Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.
Identifieur interne : 001779 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001778; suivant : 001780Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.
Auteurs : S A Meo ; D C Klonoff ; J. AkramSource :
- European review for medical and pharmacological sciences [ 2284-0729 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Chloroquine (therapeutic use), Clinical Trials as Topic (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns. The scientific community is actively exploring treatments that would potentially be effective in combating COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. In malarial pandemic countries, chloroquine is widely used to treat malaria. In malarial non-pandemic nations, chloroquine is not widely used. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine share similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to indirectly investigate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 by determining the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic nations. We sought evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that these drugs could show efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed in vitro studies, in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports, that were conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The studies on "COVID-19 and its allied treatment were found from World Health Organization (WHO), ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. The search was based on keywords: antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment modalities, and coronavirus. In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic countries. The review and analyses were performed on March 28, 2020.
RESULTS
For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles: 03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03 expert consensus reports. These studies were all suggestive that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections. We found that COVID-19 infections are highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral characteristics in vitro. The findings support the hypothesis that these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. People are currently using these drugs for malaria. It is reasonable, given the hypothetical benefit of these two drugs, that they are now being tested in clinical trials to assess their effectiveness to combat this global health crisis.
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_21038
PubMed: 32373993
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pubmed:32373993Le document en format XML
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Akram</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32373993</idno><idno type="pmid">32373993</idno><idno type="doi">10.26355/eurrev_202004_21038</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001779</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001779</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.</title><author><name sortKey="Meo, S A" sort="Meo, S A" uniqKey="Meo S" first="S A" last="Meo">S A Meo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. sultanmeo@hotmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klonoff, D C" sort="Klonoff, D C" uniqKey="Klonoff D" first="D C" last="Klonoff">D C Klonoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akram, J" sort="Akram, J" uniqKey="Akram J" first="J" last="Akram">J. Akram</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European review for medical and pharmacological sciences</title><idno type="eISSN">2284-0729</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Chloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Clinical Trials as Topic (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Chloroquine</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Clinical Trials as Topic</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns. The scientific community is actively exploring treatments that would potentially be effective in combating COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. In malarial pandemic countries, chloroquine is widely used to treat malaria. In malarial non-pandemic nations, chloroquine is not widely used. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine share similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to indirectly investigate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 by determining the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic nations. We sought evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that these drugs could show efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b></p><p>We reviewed in vitro studies, in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports, that were conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The studies on "COVID-19 and its allied treatment were found from World Health Organization (WHO), ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. The search was based on keywords: antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment modalities, and coronavirus. In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic countries. The review and analyses were performed on March 28, 2020.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles: 03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03 expert consensus reports. These studies were all suggestive that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections. We found that COVID-19 infections are highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral characteristics in vitro. The findings support the hypothesis that these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. People are currently using these drugs for malaria. It is reasonable, given the hypothetical benefit of these two drugs, that they are now being tested in clinical trials to assess their effectiveness to combat this global health crisis.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32373993</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2284-0729</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>24</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European review for medical and pharmacological sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>4539-4547</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">21038</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.26355/eurrev_202004_21038</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE">The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns. The scientific community is actively exploring treatments that would potentially be effective in combating COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. In malarial pandemic countries, chloroquine is widely used to treat malaria. In malarial non-pandemic nations, chloroquine is not widely used. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine share similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to indirectly investigate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 by determining the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic nations. We sought evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that these drugs could show efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS">We reviewed in vitro studies, in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports, that were conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The studies on "COVID-19 and its allied treatment were found from World Health Organization (WHO), ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. The search was based on keywords: antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment modalities, and coronavirus. In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic countries. The review and analyses were performed on March 28, 2020.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles: 03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03 expert consensus reports. These studies were all suggestive that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections. We found that COVID-19 infections are highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral characteristics in vitro. The findings support the hypothesis that these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. People are currently using these drugs for malaria. 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