Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients.
Identifieur interne : 000758 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000757; suivant : 000759Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients.
Auteurs : Ya-Qi Duan ; Ming-Hui Xia ; Liang Ren ; Yan-Fang Zhang ; Qi-Lin Ao ; San-Peng Xu ; Dong Kuang ; Qian Liu ; Bing Yan ; Yi-Wu Zhou ; Qian Chu ; Liang Liu ; Xiang-Ping Yang ; Guo-Ping WangSource :
- Current medical science [ 2523-899X ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adaptive Immunity (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Case-Control Studies (MeSH), China (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (immunology), Coronavirus Infections (mortality), Coronavirus Infections (pathology), Fatal Outcome (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Germinal Center (immunology), Germinal Center (pathology), Humans (MeSH), Lymphopenia (immunology), Lymphopenia (mortality), Lymphopenia (pathology), Macrophages (immunology), Macrophages (pathology), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (immunology), Pneumonia, Viral (mortality), Pneumonia, Viral (pathology), T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer (immunology), T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer (pathology).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : China.
- immunology : Coronavirus Infections, Germinal Center, Lymphopenia, Macrophages, Pneumonia, Viral, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer.
- mortality : Coronavirus Infections, Lymphopenia, Pneumonia, Viral.
- pathology : Coronavirus Infections, Germinal Center, Lymphopenia, Macrophages, Pneumonia, Viral, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer.
- Adaptive Immunity, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Betacoronavirus, Case-Control Studies, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 is characterized by a remarkable variation in clinical severity ranging from a mild illness to a fatal multi-organ disease. Understanding the dysregulated human immune responses in the fatal subjects is critical for management of COVID-19 patients and the pandemic. In this study, we examined the immune cell compositions in the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients and 4 focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) patients who underwent lung surgery and served as controls. We found a dominant presence of macrophages and a general deficiency of T cells and B cells in the lung tissues from deceased COVID-19 patients. In contrast to the FOP patients, Tfh cells and germinal center formation were largely absent in the draining hilar lymph nodes in the deceased COVID-19 patients. This was correlated with reduced IgM and IgG levels compared to convalescent COVID-19 patients. In summary, our data highlight a defect of germinal center structure in deceased COVID-19 patients leading to an impaired humoral immunity. Understanding the mechanisms of this deficiency will be one of the key points for the management of this epidemic.
DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2225-x
PubMed: 32767259
PubMed Central: PMC7412778
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32767259Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients.</title><author><name sortKey="Duan, Ya Qi" sort="Duan, Ya Qi" uniqKey="Duan Y" first="Ya-Qi" last="Duan">Ya-Qi Duan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xia, Ming Hui" sort="Xia, Ming Hui" uniqKey="Xia M" first="Ming-Hui" last="Xia">Ming-Hui Xia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Liang" sort="Ren, Liang" uniqKey="Ren L" first="Liang" last="Ren">Liang Ren</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yan Fang" sort="Zhang, Yan Fang" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yan-Fang" last="Zhang">Yan-Fang Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ao, Qi Lin" sort="Ao, Qi Lin" uniqKey="Ao Q" first="Qi-Lin" last="Ao">Qi-Lin Ao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, San Peng" sort="Xu, San Peng" uniqKey="Xu S" first="San-Peng" last="Xu">San-Peng Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuang, Dong" sort="Kuang, Dong" uniqKey="Kuang D" first="Dong" last="Kuang">Dong Kuang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Qian" sort="Liu, Qian" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qian" last="Liu">Qian Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Yi Wu" sort="Zhou, Yi Wu" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yi-Wu" last="Zhou">Yi-Wu Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Qian" sort="Chu, Qian" uniqKey="Chu Q" first="Qian" last="Chu">Qian Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Liang" sort="Liu, Liang" uniqKey="Liu L" first="Liang" last="Liu">Liang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. liuliang@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xiang Ping" sort="Yang, Xiang Ping" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xiang-Ping" last="Yang">Xiang-Ping Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. yangxp@hust.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Guo Ping" sort="Wang, Guo Ping" uniqKey="Wang G" first="Guo-Ping" last="Wang">Guo-Ping Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. wanggp@hust.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. wanggp@hust.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32767259</idno><idno type="pmid">32767259</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s11596-020-2225-x</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7412778</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000758</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000758</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients.</title><author><name sortKey="Duan, Ya Qi" sort="Duan, Ya Qi" uniqKey="Duan Y" first="Ya-Qi" last="Duan">Ya-Qi Duan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xia, Ming Hui" sort="Xia, Ming Hui" uniqKey="Xia M" first="Ming-Hui" last="Xia">Ming-Hui Xia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Liang" sort="Ren, Liang" uniqKey="Ren L" first="Liang" last="Ren">Liang Ren</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yan Fang" sort="Zhang, Yan Fang" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yan-Fang" last="Zhang">Yan-Fang Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ao, Qi Lin" sort="Ao, Qi Lin" uniqKey="Ao Q" first="Qi-Lin" last="Ao">Qi-Lin Ao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, San Peng" sort="Xu, San Peng" uniqKey="Xu S" first="San-Peng" last="Xu">San-Peng Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuang, Dong" sort="Kuang, Dong" uniqKey="Kuang D" first="Dong" last="Kuang">Dong Kuang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Qian" sort="Liu, Qian" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qian" last="Liu">Qian Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Yi Wu" sort="Zhou, Yi Wu" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yi-Wu" last="Zhou">Yi-Wu Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Qian" sort="Chu, Qian" uniqKey="Chu Q" first="Qian" last="Chu">Qian Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Liang" sort="Liu, Liang" uniqKey="Liu L" first="Liang" last="Liu">Liang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. liuliang@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xiang Ping" sort="Yang, Xiang Ping" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xiang-Ping" last="Yang">Xiang-Ping Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. yangxp@hust.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Guo Ping" sort="Wang, Guo Ping" uniqKey="Wang G" first="Guo-Ping" last="Wang">Guo-Ping Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. wanggp@hust.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. wanggp@hust.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Current medical science</title><idno type="eISSN">2523-899X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptive Immunity (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Case-Control Studies (MeSH)</term><term>China (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (immunology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (mortality)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (pathology)</term><term>Fatal Outcome (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Germinal Center (immunology)</term><term>Germinal Center (pathology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Lymphopenia (immunology)</term><term>Lymphopenia (mortality)</term><term>Lymphopenia (pathology)</term><term>Macrophages (immunology)</term><term>Macrophages (pathology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (immunology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (mortality)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (pathology)</term><term>T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer (immunology)</term><term>T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer (pathology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Germinal Center</term><term>Lymphopenia</term><term>Macrophages</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Lymphopenia</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Germinal Center</term><term>Lymphopenia</term><term>Macrophages</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptive Immunity</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Fatal Outcome</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 is characterized by a remarkable variation in clinical severity ranging from a mild illness to a fatal multi-organ disease. Understanding the dysregulated human immune responses in the fatal subjects is critical for management of COVID-19 patients and the pandemic. In this study, we examined the immune cell compositions in the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients and 4 focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) patients who underwent lung surgery and served as controls. We found a dominant presence of macrophages and a general deficiency of T cells and B cells in the lung tissues from deceased COVID-19 patients. In contrast to the FOP patients, Tfh cells and germinal center formation were largely absent in the draining hilar lymph nodes in the deceased COVID-19 patients. This was correlated with reduced IgM and IgG levels compared to convalescent COVID-19 patients. In summary, our data highlight a defect of germinal center structure in deceased COVID-19 patients leading to an impaired humoral immunity. Understanding the mechanisms of this deficiency will be one of the key points for the management of this epidemic.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32767259</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2523-899X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>40</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Current medical science</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Curr Med Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>618-624</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s11596-020-2225-x</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 is characterized by a remarkable variation in clinical severity ranging from a mild illness to a fatal multi-organ disease. Understanding the dysregulated human immune responses in the fatal subjects is critical for management of COVID-19 patients and the pandemic. In this study, we examined the immune cell compositions in the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients and 4 focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) patients who underwent lung surgery and served as controls. We found a dominant presence of macrophages and a general deficiency of T cells and B cells in the lung tissues from deceased COVID-19 patients. In contrast to the FOP patients, Tfh cells and germinal center formation were largely absent in the draining hilar lymph nodes in the deceased COVID-19 patients. This was correlated with reduced IgM and IgG levels compared to convalescent COVID-19 patients. In summary, our data highlight a defect of germinal center structure in deceased COVID-19 patients leading to an impaired humoral immunity. Understanding the mechanisms of this deficiency will be one of the key points for the management of this epidemic.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duan</LastName><ForeName>Ya-Qi</ForeName><Initials>YQ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xia</LastName><ForeName>Ming-Hui</ForeName><Initials>MH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ren</LastName><ForeName>Liang</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Yan-Fang</ForeName><Initials>YF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ao</LastName><ForeName>Qi-Lin</ForeName><Initials>QL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>San-Peng</ForeName><Initials>SP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kuang</LastName><ForeName>Dong</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Qian</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yan</LastName><ForeName>Bing</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Yi-Wu</ForeName><Initials>YW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chu</LastName><ForeName>Qian</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Liang</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. liuliang@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Xiang-Ping</ForeName><Initials>XP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. yangxp@hust.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Guo-Ping</ForeName><Initials>GP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. wanggp@hust.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. wanggp@hust.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D002363">Case Reports</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>China</Country><MedlineTA>Curr Med Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101729993</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2523-899X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056704" 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