Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients.
Identifieur interne : 000157 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 000156; suivant : 000158Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients.
Auteurs : Surita Aodeng [République populaire de Chine] ; Weiqing Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yu Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Guodong Feng [République populaire de Chine] ; Jian Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Wei Lv [République populaire de Chine] ; Hua Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xin Ding [République populaire de Chine] ; Kaicheng Song [République populaire de Chine] ; Sirui Zhao [République populaire de Chine] ; Jiazhen Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Shuyang Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhiqiang Gao [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery [ 1873-734X ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification), Chine (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infection croisée (prévention et contrôle), Infections à coronavirus (chirurgie), Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (thérapie), Infections à coronavirus (transmission), Maladie grave (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (chirurgie), Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic), Pneumopathie virale (thérapie), Pneumopathie virale (transmission), Prise en charge des voies aériennes (méthodes), Prévention des infections (instrumentation), Prévention des infections (méthodes), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Techniques de laboratoire clinique (MeSH), Trachéotomie (méthodes), Transmission de maladie infectieuse du patient au professionnel de santé (prévention et contrôle), Équipement de protection individuelle (MeSH), Études rétrospectives (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chirurgie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- diagnostic : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- isolement et purification : Betacoronavirus.
- méthodes : Prise en charge des voies aériennes, Prévention des infections, Trachéotomie.
- prévention et contrôle : Infection croisée, Transmission de maladie infectieuse du patient au professionnel de santé.
- thérapie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Adulte d'âge moyen, Chine, Femelle, Humains, Infections à coronavirus, Maladie grave, Mâle, Pandémies, Pneumopathie virale, Prévention des infections, Résultat thérapeutique, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Techniques de laboratoire clinique, Équipement de protection individuelle, Études rétrospectives.
- Wicri :
- geographic : République populaire de Chine.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Airway Management (methods), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), China (MeSH), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (surgery), Coronavirus Infections (therapy), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Critical Illness (MeSH), Cross Infection (prevention & control), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Infection Control (instrumentation), Infection Control (methods), Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional (prevention & control), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Personal Protective Equipment (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (surgery), Pneumonia, Viral (therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (transmission), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Tracheotomy (methods), Treatment Outcome (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic : China.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- instrumentation : Infection Control.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- methods : Airway Management, Infection Control, Tracheotomy.
- prevention & control : Cross Infection, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional.
- surgery : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Critical Illness, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Personal Protective Equipment, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Critically ill patients often require prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation to support breathing; thus, the artificial airway must be managed by tracheotomy. Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 14 critically ill patients with COVID-19, who underwent bedside tracheotomy from March to April 2020 was conducted to summarize the indications for tracheotomy and key points related to personal protective equipment and surgical procedures.
RESULTS
All 14 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were critically ill. All tracheotomies were performed in the late phase of the infection course. The interval between the infection and tracheotomy was 33 days, and the median interval between intubation and tracheotomy was 25.5 days. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results of secretions from the operative incision and inside the tracheotomy tube were negative. Twelve patients improved after tracheotomy, with SpO2 levels maintained above 96%. One patient died of progressive respiratory failure; another patient died of uncontrolled septic shock. No medical staff who participated in the tracheotomy was infected.
CONCLUSIONS
Tracheotomy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who meet the indications for tracheotomy potentially represents a safer approach to manage the airway and help improve the treatment outcomes. A tracheotomy performed in the late phase of the disease has a relatively low risk of infection. Adherence to key steps in the tracheotomy procedure and donning adequate personal protection will help medical staff avoid infection.
DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa312
PubMed: 32951058
PubMed Central: PMC7543369
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Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Shuyang" sort="Zhang, Shuyang" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Shuyang" last="Zhang">Shuyang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name 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Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Weiqing" sort="Wang, Weiqing" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Weiqing" last="Wang">Weiqing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yu" sort="Chen, Yu" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yu" last="Chen">Yu Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Guodong" sort="Feng, Guodong" uniqKey="Feng G" first="Guodong" last="Feng">Guodong Feng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lv, Wei" sort="Lv, Wei" uniqKey="Lv W" first="Wei" last="Lv">Wei Lv</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Hua" sort="Yang, Hua" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Hua" last="Yang">Hua Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Xin" sort="Ding, Xin" uniqKey="Ding X" first="Xin" last="Ding">Xin Ding</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kaicheng" sort="Song, Kaicheng" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kaicheng" last="Song">Kaicheng Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Sirui" sort="Zhao, Sirui" uniqKey="Zhao S" first="Sirui" last="Zhao">Sirui Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jiazhen" sort="Liu, Jiazhen" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jiazhen" last="Liu">Jiazhen Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Shuyang" sort="Zhang, Shuyang" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Shuyang" last="Zhang">Shuyang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Zhiqiang" sort="Gao, Zhiqiang" uniqKey="Gao Z" first="Zhiqiang" last="Gao">Zhiqiang Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European 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virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="en"><term>Infection Control</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Airway Management</term><term>Infection Control</term><term>Tracheotomy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Prise en charge des voies aériennes</term><term>Prévention des infections</term><term>Trachéotomie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Cross Infection</term><term>Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prévention et contrôle" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infection croisée</term><term>Transmission de maladie infectieuse du patient au professionnel de santé</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="surgery" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="thérapie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term><term>Critical Illness</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Personal Protective Equipment</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Chine</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Maladie grave</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Prévention des infections</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique</term><term>Équipement de protection individuelle</term><term>Études rétrospectives</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>République populaire de Chine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Critically ill patients often require prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation to support breathing; thus, the artificial airway must be managed by tracheotomy. Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 14 critically ill patients with COVID-19, who underwent bedside tracheotomy from March to April 2020 was conducted to summarize the indications for tracheotomy and key points related to personal protective equipment and surgical procedures.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>All 14 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were critically ill. All tracheotomies were performed in the late phase of the infection course. The interval between the infection and tracheotomy was 33 days, and the median interval between intubation and tracheotomy was 25.5 days. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results of secretions from the operative incision and inside the tracheotomy tube were negative. Twelve patients improved after tracheotomy, with SpO2 levels maintained above 96%. One patient died of progressive respiratory failure; another patient died of uncontrolled septic shock. No medical staff who participated in the tracheotomy was infected.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Tracheotomy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who meet the indications for tracheotomy potentially represents a safer approach to manage the airway and help improve the treatment outcomes. A tracheotomy performed in the late phase of the disease has a relatively low risk of infection. Adherence to key steps in the tracheotomy procedure and donning adequate personal protection will help medical staff avoid infection.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32951058</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-734X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>58</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur J Cardiothorac Surg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>745-751</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/ejcts/ezaa312</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Critically ill patients often require prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation to support breathing; thus, the artificial airway must be managed by tracheotomy. Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 14 critically ill patients with COVID-19, who underwent bedside tracheotomy from March to April 2020 was conducted to summarize the indications for tracheotomy and key points related to personal protective equipment and surgical procedures.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">All 14 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were critically ill. All tracheotomies were performed in the late phase of the infection course. The interval between the infection and tracheotomy was 33 days, and the median interval between intubation and tracheotomy was 25.5 days. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results of secretions from the operative incision and inside the tracheotomy tube were negative. Twelve patients improved after tracheotomy, with SpO2 levels maintained above 96%. One patient died of progressive respiratory failure; another patient died of uncontrolled septic shock. No medical staff who participated in the tracheotomy was infected.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Tracheotomy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who meet the indications for tracheotomy potentially represents a safer approach to manage the airway and help improve the treatment outcomes. A tracheotomy performed in the late phase of the disease has a relatively low risk of infection. Adherence to key steps in the tracheotomy procedure and donning adequate personal protection will help medical staff avoid infection.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aodeng</LastName><ForeName>Surita</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Weiqing</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Yu</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>Guodong</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jian</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lv</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Hua</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ding</LastName><ForeName>Xin</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Song</LastName><ForeName>Kaicheng</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Sirui</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Jiazhen</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Shuyang</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Zhiqiang</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Eur J Cardiothorac Surg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8804069</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1010-7940</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000657964">COVID-19 diagnostic 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