Expansion of plasmablasts and loss of memory B cells in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.
Identifieur interne : 000575 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000574; suivant : 000576Expansion of plasmablasts and loss of memory B cells in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.
Auteurs : Sara De Biasi [Italie] ; Domenico Lo Tartaro [Italie] ; Marianna Meschiari [Italie] ; Lara Gibellini [Italie] ; Caterina Bellinazzi [Italie] ; Rebecca Borella [Italie] ; Lucia Fidanza [Italie] ; Marco Mattioli [Italie] ; Annamaria Paolini [Italie] ; Licia Gozzi [Italie] ; Dina Jaacoub [Italie] ; Matteo Faltoni [Italie] ; Sara Volpi [Italie] ; Jovana Mili [Italie] ; Marco Sita [Italie] ; Mario Sarti [Italie] ; Carlo Pucillo [Italie] ; Massimo Girardis [Italie] ; Giovanni Guaraldi [Italie] ; Cristina Mussini [Italie] ; Andrea Cossarizza [Italie]Source :
- European journal of immunology [ 1521-4141 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Activation des lymphocytes (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Analyse de survie (MeSH), Anticorps antiviraux (classification), Anticorps antiviraux (sang), Betacoronavirus (immunologie), Betacoronavirus (pathogénicité), Culture de cellules primaires (MeSH), Cytokines (génétique), Cytokines (immunologie), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Immunité humorale (MeSH), Indice de gravité de la maladie (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (anatomopathologie), Infections à coronavirus (immunologie), Infections à coronavirus (mortalité), Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Isotypes des immunoglobulines (sang), Lymphocytes B (immunologie), Lymphocytes B (virologie), Mâle (MeSH), Mémoire immunologique (MeSH), Numération des lymphocytes (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (anatomopathologie), Pneumopathie virale (immunologie), Pneumopathie virale (mortalité), Pneumopathie virale (virologie), Poumon (anatomopathologie), Poumon (immunologie), Poumon (virologie), Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène (immunologie), Prolifération cellulaire (MeSH), Protéine C-réactive (immunologie), Scores de dysfonction d'organes (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Études cas-témoins (MeSH), Études transversales (MeSH).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale, Poumon.
- classification : Anticorps antiviraux.
- génétique : Cytokines.
- immunologie : Betacoronavirus, Cytokines, Infections à coronavirus, Lymphocytes B, Pneumopathie virale, Poumon, Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène, Protéine C-réactive.
- mortalité : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- pathogénicité : Betacoronavirus.
- sang : Anticorps antiviraux, Isotypes des immunoglobulines.
- virologie : Infections à coronavirus, Lymphocytes B, Pneumopathie virale, Poumon.
- Activation des lymphocytes, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Analyse de survie, Culture de cellules primaires, Femelle, Humains, Immunité humorale, Indice de gravité de la maladie, Mâle, Mémoire immunologique, Numération des lymphocytes, Pandémies, Prolifération cellulaire, Scores de dysfonction d'organes, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études cas-témoins, Études transversales.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Antibodies, Viral (blood), Antibodies, Viral (classification), B-Lymphocytes (immunology), B-Lymphocytes (virology), Betacoronavirus (immunology), Betacoronavirus (pathogenicity), C-Reactive Protein (immunology), Case-Control Studies (MeSH), Cell Proliferation (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (immunology), Coronavirus Infections (mortality), Coronavirus Infections (pathology), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH), Cytokines (genetics), Cytokines (immunology), Female (MeSH), Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products (immunology), Humans (MeSH), Immunity, Humoral (MeSH), Immunoglobulin Isotypes (blood), Immunologic Memory (MeSH), Lung (immunology), Lung (pathology), Lung (virology), Lymphocyte Activation (MeSH), Lymphocyte Count (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Organ Dysfunction Scores (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (immunology), Pneumonia, Viral (mortality), Pneumonia, Viral (pathology), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Primary Cell Culture (MeSH), Severity of Illness Index (MeSH), Survival Analysis (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Viral, Immunoglobulin Isotypes.
- chemical , classification : Antibodies, Viral.
- chemical , genetics : Cytokines.
- immunology : B-Lymphocytes, Betacoronavirus, C-Reactive Protein, Coronavirus Infections, Cytokines, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, Lung, Pneumonia, Viral.
- mortality : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- pathogenicity : Betacoronavirus.
- pathology : Coronavirus Infections, Lung, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : B-Lymphocytes, Coronavirus Infections, Lung, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Cell Proliferation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Immunity, Humoral, Immunologic Memory, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Dysfunction Scores, Pandemics, Primary Cell Culture, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis.
Abstract
Studies on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immunity are fundamental to elaborate effective therapies including vaccines. We used polychromatic flow cytometry, coupled with unsupervised data analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), to interrogate B cells in untreated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. COVID-19 patients displayed normal plasma levels of the main immunoglobulin classes, of antibodies against common antigens or against antigens present in common vaccines. However, we found a decreased number of total and naïve B cells, along with decreased percentages and numbers of memory switched and unswitched B cells. On the contrary, IgM+ and IgM- plasmablasts were significantly increased. In vitro cell activation revealed that B lymphocytes showed a normal proliferation index and number of dividing cells per cycle. PCA indicated that B-cell number, naive and memory B cells but not plasmablasts clustered with patients who were discharged, while plasma IgM level, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and SOFA score with those who died. In patients with pneumonia, the derangement of the B-cell compartment could be one of the causes of the immunological failure to control SARS-Cov2, have a relevant influence on several pathways, organs and systems, and must be considered to develop vaccine strategies.
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048838
PubMed: 32910469
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Bellinazzi, Caterina" sort="Bellinazzi, Caterina" uniqKey="Bellinazzi C" first="Caterina" last="Bellinazzi">Caterina Bellinazzi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Paolini, Annamaria" sort="Paolini, Annamaria" uniqKey="Paolini A" first="Annamaria" last="Paolini">Annamaria Paolini</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gozzi, Licia" sort="Gozzi, Licia" uniqKey="Gozzi L" first="Licia" last="Gozzi">Licia Gozzi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jaacoub, Dina" sort="Jaacoub, Dina" uniqKey="Jaacoub D" first="Dina" last="Jaacoub">Dina Jaacoub</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Faltoni, Matteo" sort="Faltoni, Matteo" uniqKey="Faltoni M" first="Matteo" last="Faltoni">Matteo Faltoni</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Volpi, Sara" sort="Volpi, Sara" uniqKey="Volpi S" first="Sara" last="Volpi">Sara Volpi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sita, Marco" sort="Sita, Marco" uniqKey="Sita M" first="Marco" last="Sita">Marco Sita</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sarti, Mario" sort="Sarti, Mario" uniqKey="Sarti M" first="Mario" last="Sarti">Mario Sarti</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pucillo, Carlo" sort="Pucillo, Carlo" uniqKey="Pucillo C" first="Carlo" last="Pucillo">Carlo Pucillo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Girardis, Massimo" sort="Girardis, Massimo" uniqKey="Girardis M" first="Massimo" last="Girardis">Massimo Girardis</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Guaraldi, Giovanni" sort="Guaraldi, Giovanni" uniqKey="Guaraldi G" first="Giovanni" last="Guaraldi">Giovanni Guaraldi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mussini, Cristina" sort="Mussini, Cristina" uniqKey="Mussini C" first="Cristina" last="Mussini">Cristina Mussini</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cossarizza, Andrea" sort="Cossarizza, Andrea" uniqKey="Cossarizza A" first="Andrea" last="Cossarizza">Andrea Cossarizza</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Expansion of plasmablasts and loss of memory B cells in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Biasi, Sara" sort="De Biasi, Sara" uniqKey="De Biasi S" first="Sara" last="De Biasi">Sara De Biasi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lo Tartaro, Domenico" sort="Lo Tartaro, Domenico" uniqKey="Lo Tartaro D" first="Domenico" last="Lo Tartaro">Domenico Lo Tartaro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meschiari, Marianna" sort="Meschiari, Marianna" uniqKey="Meschiari M" first="Marianna" last="Meschiari">Marianna Meschiari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gibellini, Lara" sort="Gibellini, Lara" uniqKey="Gibellini L" first="Lara" last="Gibellini">Lara Gibellini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellinazzi, Caterina" sort="Bellinazzi, Caterina" uniqKey="Bellinazzi C" first="Caterina" last="Bellinazzi">Caterina Bellinazzi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borella, Rebecca" sort="Borella, Rebecca" uniqKey="Borella R" first="Rebecca" last="Borella">Rebecca Borella</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fidanza, Lucia" sort="Fidanza, Lucia" uniqKey="Fidanza L" first="Lucia" last="Fidanza">Lucia Fidanza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mattioli, Marco" sort="Mattioli, Marco" uniqKey="Mattioli M" first="Marco" last="Mattioli">Marco Mattioli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paolini, Annamaria" sort="Paolini, Annamaria" uniqKey="Paolini A" first="Annamaria" last="Paolini">Annamaria Paolini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Gozzi, Licia" sort="Gozzi, Licia" uniqKey="Gozzi L" first="Licia" last="Gozzi">Licia Gozzi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaacoub, Dina" sort="Jaacoub, Dina" uniqKey="Jaacoub D" first="Dina" last="Jaacoub">Dina Jaacoub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Faltoni, Matteo" sort="Faltoni, Matteo" uniqKey="Faltoni M" first="Matteo" last="Faltoni">Matteo Faltoni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volpi, Sara" sort="Volpi, Sara" uniqKey="Volpi S" first="Sara" last="Volpi">Sara Volpi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mili, Jovana" sort="Mili, Jovana" uniqKey="Mili J" first="Jovana" last="Mili">Jovana Mili</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sita, Marco" sort="Sita, Marco" uniqKey="Sita M" first="Marco" last="Sita">Marco Sita</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarti, Mario" sort="Sarti, Mario" uniqKey="Sarti M" first="Mario" last="Sarti">Mario Sarti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pucillo, Carlo" sort="Pucillo, Carlo" uniqKey="Pucillo C" first="Carlo" last="Pucillo">Carlo Pucillo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Udine</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Girardis, Massimo" sort="Girardis, Massimo" uniqKey="Girardis M" first="Massimo" last="Girardis">Massimo Girardis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guaraldi, Giovanni" sort="Guaraldi, Giovanni" uniqKey="Guaraldi G" first="Giovanni" last="Guaraldi">Giovanni Guaraldi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mussini, Cristina" sort="Mussini, Cristina" uniqKey="Mussini C" first="Cristina" last="Mussini">Cristina Mussini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cossarizza, Andrea" sort="Cossarizza, Andrea" uniqKey="Cossarizza A" first="Andrea" last="Cossarizza">Andrea Cossarizza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Modena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">European journal of immunology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1521-4141</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term>
<term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term>
<term>Antibodies, Viral (classification)</term>
<term>B-Lymphocytes (immunology)</term>
<term>B-Lymphocytes (virology)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (immunology)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>C-Reactive Protein (immunology)</term>
<term>Case-Control Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cell Proliferation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (immunology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (mortality)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (pathology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cytokines (genetics)</term>
<term>Cytokines (immunology)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products (immunology)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Immunity, Humoral (MeSH)</term>
<term>Immunoglobulin Isotypes (blood)</term>
<term>Immunologic Memory (MeSH)</term>
<term>Lung (immunology)</term>
<term>Lung (pathology)</term>
<term>Lung (virology)</term>
<term>Lymphocyte Activation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Lymphocyte Count (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Organ Dysfunction Scores (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (immunology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (mortality)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (pathology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term>
<term>Primary Cell Culture (MeSH)</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index (MeSH)</term>
<term>Survival Analysis (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activation des lymphocytes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Analyse de survie (MeSH)</term>
<term>Anticorps antiviraux (classification)</term>
<term>Anticorps antiviraux (sang)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (immunologie)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Culture de cellules primaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cytokines (génétique)</term>
<term>Cytokines (immunologie)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Immunité humorale (MeSH)</term>
<term>Indice de gravité de la maladie (MeSH)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (immunologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (mortalité)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term>
<term>Isotypes des immunoglobulines (sang)</term>
<term>Lymphocytes B (immunologie)</term>
<term>Lymphocytes B (virologie)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mémoire immunologique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Numération des lymphocytes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (immunologie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (mortalité)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (virologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (immunologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (virologie)</term>
<term>Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène (immunologie)</term>
<term>Prolifération cellulaire (MeSH)</term>
<term>Protéine C-réactive (immunologie)</term>
<term>Scores de dysfonction d'organes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH)</term>
<term>Études cas-témoins (MeSH)</term>
<term>Études transversales (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Viral</term>
<term>Immunoglobulin Isotypes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Cytokines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cytokines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Cytokines</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Lymphocytes B</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
<term>Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène</term>
<term>Protéine C-réactive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>B-Lymphocytes</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>C-Reactive Protein</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Cytokines</term>
<term>Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products</term>
<term>Lung</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Lung</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term>
<term>Isotypes des immunoglobulines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Lymphocytes B</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>B-Lymphocytes</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Lung</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over</term>
<term>Case-Control Studies</term>
<term>Cell Proliferation</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Immunity, Humoral</term>
<term>Immunologic Memory</term>
<term>Lymphocyte Activation</term>
<term>Lymphocyte Count</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Organ Dysfunction Scores</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Primary Cell Culture</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index</term>
<term>Survival Analysis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activation des lymphocytes</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Analyse de survie</term>
<term>Culture de cellules primaires</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Immunité humorale</term>
<term>Indice de gravité de la maladie</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Mémoire immunologique</term>
<term>Numération des lymphocytes</term>
<term>Pandémies</term>
<term>Prolifération cellulaire</term>
<term>Scores de dysfonction d'organes</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term>
<term>Études cas-témoins</term>
<term>Études transversales</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Studies on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immunity are fundamental to elaborate effective therapies including vaccines. We used polychromatic flow cytometry, coupled with unsupervised data analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), to interrogate B cells in untreated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. COVID-19 patients displayed normal plasma levels of the main immunoglobulin classes, of antibodies against common antigens or against antigens present in common vaccines. However, we found a decreased number of total and naïve B cells, along with decreased percentages and numbers of memory switched and unswitched B cells. On the contrary, IgM<sup>+</sup>
and IgM<sup>-</sup>
plasmablasts were significantly increased. In vitro cell activation revealed that B lymphocytes showed a normal proliferation index and number of dividing cells per cycle. PCA indicated that B-cell number, naive and memory B cells but not plasmablasts clustered with patients who were discharged, while plasma IgM level, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and SOFA score with those who died. In patients with pneumonia, the derangement of the B-cell compartment could be one of the causes of the immunological failure to control SARS-Cov2, have a relevant influence on several pathways, organs and systems, and must be considered to develop vaccine strategies.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32910469</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>22</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>22</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1521-4141</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>50</Volume>
<Issue>9</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>European journal of immunology</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Eur J Immunol</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Expansion of plasmablasts and loss of memory B cells in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>1283-1294</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/eji.202048838</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Studies on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immunity are fundamental to elaborate effective therapies including vaccines. We used polychromatic flow cytometry, coupled with unsupervised data analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), to interrogate B cells in untreated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. COVID-19 patients displayed normal plasma levels of the main immunoglobulin classes, of antibodies against common antigens or against antigens present in common vaccines. However, we found a decreased number of total and naïve B cells, along with decreased percentages and numbers of memory switched and unswitched B cells. On the contrary, IgM<sup>+</sup>
and IgM<sup>-</sup>
plasmablasts were significantly increased. In vitro cell activation revealed that B lymphocytes showed a normal proliferation index and number of dividing cells per cycle. PCA indicated that B-cell number, naive and memory B cells but not plasmablasts clustered with patients who were discharged, while plasma IgM level, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and SOFA score with those who died. In patients with pneumonia, the derangement of the B-cell compartment could be one of the causes of the immunological failure to control SARS-Cov2, have a relevant influence on several pathways, organs and systems, and must be considered to develop vaccine strategies.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2020 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Biasi</LastName>
<ForeName>Sara</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lo Tartaro</LastName>
<ForeName>Domenico</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meschiari</LastName>
<ForeName>Marianna</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gibellini</LastName>
<ForeName>Lara</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bellinazzi</LastName>
<ForeName>Caterina</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Borella</LastName>
<ForeName>Rebecca</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fidanza</LastName>
<ForeName>Lucia</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mattioli</LastName>
<ForeName>Marco</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paolini</LastName>
<ForeName>Annamaria</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gozzi</LastName>
<ForeName>Licia</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jaacoub</LastName>
<ForeName>Dina</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faltoni</LastName>
<ForeName>Matteo</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Volpi</LastName>
<ForeName>Sara</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Milić</LastName>
<ForeName>Jovana</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sita</LastName>
<ForeName>Marco</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sarti</LastName>
<ForeName>Mario</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pucillo</LastName>
<ForeName>Carlo</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4872-6156</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Girardis</LastName>
<ForeName>Massimo</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guaraldi</LastName>
<ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName>
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<Month>07</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
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