label>Acres, et al, 1975</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Acres</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laing</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saunders</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Radostits</ce:surname><ce:given-name>O.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Acute undifferentiated neonatal diarrhoea in beef calves. 1. Occurrence and distribution of infectious agents</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. comp. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>39</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1975</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>116</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>132</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib4"><ce:label>Akashi, et al, 1980</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Akashi</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Inaba</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Miura</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Tokuhisa</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sato</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Satoda</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Properties of a coronavirus isolated from a cow with epizootic diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>5</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1980</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>265</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>276</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib5"><ce:label>Akashi, et al, 1981</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Akashi</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Inaba</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Miura</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Propagation of the Kakegawa strain of bovine coronavirus in suckling mice, rats and hamsters</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>67</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1981</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>367</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>370</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib6"><ce:label>Babiuk, et al, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sabara</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hudson</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Rotavirus and coronavirus infections in animals</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Prog. vet. Microbiol. Immunol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>1</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>80</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>120</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib7"><ce:label>Barthold, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Barthold</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Souza</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Smith</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.I.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with coronaviruses of other species</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Lab. anim. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>40</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>481</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>485</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib8"><ce:label>Benfield and Saif, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Benfield</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cell culture propagation of a coronavirus isolated from cows with winter dysentery</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. clin. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>28</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1454</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1457</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib9"><ce:label>Bengelsdorff, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Bengelsdorff</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vaccination of cows against coronavirus-infection in their off-spring: the mouse as a laboratory animal model</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Berl. Münch. tierärztl. Wschr.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>8</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>278</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>282</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib10"><ce:label>Boireau, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Boireau</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cruciere</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laporte</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein S gene of bovine enteric coronavirus and comparison with the S proteins of two mouse hepatitis virus strains</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>71</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>487</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>492</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib11"><ce:label>Brian, et al, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hogue</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Lapps</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Potts</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kapke</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Comparative structure of coronaviruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 4th Int. Symp. neonatal Diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1983</sb:date></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>100</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>116</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib12"><ce:label>Bridger, et al, 1978a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Bridger</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Caul</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.O.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Egglestone</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.I.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Replication of an enteric bovine coronavirus in intestinal organ cultures</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>57</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>43</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>51</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib13"><ce:label>Bridger, et al, 1978b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Bridger</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Woode</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.N.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Meyling</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Isolation of coronaviruses from neonatal calf diarrhoea in Great Britain and Denmark</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>3</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>101</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>113</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib14"><ce:label>Broes, et al, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="iso" xml:lang="fr"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Broes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Van Opdenbosch</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Willemans</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Isolement d'un coronavirus chez des bovins atteints d'enterite hémorragique hivernale (winter dysentery) en Belgique</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ann. med. Vet.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>128</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1984</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>299</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>303</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib15"><ce:label>Bulgin, et al, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Bulgin</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Ward</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.C.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Barrett</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Lane</ce:surname><ce:given-name>V.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Detection of rotavirus and coronavirus shedding in two beef cow herds in Idaho</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. vet. J.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>30</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>235</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>239</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib16"><ce:label>Clark, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Clark</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Campbell</ce:surname><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>El-Ghorr</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Scott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>F.M.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A comparison of bovine coronavirus strains using monoclonal antibodies</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Adv. exp. Med. Biol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>276</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>461</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>466</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib17"><ce:label>Collins, et al, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Collins</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Riegel</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Olson</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Fountain</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Shedding of enteric coronavirus in adult cattle</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>48</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>361</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>365</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib18"><ce:label>Cox, et al, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Cox</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The sequence of cDNA of bovine corona-virus 32K nonstructural gene</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Nucl. Acids Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>17</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>5847</sb:first-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib19"><ce:label>Crouch, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Crouch</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vaccination against enteric rota and coronaviruses in cattle and pigs: enhancement of lactogenic immunity</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vaccine</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>3</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>284</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>291</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib20"><ce:label>Crouch and Acres, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Crouch</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Acres</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus antigens in the feces of normal cows</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. comp. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>48</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1984</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>340</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>342</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib21"><ce:label>Crough and Raybould, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Crough</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Raybould</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.J.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Comparison of different antigen preparations as substrates for use in passive hemagglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibody against bovine enteric coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. clin. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>18</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1983</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>146</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>149</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib22"><ce:label>Crouch, et al, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Crouch</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Raybould</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.J.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Acres</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine enteric coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. clin. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>19</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1984</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>388</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>393</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib23"><ce:label>Crouch, et al, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Crouch</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Ohmann</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Watts</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Chronic shedding of bovine enteric coronavirus antigen-antibody complexes by clinically normal cows</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>66</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1489</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1500</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib24"><ce:label>Cruciere and Laporte, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Cruciere</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laporte</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sequence and analysis of bovine enteritic coronavirus (F15) genome</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ann. Inst. Pasteur</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>139</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>123</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>138</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib25"><ce:label>Czerny and Eichhorn, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Czerny</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Eichhorn</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Characterization of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to bovine enteric coronavirus: establishment of an efficient ELISA for antigen detection in feces</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>20</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>111</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>122</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib26"><ce:label>Dea, et al, 1979</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Dea</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Roy</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Begin</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Counterimmunoelectroosmophoresis for detection of neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus: methodology and comparison with electron microscopy</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. clin. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>10</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1979</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>240</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>244</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib27"><ce:label>Dea, et al, 1980a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Dea</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Roy</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Begin</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Physicochemical and biological properties of neonatal calf diarrhea coronaviruses isolated in Quebec and comparison with the Nebraska calf coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>41</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1980</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>23</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>29</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib28"><ce:label>Dea, et al, 1980b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Dea</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Roy</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Begin</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus isolation and cultivation in continuous cell lines</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>41</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1980</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>30</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>38</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib29"><ce:label>Dea, et al, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Dea</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Roy</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Elazhary</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.A.S.Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Antigenic variations among calf diarrhea coronaviruses by immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ann. rech. Vet.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>13</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>351</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>356</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib30"><ce:label>Deregt and Babiuk, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Deregt</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus: characteristics and topographical mapping of neutralizing epitopes on the E2 and E3 glycoproteins</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>161</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>410</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>420</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib31"><ce:label>Deregt, et al, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Deregt</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Crouch</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sabara</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Gilchrist</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hudson</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Preliminary studies of a bovine coronavirus (BCV) antigen responsible for neutralization</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 4th Int. Symp. neonatal Diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1983</sb:date></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>117</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>133</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib32"><ce:label>Deregt, et al, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Deregt</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sabara</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Structural proteins of bovine coronavirus and their intracellular processing</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>68</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>2863</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>2877</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib33"><ce:label>Deregt, et al, 1989a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Deregt</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cox</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mapping of neutralizing epitopes to fragments of the bovine coronavirus E2 protein by proteolysis of antigen-antibody complexes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>70</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>647</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>658</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib34"><ce:label>Deregt, et al, 1989b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Deregt</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Gifford</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Ijaz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus glycoproteins E2 and E3: demonstration of <ce:italic>in vivo</ce:italic> virus-neutralizing activity</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>70</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>993</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>998</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib35"><ce:label>Doughri, et al, 1976</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Doughri</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hajer</ce:surname><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Fernando</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Morphology and morphogenesis of a coronavirus infecting intestinal epithelial cells of newborn calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Exp. mol. Pathol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>25</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1976</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>355</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>370</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib36"><ce:label>Durham, et al, 1979</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Durham</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.J.K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Stevenson</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Farquharson</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Rotavirus and coronavirus associated diarrhoea in domestic animals</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>N.Z. vet. J.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>27</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1979</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>30</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>32</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib37"><ce:label>Durham, et al, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Durham</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.J.K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hassard</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Armstrong</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Naylor</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronavirusassociated diarrhea (winter dysentery) in adult cattle</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. vet. J.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>30</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>825</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>827</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib38"><ce:label>El-Ghorr, et al, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>El-Ghorr</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Scott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>F.M.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Evaluation of an immunogold electron microscopy technique for detecting bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. virol. Methods</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>19</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>215</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>224</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib39"><ce:label>El-Ghorr, et al, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>El-Ghorr</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Scott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>F.M.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Campbell</ce:surname><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A serological comparison of bovine coronavirus strains</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>104</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>241</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>248</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib40"><ce:label>Espinasse, et al, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Espinasse</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Viso</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laval</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Winter dysentery: a coronavirus-like agent in the faeces of beef and dairy cattle with diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>110</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>385</sb:first-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib41"><ce:label>Gerna, et al, 1981</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Gerna</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cereda</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Revello</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cattaneo</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Battaglia</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Gerna</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.T.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Antigenic and biological relationships between human coronavirus OC43 and neonatal calf diarrhoea coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>54</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1981</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>91</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>102</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib42"><ce:label>Guy and Brian, 1979</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Guy</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus genome</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>29</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1979</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>293</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>300</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib43"><ce:label>Hajer and Storz, 1978</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hajer</ce:surname><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Antigens of bovine coronavirus strain LY-138 and their diagnostic properties</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>39</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>441</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>444</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib44"><ce:label>Heckert, et al, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heckert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Myers</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Development of protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy for detection of bovine coronavirus in calves: comparison with ELISA and direct immunofluorescence of nasal epithelial cells</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>19</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>217</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>231</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib45"><ce:label>Heckert, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heckert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hoblet</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Agnes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A longitudinal study of bovine coronavirus enteric and respiratory infections in dairy calves in two herds in Ohio</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>22</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>187</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>201</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib46"><ce:label>Heckert, et al, 1991a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heckert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Mengel</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Myers</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in serum, feces and mucosal secretion from experimentally challenge-exposed colostrum deprived calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>52</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>692</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>699</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib47"><ce:label>Heckert, et al, 1991b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heckert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Mengel</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Myers</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mucosal and systemic antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in experimentally challenge-exposed calves fed low or high amounts of colostral antibodies</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>52</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>700</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>708</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib48"><ce:label>Heckert, et al, 1991d</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heckert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Myers</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Agnes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Epidemiologic factors and isotype-specific antibody responses in serum and mucosal secretions of dairy calves with bovine coronavirus respiratory tract and enteric tract infections</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>52</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>845</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>851</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib49"><ce:label>Heckert, et al, 1991c</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heckert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Myers</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mucosal and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in naturally infected dairy calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>52</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>852</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>857</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib50"><ce:label>Hirano, et al, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hirano</ce:surname><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sada</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Tuchiya</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Ono</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Murakami</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Plaque assay of bovine coronavirus in BEK-1 cells</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Jap. J. vet. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>47</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>679</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>681</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib51"><ce:label>Hofmann, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hofmann</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sethna</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus mRNA replication continues throughout persistent infection in cell culture</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>64</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>4108</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>4114</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib52"><ce:label>Hogue, et al, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hogue</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kienzle</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Synthesis and processing of the bovine enteric coronavirus haemagglutinin protein</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>70</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>345</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>352</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib53"><ce:label>Holmes, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Holmes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.V.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronaviridae and their replication</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>B.N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Fields</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1990</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Raven Press</sb:name><sb:location>Philadelphia</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>841</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>856</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib54"><ce:label>Horner, et al, 1975</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Horner</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hunter</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kirkbride</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronavirus-like agent present in faeces of cows with diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>N.Z. vet. J.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>23</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1975</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>98</sb:first-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib55"><ce:label>Hussain, et al, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hussain</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kousoulas</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Comparison of bovine coronavirus (BCV) antigens: monoclonal antibodies to the spike glycoprotein distinguish between vaccine and wild-type strains</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>183</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>442</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>445</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib56"><ce:label>Kapil, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Kapil</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Trent</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Goyal</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Excretion and persistence of bovine corona-virus in neonatal calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>115</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>127</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>132</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib57"><ce:label>Kapil, et al, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Kapil</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Pomeroy</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Goyal</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Trent</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Experimental infection with a virulent pneumoenteric isolate of bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. vet. diagn. Invest.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>3</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>88</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>89</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib58"><ce:label>Kaye, et al, 1975</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Kaye</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Yarbrough</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Reed</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Calf diarrhoea coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Lancet</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>ii</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1975</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>509</sb:first-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib59"><ce:label>Keck, et al, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Keck</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hogue</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Lai</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.M.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Temporal regulation of bovine coronavirus RNA synthesis</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virus Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>9</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>343</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>356</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib60"><ce:label>Kienzle, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Kienzle</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Abraham</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hogue</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Structure and orientation of expressed bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase protein</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>64</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1834</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1838</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib61"><ce:label>King and Brian, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>King</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus structural proteins</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>42</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>700</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>707</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib62"><ce:label>King, et al, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>King</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Potts</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin protein</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virus Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>2</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>53</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>59</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib63"><ce:label>Lai, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Lai</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.M.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronavirus: organization, replication and expression of genome</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A. Rev. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>44</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>303</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>333</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib64"><ce:label>Langpap, et al, 1979</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Langpap</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bergeland</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Reed</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronaviral enteritis of young calves: virologic and pathologic findings in naturally occurring infections</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>40</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1979</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1476</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1478</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib65"><ce:label>Laporte, et al, 1979</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Laporte</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>L'Haridon</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bobulesco</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle><ce:italic>In vitro</ce:italic> culture of bovine enteric coronavirus (BEC)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Colloq. de l'INSERM</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>90</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1979</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>99</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>102</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib66"><ce:label>Lapps, et al, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Lapps</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hogue</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sequence analysis of the bovine coronavirus nucleocapsid and matrix protein genes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>157</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>47</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>57</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib67"><ce:label>Lewis and Phillips, 1978</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Lewis</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Phillips</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Pathophysiologic changes due to coronavirus-induced diarrhea in the calf</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Am. vet. med. Ass.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>173</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>636</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>642</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib68"><ce:label>Luytjes, et al, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Luytjes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bredenbeek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Noten</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.F.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Horzinek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Spaan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.J.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sequence of mouse hepatitis virus A59 mRNA2: Indications for RNA recombination between coronaviruses and influenza C virus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>166</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>415</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>422</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib69"><ce:label>Marsolais, et al, 1978</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Marsolais</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Assaf</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Montpetit</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Marous</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Diagnosis of viral agents associated with neonatal calf diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. comp. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>42</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>168</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>171</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib70"><ce:label>McNulty, et al, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>McNulty</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bryson</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Allan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Logan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronavirus infection of the bovine respiratory tract</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>9</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1984</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>425</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>434</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib71"><ce:label>Mebus, et al, 1972</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mebus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>White</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Stair</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Rhodes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Twiehaus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Neonatal calf diarrhea: results of a field trial using a reo-like virus vaccine</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Med./Small Anim. Clin.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>67</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1972</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>173</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>178</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib72"><ce:label>Mebus, et al, 1973a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mebus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Stair</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Rhodes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Twiehaus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Neonatal calf diarrhea: propagation, attenuation and characteristics of a coronavirus-like agent</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>34</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1973</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>145</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>150</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib73"><ce:label>Mebus, et al, 1973b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mebus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Stair</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Rhodes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Twiehaus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Pathology of neonatal calf diarrhea induced by a coronavirus-like agent</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Pathol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>10</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1973</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>45</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>64</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib74"><ce:label>Mebus, et al, 1975</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mebus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Newman</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Stair</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Scanning electron, light and immunofluorescent microscopy of intestine of gnotobiotic calf infected with calf diarrheal coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>36</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1975</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1719</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1725</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib75"><ce:label>Moon, et al, 1978</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Moon</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>McClurkin</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Isaacson</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Pathogenic relationships of rotavirus, Escherichia coli, and other agents in mixed infections in calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Am. vet. med. Ass.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>173</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>577</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>583</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib76"><ce:label>Mostl and Burki, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mostl</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Burki</ce:surname><ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Incidence of diarrhoea and of rotavirus and coronavirus shedding in calves, whose dams had been vaccinated with an experimental oiladjuvanted vaccine containing bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. vet. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>35</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>186</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>196</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib77"><ce:label>Mostl and Burki, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mostl</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Burki</ce:surname><ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus is also a cause of respiratory disease in calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 11th Int. Symp. W.A.V.M.I.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>191</sb:first-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib78"><ce:label>Mullaney, et al, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mullaney</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Newman</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Whitehair</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.K.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Humoral immune response of the bovine fetus to <ce:italic>in utero</ce:italic> vaccination with attenuated bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>49</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>156</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>159</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib79"><ce:label>Myers and Snodgrass, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Myers</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Colostral and milk antibody titers in cows vaccinated with a modified live-rotavirus-coronavirus vaccine</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Am. vet. med. Ass.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>181</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>486</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>488</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib80"><ce:label>Parker, et al, 1989</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cox</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Deregt</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Fitzpatrick</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cloning and <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> expression of the gene for the E3 haemagglutinin glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>70</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1989</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>155</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>164</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib81"><ce:label>Parker, et al, 1990a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Yoo</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Expression and secretion of the bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein by insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>64</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1625</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1629</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib82"><ce:label>Parker, et al, 1990b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Yoo</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cox</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Primary structure of the S peplomer gene of bovine coronavirus and surface expression in insect cells</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>71</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>263</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>270</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib83"><ce:label>Payne and Storz, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Payne</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Analysis of cell fusion induced by bovine coronavirus infection</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>103</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>27</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>33</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib84"><ce:label>Payne and Storz, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Payne</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Scanning electron microscopic characterization of bovine coronavirus plaques in HRT cells</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. vet. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>37</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>501</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>508</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib85"><ce:label>Payne, et al, 1990a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Payne</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Henk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus antigen in the host cell plasmalemma</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Exp. mol. Pathol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>53</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>152</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>159</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib86"><ce:label>Payne, et al, 1990b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Payne</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Henk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Initial events in bovine coronavirus infection: analysis through immunogold probes and lysosomotropic inhibitors</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>114</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>175</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>189</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib87"><ce:label>Pensaert and Callebaut, 1978</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Pensaert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Callebaut</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The coronaviruses: clinical and structural aspects with some practical implications</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A. med. vet.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>122</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>301</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>322</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib88"><ce:label>Radostits and Acres, 1980</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Radostits</ce:surname><ce:given-name>O.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Acres</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The prevention and control of epidemics of acute undifferentiated diarrhea of beef calves in western Canada</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. vet. J.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>21</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1980</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>243</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>249</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib89"><ce:label>Reynolds, et al, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Reynolds</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Chasey</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Scott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bridger</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Evaluation of ELISA and electron microscopy for the detection of coronavirus and rotavirus in bovine faeces</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>114</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1984</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>397</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>401</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib90"><ce:label>Reynolds, et al, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Reynolds</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Debney</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hall</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Thomas</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Parsons</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Studies on the relationship between coronaviruses from the intestinal and respiratory tracts of calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>85</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>71</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>83</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib91"><ce:label>Reynolds, et al, 1986</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Reynolds</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Morgan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Chanter</ce:surname><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Microbiology of calf diarrhoea in southern Britain</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>119</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1986</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>34</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>39</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib92"><ce:label>Rodak, et al, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Rodak</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Acres</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Detection by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of coronavirus antibodies in bovine serum and lacteal secretions</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. clin. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>16</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>34</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>40</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib93"><ce:label>Roseto, et al, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Roseto</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bobulesco</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laporte</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Escaig</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Gaches</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Peries</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine enteric coronavirus structure as studied by a freeze-drying technique</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>63</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>241</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>245</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib94"><ce:label>Saif, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Passive immunity to coronavirus and rotavirus infections in swine and cattle: enhancement by maternal vaccination</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Tzipori</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Infectious Diarrhoea in the Young</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1985</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division)</sb:name><sb:location>New York</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>456</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>467</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib95"><ce:label>Saif, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Development of nasal, fecal and serum isotype-specific antibodies in calves challenged with bovine coronavirus or rotavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>17</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>425</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>439</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib96"><ce:label>Saif, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A review of evidence implicating bovine coronavirus in the etiology of winter dysentery in cows: an enigma resolved?</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cornell Vet.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>80</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>303</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>311</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib97"><ce:label>Saif, et al, 1986</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Redman</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Moorhead</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Theil</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Experimentally induced coronavirus infections in calves: viral replication in the respiratory and intestinal tracts</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>47</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1986</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1426</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1432</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib98"><ce:label>Saif, et al, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Redman</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brock</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.V.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kohler</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Heckert</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Winter dysentery in adult dairy cattle: detection of coronavirus in the faeces</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>123</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>300</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>301</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib99"><ce:label>Saif, et al, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Saif</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brock</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.V.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Redman</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kohler</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Winter dysentery in dairy herds: electron microscopic and serological evidence for an association with coronavirus infection</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>128</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>447</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>449</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib100"><ce:label>Sato, et al, 1977</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Sato</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Inaba</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kurogi</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Hemagglutination by calf diarrhea coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>2</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1977</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>83</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>87</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib101"><ce:label>Sato, et al, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Sato</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Inaba</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Tokuhisa</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Detection of bovine coronavirus in feces by reversed passive hemagglutination</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>80</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1984</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>23</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>31</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib102"><ce:label>Schultze, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Schultze</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Gross</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brossmer</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Klenk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Herrler</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus attaches to N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuroaminic acid-containing receptors on erythrocytes: comparison with bovine coronavirus and influenza C virus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virus Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>16</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>185</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>194</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib103"><ce:label>Schultze, et al, 1991a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Schultze</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Gross</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brossmer</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Herrler</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The S protein of bovine coronavirus is a hemagglutinin recognizing 9-<ce:italic>O</ce:italic>-acetylated sialic acid as a receptor determinant</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>65</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>6232</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>6237</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib104"><ce:label>Schultze, et al, 1991b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Schultze</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Wahn</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Klenk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Herrler</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Isolated HE-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor destroying and receptor-binding activity</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>180</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>221</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>228</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib105"><ce:label>Sharpee, et al, 1976</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Sharpee</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Mebus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Characterization of a calf diarrheal coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>37</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1976</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1031</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1041</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib106"><ce:label>Shockley, et al, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Shockley</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kapke</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Lapps</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Brian</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Potgieter</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.N.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Woods</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Diagnosis of porcine and bovine enteric coronavirus infections using cloned cDNA probes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. clin. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>25</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1591</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1596</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib107"><ce:label>Siddell, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Siddell</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The organization and expression of coronavirus genomes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The Molecular Biology of the Positive Strand RNA Viruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1987</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Academic Press</sb:name><sb:location>Amsterdam</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>117</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>127</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib108"><ce:label>Singh, et al, 1985</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Singh</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Singh</ce:surname><ce:given-name>N.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Singh</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.K.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Pneumoenteric syndrome in bovine neonates by bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ind. J. vet. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>5</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1985</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>55</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>57</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib109"><ce:label>Snodgrass, et al, 1980</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Fahey</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Wells</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Campbell</ce:surname><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Whitelaw</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Passive immunity in calf rotavirus infections: maternal vaccination increases and prolongs immunoglobulin G1 antibody secretion in milk</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Infect. Immun.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>28</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1980</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>344</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>349</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib110"><ce:label>Snodgrass, et al, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Stewart</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Taylor</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Krautil</ce:surname><ce:given-name>F.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Smith</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Diarrhoea in dairy calves reduced by feeding colostrum from cows vaccinated with rotavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Res. vet. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>32</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>70</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>73</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib111"><ce:label>Snodgrass, et al, 1986</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Terzolo</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sherwood</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Campbell</ce:surname><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Menzies</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Synge</ce:surname><ce:given-name>B.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>119</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1986</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>31</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>34</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib112"><ce:label>Spaan, et al, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Spaan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cavanagh</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Horzinek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronaviruses: structure and genome expression</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>69</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>2939</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>2952</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib113"><ce:label>Spaan, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Spaan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cavanagh</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Horzinek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coronaviruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>M.H.V.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Regenmortel</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:editor><ce:given-name>A.R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Neurath</ce:surname></sb:editor></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Immunochemistry of Viruses, II. The Basis for Serodiagnosis and Vaccines</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1990</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division)</sb:name><sb:location>London</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>359</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>379</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib114"><ce:label>St. Cyr-Coats and Storz, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>St. Cyr-Coats</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine coronavirus-induced cytopathic expression and plaque formation: host cell and virus strain determine trypsin dependence</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. vet. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>35</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>48</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>56</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib115"><ce:label>St. Cyr-Coats, et al, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>St. Cyr-Coats</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hussain</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Schnorr</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Structural proteins of bovine coronavirus strain L9: effects of the host cell and trypsin treatment</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Arch. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>103</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>35</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>45</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib116"><ce:label>Stair, et al, 1972</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Stair</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.L.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Rhodes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.B.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>White</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Mebus</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Neonatal calf diarrhea: purification and electron microscopy of a coronavirus-like agent</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>33</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1972</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1147</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1156</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib117"><ce:label>Storz and Rott, 1981</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Rott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Reactivity of antibodies in human serum with antigens of an enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Med. Microbiol. Immunol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>169</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1981</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>169</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>178</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib118"><ce:label>Storz, et al, 1981</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Rott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kuluza</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Enhancement of plaque formation and cell fusion of an enteropathogenic coronavirus by trypsin treatment</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Infect. Immun.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>31</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1981</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>1214</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>1222</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib119"><ce:label>Storz, et al, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Herrler</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Snodgrass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Monoclonal antibodies differentiate between the hemagglutinating and the receptor-destroying activities of bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>72</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>2817</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>2820</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib120"><ce:label>Stott, et al, 1976</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Stott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Thomas</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bridger</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Jebbett</ce:surname><ce:given-name>N.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Replication of a bovine coronavirus in organ cultures of foetal trachea</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>1</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1976</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>65</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>69</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib121"><ce:label>Takahashi, et al, 1980</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Takahashi</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Inaba</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sato</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Epizootic diarrhoea of adult cattle associated with a coronavirus-like agent</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>5</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1980</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>151</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>154</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib122"><ce:label>Takahashi, et al, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Takahashi</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Akashi</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Inaba</ce:surname><ce:given-name>Y.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bovine epizootic diarrhoea resembling winter dysentery caused by bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>JARQ</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>17</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1983</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>37</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>42</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib123"><ce:label>Tektoff, et al, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Tektoff</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Dauvergne</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Durafour</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Soulebot</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Propagation of bovine enteritic coronavirus in three cell systems: electron microscopic studies</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 4th Int. Symp. neonatal Diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1983</sb:date></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>134</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>153</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib124"><ce:label>Thomas, et al, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Thomas</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Gourlay</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.N.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Stott</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Howard</ce:surname><ce:given-name>C.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bridger</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A search for new microorganisms in calf pneumonia by the inoculation of gnotobiotic calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Res. vet. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>33</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>170</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>182</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib125"><ce:label>Thurber, et al, 1977</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Thurber</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.T.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bass</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Beckenhauer</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Field trial evaluation of a reocoronavirus calf diarrhea vaccine</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. J. comp. Med.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>41</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1977</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>131</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>136</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib126"><ce:label>Toth, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Toth</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Trypsin-enhanced replication of neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus in bovine embryonic lung cells</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Am. J. vet. Res.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>43</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>967</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>972</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib127"><ce:label>Tsunemitsu, et al, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Tsunemitsu</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Yonemichi</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Hirai</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Isolation of bovine coronavirus from feces and nasal swabs of calves with diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. vet. med. Sci.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>53</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>433</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>437</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib128"><ce:label>Van Balken, et al, 1978</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Van Balken</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.A.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>de Leeuw</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Ellens</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Straver</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Detection of coronavirus in calf faeces with a haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination assay (HEHA)</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>3</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>205</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>211</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib129"><ce:label>Van Kruiningen, et al, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Van Kruiningen</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Khairallah</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Sasseville</ce:surname><ce:given-name>V.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Wyand</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Post</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.E.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Calfhood coronavirus enterocolitis: a clue to the etiology of winter dysentery</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Pathol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>24</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>564</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>567</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib130"><ce:label>Vautherot, 1981</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Vautherot</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Plaque assay for titration of bovine enteric coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. gen. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>56</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1981</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>451</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>455</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib131"><ce:label>Vautherot and Laporte, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Vautherot</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laporte</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Utilization of monoclonal antibodies for antigenic characterization of coronaviruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ann. rech. Vet.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>14</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1983</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>437</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>444</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib132"><ce:label>Vautherot, et al, 1984</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Vautherot</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laporte</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Madelaine</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bobulesco</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Roseto</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Antigenic and polypeptide structure of bovine enteric coronavirus as defined by monoclonal antibodies</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:given-name>P.J.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Rottier</ce:surname></sb:editor><sb:et-al></sb:et-al></sb:editors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1984</sb:date><sb:publisher><sb:name>Plenum Press</sb:name><sb:location>Amsterdam</sb:location></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>117</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>132</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib133"><ce:label>Vautherot, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Vautherot</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Madelaine</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.F.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Laporte</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Topological and functional analysis of epitopes on the S (E2) and HE (E3) glycoproteins of bovine enteric coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Adv. exp. med. Biol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>276</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>173</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>179</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib134"><ce:label>Verbeek and Tijssen, 1988</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Verbeek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Tijssen</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Biotinylated and radioactive cDNA probes in the detection by hybridization of bovine enteric coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mol. cell. Probes</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>2</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>209</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>223</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib135"><ce:label>Verbeek and Tijssen, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Verbeek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Tijssen</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Polymerase chain reaction for probe synthesis and for direct amplification in detection of bovine coronavirus</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. virol. Methods</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>29</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>243</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>256</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib136"><ce:label>Verbeek, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Verbeek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Dea</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Tijssen</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Detection of bovine enteric coronavirus in clinical specimens by hybridization with cDNA probes</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mol. cell. Probes</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>107</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>120</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib137"><ce:label>De Visser, et al, 1987</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>De Visser</ce:surname><ce:given-name>N.A.P.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Breukink</ce:surname><ce:given-name>H.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>van Zijderveld</ce:surname><ce:given-name>F.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>de Leeuw</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Enteric infections in veal calves: a longitudinal study on four veal calf units</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Q.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>9</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1987</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>289</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>296</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib138"><ce:label>Vlasak, et al, 1988a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Vlasak</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Luytjes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Leider</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Spaan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Palese</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The E3 protein of bovine coronavirus is a receptor-destroying enzyme with acetylesterase activity</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Virol.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>62</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>4686</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>4690</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib139"><ce:label>Vlasak, et al, 1988b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Vlasak</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Luytjes</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Spaan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Palese</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Human and bovine coronaviruses recognize sialic acid-containing receptors similar to those of influenza C viruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>85</sb:volume-nr></sb:series></sb:book-series><sb:date>1988</sb:date></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>4526</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>4529</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib140"><ce:label>Waltner-Toews, et al, 1983</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Waltner-Toews</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Martin</ce:surname><ce:given-name>S.W.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Meek</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.H.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>McMillan</ce:surname><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>A field trial to test the efficacy of a combined rotavirus-coronavirus/<ce:italic>E. coli</ce:italic> vaccine in dairy cattle</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 4th Int. Symp. neonatal Diarrhoea</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:date>1983</sb:date></sb:edited-book><sb:pages><sb:first-page>456</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>483</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib141"><ce:label>Woode and Bridger, 1975</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Woode</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.N.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bridger</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Viral enteritis of calves</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>96</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1975</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>85</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>88</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib142"><ce:label>Woode, et al, 1978</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Woode</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.N.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Bridger</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Meyling</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Significance of bovine coronavirus infection</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Vet. Rec.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>102</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1978</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>15</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>16</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib143"><ce:label>Yoo, et al, 1990</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Yoo</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Analysis of the S spike (peplomer) glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus synthesised in insect cells</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>179</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1990</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>121</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>128</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib144"><ce:label>Yoo, et al, 1991a</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Yoo</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The S2 subunit of the spike glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus mediates membrane fusion in insect cells</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>180</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>395</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>399</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib145"><ce:label>Yoo, et al, 1991b</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Yoo</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Parker</ce:surname><ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Song</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Cox</ce:surname><ce:given-name>G.J.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Deregt</ce:surname><ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Babiuk</ce:surname><ce:given-name>L.A.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Structural analysis of the conformational domains involved in neutralization of bovine coronavirus using deletion mutants of the spike glycoprotein S1 subunit expressed by recombinant baculoviruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>183</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>91</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>98</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib146"><ce:label>Zhang, et al, 1991</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Zhang</ce:surname><ce:given-name>X.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Kousoulas</ce:surname><ce:given-name>K.G.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Storz</ce:surname><ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the S genes specific by virulent and avirulent strains of bovine coronaviruses</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Virology</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>183</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1991</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>397</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>404</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib147"><ce:label>Zygraich, et al, 1975</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="iso" xml:lang="fr"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Zygraich</ce:surname><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Georges</ce:surname><ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Vascoboinic</ce:surname><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Etiologie des diarrhées néonatales du veau. Résultats d'une enquēte serologique relative aux virus reo-like et corona dans la population bovine belge</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ann. med. vet.</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>119</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1975</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>105</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>113</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference></ce:bibliography-sec></ce:bibliography></tail></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Bovine coronavirus</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Bovine coronavirus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Clark</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="Review article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1993</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1993</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Summary: This review aims to summarize current data describing the characteristics of bovine coronavirus (BCV) and the three clinical syndromes with which this virus is associated. The first half of this paper consists of a general description of the virus, commencing with a brief outline of the methods used for in vitro growth. The structure of the virus is then described in more detail, with particular reference to the structure and functions of the four major viral proteins. This is followed by an outline of the unique replication strategy adopted by coronaviruses. The second half of this review discusses the clinical significance of the virus, beginning with a detailed account of BCV-induced neonatal calf diarrhoea, the clinical syndrome with which this virus is most commonly associated. The clinical and epidemiological importance of BCV respiratory tract infection is then discussed, and finally the evidence supporting the aetiological role of BCV in outbreaks of winter dysentery in adult cattle is examined.</abstract><note type="content">Section title: Review</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>British Veterinary Journal</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>BVETJ</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1993</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0007-1935</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0007-1935(05)X0204-4</identifier><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><number>149</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>1</start><end>116</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>51</start><end>70</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F7BC904D14F7EF86D49BB40EBF4C7E835F05F381</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80210-6</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0007-1935(05)80210-6</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">05802106</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1993 Baillière Tindall</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Baillière Tindall, ©1993</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-P2MGS9JG-M/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/CovidV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000696 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000696 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= CovidV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:F7BC904D14F7EF86D49BB40EBF4C7E835F05F381
|texte= Bovine coronavirus
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |