Serveur d'exploration Covid

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?

Identifieur interne : 000551 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000550; suivant : 000552

Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?

Auteurs : Madeleine Duvic ; Ronald Rapini ; William Keith Hoots ; Peter W. Mansell

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:4837943E3E60D1DA70F8943C7B22ED2BF63ADF7E

English descriptors

Abstract

Persistent viral infections have been postulated to be trigger factors for the development of autoimmune disease. We report the development of vitiligo in four patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—related conditions and in one patient with hepatitis who later developed both psoriasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other common features were hepatitis and multiple other viral infections. Ribavirin was associated with repigmentation in one patient. Vitiligo may be an example of an autoimmune disease triggered by viral infection in a genetically predisposed host.

Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70252-7

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:4837943E3E60D1DA70F8943C7B22ED2BF63ADF7E

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duvic, Madeleine" sort="Duvic, Madeleine" uniqKey="Duvic M" first="Madeleine" last="Duvic">Madeleine Duvic</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Internal Medicine, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Reprint requests to: Dr. Madeleine Duvic, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1,204, Houston, TX 77030</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rapini, Ronald" sort="Rapini, Ronald" uniqKey="Rapini R" first="Ronald" last="Rapini">Ronald Rapini</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoots, William Keith" sort="Hoots, William Keith" uniqKey="Hoots W" first="William Keith" last="Hoots">William Keith Hoots</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Pediatrics, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mansell, Peter W" sort="Mansell, Peter W" uniqKey="Mansell P" first="Peter W." last="Mansell">Peter W. Mansell</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:4837943E3E60D1DA70F8943C7B22ED2BF63ADF7E</idno>
<date when="1987" year="1987">1987</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70252-7</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K/fulltext.pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000551</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000551</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duvic, Madeleine" sort="Duvic, Madeleine" uniqKey="Duvic M" first="Madeleine" last="Duvic">Madeleine Duvic</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Internal Medicine, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Reprint requests to: Dr. Madeleine Duvic, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1,204, Houston, TX 77030</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rapini, Ronald" sort="Rapini, Ronald" uniqKey="Rapini R" first="Ronald" last="Rapini">Ronald Rapini</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoots, William Keith" sort="Hoots, William Keith" uniqKey="Hoots W" first="William Keith" last="Hoots">William Keith Hoots</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Pediatrics, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mansell, Peter W" sort="Mansell, Peter W" uniqKey="Mansell P" first="Peter W." last="Mansell">Peter W. Mansell</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j">Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">YMJD</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0190-9622</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1987">1987</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="656">656</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="662">662</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0190-9622</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<idno type="ISSN">0190-9622</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Acral vitiligo</term>
<term>Aids patients</term>
<term>Alopecia areata</term>
<term>American academy</term>
<term>Anderson hospital</term>
<term>Anergy anergy</term>
<term>Arch dermatol</term>
<term>Autoantibody</term>
<term>Autoimmune disease</term>
<term>Cell activation</term>
<term>Dermatol</term>
<term>Dermatol basham</term>
<term>Epidermal cells</term>
<term>Gamma interferon</term>
<term>Hepatitis</term>
<term>Herpes</term>
<term>Herpes simplex</term>
<term>Herpes zoster</term>
<term>Human immunodeficiency virus</term>
<term>Immune</term>
<term>Immunodeficiency</term>
<term>Immunodeficiency syndrome</term>
<term>Immunodeficiency virus</term>
<term>Madeleine duvic</term>
<term>Melanocyte</term>
<term>Partial albinism</term>
<term>Psoriasis</term>
<term>Same time</term>
<term>Skin tests</term>
<term>Syndrome</term>
<term>Vestn dermatol venerol</term>
<term>Viral</term>
<term>Viral hepatitis</term>
<term>Viral infections</term>
<term>Vitiligo</term>
<term>Vitiligo case</term>
<term>Weight loss</term>
<term>Zoster</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Persistent viral infections have been postulated to be trigger factors for the development of autoimmune disease. We report the development of vitiligo in four patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—related conditions and in one patient with hepatitis who later developed both psoriasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other common features were hepatitis and multiple other viral infections. Ribavirin was associated with repigmentation in one patient. Vitiligo may be an example of an autoimmune disease triggered by viral infection in a genetically predisposed host.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<istex>
<corpusName>elsevier</corpusName>
<keywords>
<teeft>
<json:string>vitiligo</json:string>
<json:string>dermatol</json:string>
<json:string>immunodeficiency</json:string>
<json:string>herpes</json:string>
<json:string>melanocyte</json:string>
<json:string>psoriasis</json:string>
<json:string>viral</json:string>
<json:string>immune</json:string>
<json:string>autoantibody</json:string>
<json:string>zoster</json:string>
<json:string>herpes zoster</json:string>
<json:string>herpes simplex</json:string>
<json:string>arch dermatol</json:string>
<json:string>american academy</json:string>
<json:string>alopecia areata</json:string>
<json:string>autoimmune disease</json:string>
<json:string>immunodeficiency syndrome</json:string>
<json:string>vestn dermatol venerol</json:string>
<json:string>hepatitis</json:string>
<json:string>syndrome</json:string>
<json:string>human immunodeficiency virus</json:string>
<json:string>anderson hospital</json:string>
<json:string>acral vitiligo</json:string>
<json:string>same time</json:string>
<json:string>skin tests</json:string>
<json:string>vitiligo case</json:string>
<json:string>anergy anergy</json:string>
<json:string>viral infections</json:string>
<json:string>cell activation</json:string>
<json:string>weight loss</json:string>
<json:string>immunodeficiency virus</json:string>
<json:string>viral hepatitis</json:string>
<json:string>partial albinism</json:string>
<json:string>gamma interferon</json:string>
<json:string>epidermal cells</json:string>
<json:string>madeleine duvic</json:string>
<json:string>dermatol basham</json:string>
<json:string>aids patients</json:string>
</teeft>
</keywords>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>Madeleine Duvic M.D.</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</json:string>
<json:string>Internal Medicine, Houston, TX</json:string>
<json:string>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</json:string>
<json:string>Reprint requests to: Dr. Madeleine Duvic, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1,204, Houston, TX 77030</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>Ronald Rapini M.D.</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>William Keith Hoots M.D.</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Pediatrics, Houston, TX</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>Peter W. Mansell M.D.</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<articleId>
<json:string>80449</json:string>
</articleId>
<arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K</arkIstex>
<language>
<json:string>eng</json:string>
</language>
<originalGenre>
<json:string>Full-length article</json:string>
</originalGenre>
<abstract>Persistent viral infections have been postulated to be trigger factors for the development of autoimmune disease. We report the development of vitiligo in four patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—related conditions and in one patient with hepatitis who later developed both psoriasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other common features were hepatitis and multiple other viral infections. Ribavirin was associated with repigmentation in one patient. Vitiligo may be an example of an autoimmune disease triggered by viral infection in a genetically predisposed host.</abstract>
<qualityIndicators>
<refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative>
<abstractWordCount>83</abstractWordCount>
<abstractCharCount>594</abstractCharCount>
<keywordCount>0</keywordCount>
<score>6.217</score>
<pdfWordCount>3221</pdfWordCount>
<pdfCharCount>19920</pdfCharCount>
<pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion>
<pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount>
<pdfPageSize>576 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize>
</qualityIndicators>
<title>Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</title>
<pmid>
<json:string>3668011</json:string>
</pmid>
<pii>
<json:string>S0190-9622(87)70252-7</json:string>
</pii>
<genre>
<json:string>research-article</json:string>
</genre>
<host>
<title>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</title>
<language>
<json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<publicationDate>1987</publicationDate>
<issn>
<json:string>0190-9622</json:string>
</issn>
<pii>
<json:string>S0190-9622(05)X7100-6</json:string>
</pii>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<pages>
<first>656</first>
<last>662</last>
</pages>
<genre>
<json:string>journal</json:string>
</genre>
</host>
<namedEntities>
<unitex>
<date>
<json:string>82 and 1/84</json:string>
<json:string>1960s</json:string>
<json:string>1987</json:string>
<json:string>1970s</json:string>
<json:string>1980s</json:string>
<json:string>1985</json:string>
</date>
<geogName></geogName>
<orgName>
<json:string>University of Texas Health Science Center</json:string>
<json:string>Department of Dermatolt</json:string>
<json:string>American Academy of Dermatology D</json:string>
<json:string>Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology</json:string>
<json:string>Institute for Immunologic Disorders</json:string>
<json:string>Anderson Hospital, The University of Texas System Cancer Center</json:string>
<json:string>Ortho Pharmaceuticals</json:string>
</orgName>
<orgName_funder>
<json:string>Ortho Pharmaceuticals</json:string>
</orgName_funder>
<orgName_provider></orgName_provider>
<persName>
<json:string>Keith Hoots</json:string>
<json:string>Madeleine Duvic</json:string>
<json:string>Ronald Rapini</json:string>
<json:string>Journal</json:string>
<json:string>M. Unpublishedobservation</json:string>
<json:string>G. Is</json:string>
<json:string>Peter W. Mansell</json:string>
</persName>
<placeName>
<json:string>TX</json:string>
<json:string>Houston</json:string>
</placeName>
<ref_url></ref_url>
<ref_bibl>
<json:string>February 1987</json:string>
<json:string>University of Texas Medical School, 6431</json:string>
<json:string>January 1983</json:string>
</ref_bibl>
<bibl></bibl>
</unitex>
</namedEntities>
<ark>
<json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K</json:string>
</ark>
<categories>
<wos>
<json:string>1 - science</json:string>
<json:string>2 - dermatology</json:string>
</wos>
<scienceMetrix>
<json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - clinical medicine</json:string>
<json:string>3 - dermatology & venereal diseases</json:string>
</scienceMetrix>
<scopus>
<json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string>
<json:string>3 - Dermatology</json:string>
</scopus>
<inist>
<json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string>
<json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string>
<json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string>
</inist>
</categories>
<publicationDate>1987</publicationDate>
<copyrightDate>1987</copyrightDate>
<doi>
<json:string>10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70252-7</json:string>
</doi>
<id>4837943E3E60D1DA70F8943C7B22ED2BF63ADF7E</id>
<score>1</score>
<fulltext>
<json:item>
<extension>pdf</extension>
<original>true</original>
<mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K/fulltext.pdf</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<extension>zip</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/zip</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K/bundle.zip</uri>
</json:item>
<istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K/fulltext.tei">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>ISTEX</authority>
<publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">ELSEVIER</publisher>
<availability>
<licence>
<p>©1987 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.</p>
</licence>
<p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</p>
</availability>
<date>1987</date>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt>
<note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note>
<note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note>
<note>Cost of the photographs was defrayed in part by a grant from Ortho Pharmaceuticals</note>
</notesStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct type="inbook">
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</title>
<author xml:id="author-0000">
<persName>
<forename type="first">Madeleine</forename>
<surname>Duvic</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName>
<affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<affiliation>Internal Medicine, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<affiliation>Reprint requests to: Dr. Madeleine Duvic, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1,204, Houston, TX 77030</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0001">
<persName>
<forename type="first">Ronald</forename>
<surname>Rapini</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName>
<affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0002">
<persName>
<forename type="first">William Keith</forename>
<surname>Hoots</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName>
<affiliation>Pediatrics, Houston, TX</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0003">
<persName>
<forename type="first">Peter W.</forename>
<surname>Mansell</surname>
</persName>
<roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName>
<affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</affiliation>
</author>
<idno type="istex">4837943E3E60D1DA70F8943C7B22ED2BF63ADF7E</idno>
<idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70252-7</idno>
<idno type="PII">S0190-9622(87)70252-7</idno>
<idno type="article-id">80449</idno>
</analytic>
<monogr>
<title level="j">Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">YMJD</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0190-9622</idno>
<idno type="PII">S0190-9622(05)X7100-6</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1987"></date>
<biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="656">656</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="662">662</biblScope>
</imprint>
</monogr>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<creation>
<date>1987</date>
</creation>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
<abstract xml:lang="en">
<p>Persistent viral infections have been postulated to be trigger factors for the development of autoimmune disease. We report the development of vitiligo in four patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—related conditions and in one patient with hepatitis who later developed both psoriasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other common features were hepatitis and multiple other viral infections. Ribavirin was associated with repigmentation in one patient. Vitiligo may be an example of an autoimmune disease triggered by viral infection in a genetically predisposed host.</p>
</abstract>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change when="1987">Published</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:fulltextTEI>
<json:item>
<extension>txt</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>text/plain</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K/fulltext.txt</uri>
</json:item>
</fulltext>
<metadata>
<istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article">
<istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration>
<istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType>
<istex:document>
<article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="fla">
<item-info>
<jid>YMJD</jid>
<aid>80449</aid>
<ce:pii>S0190-9622(87)70252-7</ce:pii>
<ce:doi>10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70252-7</ce:doi>
<ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1987">American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.</ce:copyright>
</item-info>
<head>
<ce:article-footnote>
<ce:note-para>Cost of the photographs was defrayed in part by a grant from Ortho Pharmaceuticals</ce:note-para>
</ce:article-footnote>
<ce:title>Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</ce:title>
<ce:author-group>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Madeleine</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Duvic</ce:surname>
<ce:degrees>M.D.</ce:degrees>
<ce:cross-ref refid="aff1">
<ce:sup>*</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
<ce:cross-ref refid="aff2">
<ce:sup>**</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
<ce:cross-ref refid="aff4">
<ce:sup>****</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
<ce:cross-ref refid="cor1">
<ce:sup>1</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Ronald</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Rapini</ce:surname>
<ce:degrees>M.D.</ce:degrees>
<ce:cross-ref refid="aff1">
<ce:sup>*</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>William Keith</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Hoots</ce:surname>
<ce:degrees>M.D.</ce:degrees>
<ce:cross-ref refid="aff3">
<ce:sup>***</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Peter W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Mansell</ce:surname>
<ce:degrees>M.D.</ce:degrees>
<ce:cross-ref refid="aff4">
<ce:sup>****</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
</ce:author>
<ce:affiliation id="aff1">
<ce:label>*</ce:label>
<ce:textfn>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
<ce:affiliation id="aff2">
<ce:label>**</ce:label>
<ce:textfn>Internal Medicine, Houston, TX</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
<ce:affiliation id="aff3">
<ce:label>***</ce:label>
<ce:textfn>Pediatrics, Houston, TX</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
<ce:affiliation id="aff4">
<ce:label>****</ce:label>
<ce:textfn>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
<ce:correspondence id="cor1">
<ce:label>1</ce:label>
<ce:text>Reprint requests to: Dr. Madeleine Duvic, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1,204, Houston, TX 77030</ce:text>
</ce:correspondence>
</ce:author-group>
<ce:date-accepted day="22" month="6" year="1987"></ce:date-accepted>
<ce:abstract id="ab1" xml:lang="en">
<ce:abstract-sec>
<ce:simple-para>Persistent viral infections have been postulated to be trigger factors for the development of autoimmune disease. We report the development of vitiligo in four patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—related conditions and in one patient with hepatitis who later developed both psoriasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other common features were hepatitis and multiple other viral infections. Ribavirin was associated with repigmentation in one patient. Vitiligo may be an example of an autoimmune disease triggered by viral infection in a genetically predisposed host.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:abstract-sec>
</ce:abstract>
</head>
<tail>
<ce:bibliography>
<ce:section-title>References</ce:section-title>
<ce:bibliography-sec>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib1">
<ce:label>1.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>AB</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lerner</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nordlund</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Vitiligo; what is it? Is it important?</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Am Med Assoc</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>239</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1978</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1183</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1187</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib2">
<ce:label>2.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nordlund</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Vitiligo</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:edited-book>
<sb:editors>
<sb:editor>
<ce:given-name>BH</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Thiers</ce:surname>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor>
<ce:given-name>RL</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Dobson</ce:surname>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Pathogenesis of skin disease</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
<sb:publisher>
<sb:name>Churchill Livingstone</sb:name>
<sb:location>New York</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>99</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>127</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib3">
<ce:label>3.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>PA</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lucky</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nordlund</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>The biology of the pigmentary system and its disorders</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Dermatol Clinic</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>3</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1985</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>197</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>216</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib4">
<ce:label>4.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>RPR</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Dawber</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Clinical associations in vitiligo</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Postgrad Med J</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>46</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1970</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>276</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>277</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib5">
<ce:label>5.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>RPR</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Dawber</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>SS</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bleehan</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Vallance-Owen</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Vitiligo and diabetes mellitus</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Br J Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>84</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1977</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>600</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib6">
<ce:label>6.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>WJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Cunliff</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Hall</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Newell</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Vitiligo, thyroid disease and autoimmunity</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Br J Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>80</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1968</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>135</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>139</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib7">
<ce:label>7.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>P</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Olholm-Larsen</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>G</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kavli</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Dermatitis herpetiformis and vitiligo</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Dermatologica</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>160</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1980</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>41</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>44</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib8">
<ce:label>8.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JP</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Ortonne</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Perrot</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Thivolet</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Etude clinique et statistique d'une population de 100 vitiligos</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Sem hôp Paris</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>52</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1976</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>679</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>686</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib9">
<ce:label>9.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>AC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Brown</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>ZL</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Olkowski</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JR</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>McLaren</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>MH</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kutner</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Alopecia areata and vitiligo associated with Down's syndrome</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Arch Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>113</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1977</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1296</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib10">
<ce:label>10.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bor</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Feiwel</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>I</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Chanarin</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Autoantibodies in vitiligo</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Br J Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>81</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1969</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>83</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>88</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib11">
<ce:label>11.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Brostoff</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bor</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Feiwel</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Autoantibodies in patients with vitiligo</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Lancet</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>2</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1969</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>177</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>178</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib12">
<ce:label>12.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Betterle</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Caretto</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>De Zio</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Incidence and significance of organ specific autoimmune disorders (clinical, latent or only autoantibodies) in patients with vitiligo</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Dermatologica</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>171</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1985</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>419</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>423</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib13">
<ce:label>13.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>N</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Howanitz</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nordlund</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>AB</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lerner</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bystryn</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Autoantibodies to melanocytes</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Arch Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>117</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1981</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>705</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>708</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib14">
<ce:label>14.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>PE</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Grimes</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>RM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Halder</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Jones</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Autoantibodies and their clinical significance in a black vitiligo population</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Arch Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>119</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>300</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>303</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib15">
<ce:label>15.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>GK</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Naughton</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Eisinger</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bystryn</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Detection of antibodies to melanocytes in vitiligo by specific immunoprecipitation</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Invest Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>81</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>540</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>542</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib16">
<ce:label>16.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>LM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Foley</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>NJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lowe</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Misheloff</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JL</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Tiwari</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Association of HLA-DR4 with vitiligo</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Am Acad Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>8</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>39</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>40</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib17">
<ce:label>17.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DA</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Norris</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bystryn</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kissinger</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Direct evidence for immunologic cytotoxicity as a mechanism of human vitiligo [abstract]</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Clin Res</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>35</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1987</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>251A</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib18">
<ce:label>18.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>Y</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Tagawa</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against melanocyte antigens in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Jpn J Ophthalmol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>22</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1978</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>36</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>39</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib19">
<ce:label>19.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nordlund</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Albert</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>B</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Forget</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Halo nevi and the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Arch Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>116</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1980</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>690</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>692</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib20">
<ce:label>20.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>RC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Gallo</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>SZ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Salahuddin</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Popovic</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Science</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>224</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>500</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>503</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib21">
<ce:label>21.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Centers for Disease Control: classification system for human T-lymphotropic virus III/adenopathy associated virus infections</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Ann Intern Med</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>105</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>234</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>237</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib22">
<ce:label>22.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Klatzman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Champagne</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Chamaret</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>T lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>312</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>767</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>768</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib23">
<ce:label>23.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>AG</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Dagleish</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Beverly</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>PR</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Clapham</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>312</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>763</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>767</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib24">
<ce:label>24.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>MS</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Gottlieb</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Schroff</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>HM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Schanker</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>
<ce:italic>Pneumocystis carinii</ce:italic>
pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>N Engl J Med</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>305</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1981</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1425</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1431</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib25">
<ce:label>25.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Dwyer</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JG</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>McNamara</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>LH</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Sigal</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Immunological abnormalities in patients with the acquired mimunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a review</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Clin Immunol Rev</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>3</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>25</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>129</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib26">
<ce:label>26.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>HC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lane</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Depper</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>WC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Greene</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Qualitative analysis of immune function in patients with the AIDS evidence for a selective defect in soluble antigen</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>N Engl J Med</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>313</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1985</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>79</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>84</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib27">
<ce:label>27.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>AS</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Fauci</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>AM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Macher</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DL</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Longo</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic and therapeutic considerations</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Ann Intern Med</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>100</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>92</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>106</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib28">
<ce:label>28.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JD</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Mosca</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DP</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bednarik</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>NBK</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Raj</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Herpes simplex type-1 can reactivate transcription of latent human immunodeficiency virus</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>324</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1987</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>67</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>70</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib29">
<ce:label>29.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Griscelli</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Durandy</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Guy-Grand</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>A syndrome associating partial albinism and immunodeficiency</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Am J Med</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>65</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1978</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>691</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>701</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib30">
<ce:label>30.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Yakura</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Wakisaka</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Aizawa</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>HLA-D antigen of Japanese origin (LD-Wa) and its association with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Tissue Antigens</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>8</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1976</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>35</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>42</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib31">
<ce:label>31.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koenig</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>HE</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Gendelman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Orenstein</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Science</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>233</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1089</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1093</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib32">
<ce:label>32.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>SM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Schnittman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>HC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lane</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>SE</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Higgins</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Direct polyclonal activation of human B lymphocytes by the acquired immune deficiency virus</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Science</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>233</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1084</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1086</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib33">
<ce:label>33.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kouns</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DM</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Marty</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>RW</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Sharpe</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Oligoclonal bands in serum protein electrophoretograms of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus antibodies</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Am Med Assoc</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>256</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>2343</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib34">
<ce:label>34.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JKA</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nicholson</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JS</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>McDougal</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>TJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Spira</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Immunoregulatory subsets of the T helper and T suppressor cell populations in homosexual men with chronic unexplained lymphadenopathy</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Clin Invest</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>73</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>191</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>201</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib35">
<ce:label>35.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JKA</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nicolson</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JS</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>McDougal</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>TJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Spira</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Alterations of functional subsets of T helper and T suppressor cell populations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and chronic unexplained lymphadenopathy</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Clin Immunol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>5</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1985</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>269</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>273</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib36">
<ce:label>36.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Aubock</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>N</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Romani</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>G</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Grubauer</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>P</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Fritsch</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>HLA DR expression on keratinocytes is a common feature of diseased skin</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Br J Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>114</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>465</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>472</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib37">
<ce:label>37.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>TY</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Basham</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>BJ</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nicholoff</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>TC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Merigan</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>VB</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Morhenn</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Recombinant gamma interferon induces HLA-DR expression on cultured human keratinocytes</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Invest Dermatol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>83</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>88</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>90</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib38">
<ce:label>38.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>TY</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Basham</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>TC</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Merigan</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Recombinant interferon gamma increases HLA-DR synthesis and expression</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J Immunol</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>130</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1492</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1494</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib39">
<ce:label>39.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Suzumura</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lavi</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weiss</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DH</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Silberberg</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Corona-virus infection induces H-Z antigen expression on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Science</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>232</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>991</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>993</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib40">
<ce:label>40.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Londei</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>JR</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lamb</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>GF</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Botalizzo</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Feldman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Epithelial cells expressing MHC II determinants can present antigen to cloned T cells</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>312</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>639</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>641</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib41">
<ce:label>41.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>P</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Southern</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>MBA</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Oldstone</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Medical consequences of persistent viral infection</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>N Engl J Med</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>314</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>359</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>366</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib42">
<ce:label>42.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>RB</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Stricker</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>DI</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Abrams</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>L</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Corash</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>MA</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Shuman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Target platelet antigen in homosexual men with immune thrombocytopenia</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>N Engl J Med</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>313</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1985</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1375</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1380</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib43">
<ce:label>43.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>HO</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>McDevitt</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>The molecular basis of autoimmunity</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Clin Res</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>34</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>163</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>175</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
</ce:bibliography-sec>
</ce:bibliography>
</tail>
</article>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6">
<titleInfo lang="en">
<title>Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA">
<title>Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Madeleine</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Duvic</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart>
<affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<affiliation>Internal Medicine, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<affiliation>Reprint requests to: Dr. Madeleine Duvic, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1,204, Houston, TX 77030</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Ronald</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rapini</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart>
<affiliation>University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, The M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Departments of Dermatology, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">William Keith</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hoots</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart>
<affiliation>Pediatrics, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Peter W.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mansell</namePart>
<namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute for Immunologic Disorders, Houston, TX</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre>
<originInfo>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1987</dateIssued>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1987</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
<language>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
</language>
<abstract lang="en">Persistent viral infections have been postulated to be trigger factors for the development of autoimmune disease. We report the development of vitiligo in four patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—related conditions and in one patient with hepatitis who later developed both psoriasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other common features were hepatitis and multiple other viral infections. Ribavirin was associated with repigmentation in one patient. Vitiligo may be an example of an autoimmune disease triggered by viral infection in a genetically predisposed host.</abstract>
<note>Cost of the photographs was defrayed in part by a grant from Ortho Pharmaceuticals</note>
<relatedItem type="host">
<titleInfo>
<title>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated">
<title>YMJD</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre>
<originInfo>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1987</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
<identifier type="ISSN">0190-9622</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">S0190-9622(05)X7100-6</identifier>
<part>
<date>1987</date>
<detail type="volume">
<number>17</number>
<caption>vol.</caption>
</detail>
<detail type="issue">
<number>4</number>
<caption>no.</caption>
</detail>
<extent unit="issue-pages">
<start>539</start>
<end>702</end>
</extent>
<extent unit="pages">
<start>656</start>
<end>662</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">4837943E3E60D1DA70F8943C7B22ED2BF63ADF7E</identifier>
<identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70252-7</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">S0190-9622(87)70252-7</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">80449</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1987 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.</accessCondition>
<recordInfo>
<recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>American Academy of Dermatology, Inc., ©1987</recordOrigin>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
<json:item>
<extension>json</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/json</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-RS80WS6S-K/record.json</uri>
</json:item>
</metadata>
<serie></serie>
</istex>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/CovidV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000551 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000551 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Sante
   |area=    CovidV1
   |flux=    Istex
   |étape=   Corpus
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     ISTEX:4837943E3E60D1DA70F8943C7B22ED2BF63ADF7E
   |texte=   Human immunodeficiency virus—associated vitiligo: Expression of autoimmunity with immunodeficiency?
}}

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Fri Mar 27 18:14:15 2020. Site generation: Sun Jan 31 15:15:08 2021