Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients.
Identifieur interne : 000157 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000156; suivant : 000158Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients.
Auteurs : Surita Aodeng ; Weiqing Wang ; Yu Chen ; Guodong Feng ; Jian Wang ; Wei Lv ; Hua Yang ; Xin Ding ; Kaicheng Song ; Sirui Zhao ; Jiazhen Liu ; Shuyang Zhang ; Zhiqiang GaoSource :
- European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery [ 1873-734X ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Airway Management (methods), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), China (MeSH), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (surgery), Coronavirus Infections (therapy), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Critical Illness (MeSH), Cross Infection (prevention & control), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Infection Control (instrumentation), Infection Control (methods), Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional (prevention & control), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Personal Protective Equipment (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (surgery), Pneumonia, Viral (therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (transmission), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Tracheotomy (methods), Treatment Outcome (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic : China.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- instrumentation : Infection Control.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- methods : Airway Management, Infection Control, Tracheotomy.
- prevention & control : Cross Infection, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional.
- surgery : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Critical Illness, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Personal Protective Equipment, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Critically ill patients often require prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation to support breathing; thus, the artificial airway must be managed by tracheotomy. Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 14 critically ill patients with COVID-19, who underwent bedside tracheotomy from March to April 2020 was conducted to summarize the indications for tracheotomy and key points related to personal protective equipment and surgical procedures.
RESULTS
All 14 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were critically ill. All tracheotomies were performed in the late phase of the infection course. The interval between the infection and tracheotomy was 33 days, and the median interval between intubation and tracheotomy was 25.5 days. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results of secretions from the operative incision and inside the tracheotomy tube were negative. Twelve patients improved after tracheotomy, with SpO2 levels maintained above 96%. One patient died of progressive respiratory failure; another patient died of uncontrolled septic shock. No medical staff who participated in the tracheotomy was infected.
CONCLUSIONS
Tracheotomy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who meet the indications for tracheotomy potentially represents a safer approach to manage the airway and help improve the treatment outcomes. A tracheotomy performed in the late phase of the disease has a relatively low risk of infection. Adherence to key steps in the tracheotomy procedure and donning adequate personal protection will help medical staff avoid infection.
DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa312
PubMed: 32951058
PubMed Central: PMC7543369
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32951058Le document en format XML
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Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lv, Wei" sort="Lv, Wei" uniqKey="Lv W" first="Wei" last="Lv">Wei Lv</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Hua" sort="Yang, Hua" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Hua" last="Yang">Hua Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Xin" sort="Ding, Xin" uniqKey="Ding X" first="Xin" last="Ding">Xin Ding</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kaicheng" sort="Song, Kaicheng" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kaicheng" last="Song">Kaicheng Song</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Sirui" sort="Zhao, Sirui" uniqKey="Zhao S" first="Sirui" last="Zhao">Sirui Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jiazhen" sort="Liu, Jiazhen" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jiazhen" last="Liu">Jiazhen Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Shuyang" sort="Zhang, Shuyang" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Shuyang" last="Zhang">Shuyang Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Zhiqiang" sort="Gao, Zhiqiang" uniqKey="Gao Z" first="Zhiqiang" last="Gao">Zhiqiang Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32951058</idno><idno type="pmid">32951058</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/ejcts/ezaa312</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7543369</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000157</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000157</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients.</title><author><name sortKey="Aodeng, Surita" sort="Aodeng, Surita" uniqKey="Aodeng S" first="Surita" last="Aodeng">Surita Aodeng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Weiqing" sort="Wang, Weiqing" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Weiqing" last="Wang">Weiqing Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yu" sort="Chen, Yu" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yu" last="Chen">Yu Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Guodong" sort="Feng, Guodong" uniqKey="Feng G" first="Guodong" last="Feng">Guodong Feng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lv, Wei" sort="Lv, Wei" uniqKey="Lv W" first="Wei" last="Lv">Wei Lv</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Hua" sort="Yang, Hua" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Hua" last="Yang">Hua Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Xin" sort="Ding, Xin" uniqKey="Ding X" first="Xin" last="Ding">Xin Ding</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Kaicheng" sort="Song, Kaicheng" uniqKey="Song K" first="Kaicheng" last="Song">Kaicheng Song</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Sirui" sort="Zhao, Sirui" uniqKey="Zhao S" first="Sirui" last="Zhao">Sirui Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jiazhen" sort="Liu, Jiazhen" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jiazhen" last="Liu">Jiazhen Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Shuyang" sort="Zhang, Shuyang" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Shuyang" last="Zhang">Shuyang Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Zhiqiang" sort="Gao, Zhiqiang" uniqKey="Gao Z" first="Zhiqiang" last="Gao">Zhiqiang Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-734X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Airway Management (methods)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>China (MeSH)</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (surgery)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term><term>Critical Illness (MeSH)</term><term>Cross Infection (prevention & control)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Infection Control (instrumentation)</term><term>Infection Control (methods)</term><term>Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional (prevention & control)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Personal Protective Equipment (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (surgery)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (transmission)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Tracheotomy (methods)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="en"><term>Infection Control</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Airway Management</term><term>Infection Control</term><term>Tracheotomy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Cross Infection</term><term>Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="surgery" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term><term>Critical Illness</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Personal Protective Equipment</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Critically ill patients often require prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation to support breathing; thus, the artificial airway must be managed by tracheotomy. Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 14 critically ill patients with COVID-19, who underwent bedside tracheotomy from March to April 2020 was conducted to summarize the indications for tracheotomy and key points related to personal protective equipment and surgical procedures.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>All 14 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were critically ill. All tracheotomies were performed in the late phase of the infection course. The interval between the infection and tracheotomy was 33 days, and the median interval between intubation and tracheotomy was 25.5 days. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results of secretions from the operative incision and inside the tracheotomy tube were negative. Twelve patients improved after tracheotomy, with SpO2 levels maintained above 96%. One patient died of progressive respiratory failure; another patient died of uncontrolled septic shock. No medical staff who participated in the tracheotomy was infected.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Tracheotomy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who meet the indications for tracheotomy potentially represents a safer approach to manage the airway and help improve the treatment outcomes. A tracheotomy performed in the late phase of the disease has a relatively low risk of infection. Adherence to key steps in the tracheotomy procedure and donning adequate personal protection will help medical staff avoid infection.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32951058</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-734X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>58</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur J Cardiothorac Surg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>745-751</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/ejcts/ezaa312</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Critically ill patients often require prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation to support breathing; thus, the artificial airway must be managed by tracheotomy. Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 14 critically ill patients with COVID-19, who underwent bedside tracheotomy from March to April 2020 was conducted to summarize the indications for tracheotomy and key points related to personal protective equipment and surgical procedures.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">All 14 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were critically ill. All tracheotomies were performed in the late phase of the infection course. The interval between the infection and tracheotomy was 33 days, and the median interval between intubation and tracheotomy was 25.5 days. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results of secretions from the operative incision and inside the tracheotomy tube were negative. Twelve patients improved after tracheotomy, with SpO2 levels maintained above 96%. One patient died of progressive respiratory failure; another patient died of uncontrolled septic shock. No medical staff who participated in the tracheotomy was infected.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Tracheotomy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who meet the indications for tracheotomy potentially represents a safer approach to manage the airway and help improve the treatment outcomes. A tracheotomy performed in the late phase of the disease has a relatively low risk of infection. Adherence to key steps in the tracheotomy procedure and donning adequate personal protection will help medical staff avoid infection.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aodeng</LastName><ForeName>Surita</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Weiqing</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Yu</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>Guodong</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jian</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lv</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Hua</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ding</LastName><ForeName>Xin</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Song</LastName><ForeName>Kaicheng</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Sirui</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Jiazhen</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Shuyang</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Zhiqiang</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Eur J Cardiothorac Surg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8804069</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1010-7940</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000657964">COVID-19 diagnostic 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