Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial.
Identifieur interne : 001129 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001128; suivant : 001130Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial.
Auteurs : Caleb P. Skipper ; Katelyn A. Pastick ; Nicole W. Engen ; Ananta S. Bangdiwala ; Mahsa Abassi ; Sarah M. Lofgren ; Darlisha A. Williams ; Elizabeth C. Okafor ; Matthew F. Pullen ; Melanie R. Nicol ; Alanna A. Nascene ; Kathy H. Hullsiek ; Matthew P. Cheng ; Darlette Luke ; Sylvain A. Lother ; Lauren J. Mackenzie ; Glen Drobot ; Lauren E. Kelly ; Ilan S. Schwartz ; Ryan Zarychanski ; Emily G. Mcdonald ; Todd C. Lee ; Radha Rajasingham ; David R. BoulwareSource :
- Annals of internal medicine [ 1539-3704 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Antimalarials (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Double-Blind Method (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Follow-Up Studies (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Outpatients (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Time Factors (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antimalarials, Hydroxychloroquine.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Time Factors.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
No effective oral therapy exists for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether hydroxychloroquine could reduce COVID-19 severity in adult outpatients.
DESIGN
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 22 March through 20 May 2020. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04308668).
SETTING
Internet-based trial across the United States and Canada (40 states and 3 provinces).
PARTICIPANTS
Symptomatic, nonhospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or probable COVID-19 and high-risk exposure within 4 days of symptom onset.
INTERVENTION
Oral hydroxychloroquine (800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 hours, then 600 mg daily for 4 more days) or masked placebo.
MEASUREMENTS
Symptoms and severity at baseline and then at days 3, 5, 10, and 14 using a 10-point visual analogue scale. The primary end point was change in overall symptom severity over 14 days.
RESULTS
Of 491 patients randomly assigned to a group, 423 contributed primary end point data. Of these, 341 (81%) had laboratory-confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or epidemiologically linked exposure to a person with laboratory-confirmed infection; 56% (236 of 423) were enrolled within 1 day of symptoms starting. Change in symptom severity over 14 days did not differ between the hydroxychloroquine and placebo groups (difference in symptom severity: relative, 12%; absolute, -0.27 point [95% CI, -0.61 to 0.07 point];
LIMITATION
Only 58% of participants received SARS-CoV-2 testing because of severe U.S. testing shortages.
CONCLUSION
Hydroxychloroquine did not substantially reduce symptom severity in outpatients with early, mild COVID-19.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
Private donors.
DOI: 10.7326/M20-4207
PubMed: 32673060
PubMed Central: PMC7384270
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32673060Le document en format XML
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Pastick</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engen, Nicole W" sort="Engen, Nicole W" uniqKey="Engen N" first="Nicole W" last="Engen">Nicole W. Engen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bangdiwala, Ananta S" sort="Bangdiwala, Ananta S" uniqKey="Bangdiwala A" first="Ananta S" last="Bangdiwala">Ananta S. Bangdiwala</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abassi, Mahsa" sort="Abassi, Mahsa" uniqKey="Abassi M" first="Mahsa" last="Abassi">Mahsa Abassi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lofgren, Sarah M" sort="Lofgren, Sarah M" uniqKey="Lofgren S" first="Sarah M" last="Lofgren">Sarah M. Lofgren</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Darlisha A" sort="Williams, Darlisha A" uniqKey="Williams D" first="Darlisha A" last="Williams">Darlisha A. Williams</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okafor, Elizabeth C" sort="Okafor, Elizabeth C" uniqKey="Okafor E" first="Elizabeth C" last="Okafor">Elizabeth C. Okafor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pullen, Matthew F" sort="Pullen, Matthew F" uniqKey="Pullen M" first="Matthew F" last="Pullen">Matthew F. Pullen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicol, Melanie R" sort="Nicol, Melanie R" uniqKey="Nicol M" first="Melanie R" last="Nicol">Melanie R. Nicol</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascene, Alanna A" sort="Nascene, Alanna A" uniqKey="Nascene A" first="Alanna A" last="Nascene">Alanna A. Nascene</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hullsiek, Kathy H" sort="Hullsiek, Kathy H" uniqKey="Hullsiek K" first="Kathy H" last="Hullsiek">Kathy H. Hullsiek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Matthew P" sort="Cheng, Matthew P" uniqKey="Cheng M" first="Matthew P" last="Cheng">Matthew P. Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luke, Darlette" sort="Luke, Darlette" uniqKey="Luke D" first="Darlette" last="Luke">Darlette Luke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>M Health Fairview Investigational Drug Service Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lother, Sylvain A" sort="Lother, Sylvain A" uniqKey="Lother S" first="Sylvain A" last="Lother">Sylvain A. Lother</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackenzie, Lauren J" sort="Mackenzie, Lauren J" uniqKey="Mackenzie L" first="Lauren J" last="Mackenzie">Lauren J. Mackenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drobot, Glen" sort="Drobot, Glen" uniqKey="Drobot G" first="Glen" last="Drobot">Glen Drobot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, Lauren E" sort="Kelly, Lauren E" uniqKey="Kelly L" first="Lauren E" last="Kelly">Lauren E. Kelly</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (L.E.K.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Ilan S" sort="Schwartz, Ilan S" uniqKey="Schwartz I" first="Ilan S" last="Schwartz">Ilan S. Schwartz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (I.S.S.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarychanski, Ryan" sort="Zarychanski, Ryan" uniqKey="Zarychanski R" first="Ryan" last="Zarychanski">Ryan Zarychanski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Emily G" sort="Mcdonald, Emily G" uniqKey="Mcdonald E" first="Emily G" last="Mcdonald">Emily G. Mcdonald</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Todd C" sort="Lee, Todd C" uniqKey="Lee T" first="Todd C" last="Lee">Todd C. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajasingham, Radha" sort="Rajasingham, Radha" uniqKey="Rajasingham R" first="Radha" last="Rajasingham">Radha Rajasingham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boulware, David R" sort="Boulware, David R" uniqKey="Boulware D" first="David R" last="Boulware">David R. Boulware</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32673060</idno><idno type="pmid">32673060</idno><idno type="doi">10.7326/M20-4207</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7384270</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001129</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001129</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial.</title><author><name sortKey="Skipper, Caleb P" sort="Skipper, Caleb P" uniqKey="Skipper C" first="Caleb P" last="Skipper">Caleb P. Skipper</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pastick, Katelyn A" sort="Pastick, Katelyn A" uniqKey="Pastick K" first="Katelyn A" last="Pastick">Katelyn A. Pastick</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engen, Nicole W" sort="Engen, Nicole W" uniqKey="Engen N" first="Nicole W" last="Engen">Nicole W. Engen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bangdiwala, Ananta S" sort="Bangdiwala, Ananta S" uniqKey="Bangdiwala A" first="Ananta S" last="Bangdiwala">Ananta S. Bangdiwala</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abassi, Mahsa" sort="Abassi, Mahsa" uniqKey="Abassi M" first="Mahsa" last="Abassi">Mahsa Abassi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lofgren, Sarah M" sort="Lofgren, Sarah M" uniqKey="Lofgren S" first="Sarah M" last="Lofgren">Sarah M. Lofgren</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Darlisha A" sort="Williams, Darlisha A" uniqKey="Williams D" first="Darlisha A" last="Williams">Darlisha A. Williams</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okafor, Elizabeth C" sort="Okafor, Elizabeth C" uniqKey="Okafor E" first="Elizabeth C" last="Okafor">Elizabeth C. Okafor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pullen, Matthew F" sort="Pullen, Matthew F" uniqKey="Pullen M" first="Matthew F" last="Pullen">Matthew F. Pullen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicol, Melanie R" sort="Nicol, Melanie R" uniqKey="Nicol M" first="Melanie R" last="Nicol">Melanie R. Nicol</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascene, Alanna A" sort="Nascene, Alanna A" uniqKey="Nascene A" first="Alanna A" last="Nascene">Alanna A. Nascene</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hullsiek, Kathy H" sort="Hullsiek, Kathy H" uniqKey="Hullsiek K" first="Kathy H" last="Hullsiek">Kathy H. Hullsiek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Matthew P" sort="Cheng, Matthew P" uniqKey="Cheng M" first="Matthew P" last="Cheng">Matthew P. Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luke, Darlette" sort="Luke, Darlette" uniqKey="Luke D" first="Darlette" last="Luke">Darlette Luke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>M Health Fairview Investigational Drug Service Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lother, Sylvain A" sort="Lother, Sylvain A" uniqKey="Lother S" first="Sylvain A" last="Lother">Sylvain A. Lother</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackenzie, Lauren J" sort="Mackenzie, Lauren J" uniqKey="Mackenzie L" first="Lauren J" last="Mackenzie">Lauren J. Mackenzie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drobot, Glen" sort="Drobot, Glen" uniqKey="Drobot G" first="Glen" last="Drobot">Glen Drobot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, Lauren E" sort="Kelly, Lauren E" uniqKey="Kelly L" first="Lauren E" last="Kelly">Lauren E. Kelly</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (L.E.K.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Ilan S" sort="Schwartz, Ilan S" uniqKey="Schwartz I" first="Ilan S" last="Schwartz">Ilan S. Schwartz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (I.S.S.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarychanski, Ryan" sort="Zarychanski, Ryan" uniqKey="Zarychanski R" first="Ryan" last="Zarychanski">Ryan Zarychanski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Emily G" sort="Mcdonald, Emily G" uniqKey="Mcdonald E" first="Emily G" last="Mcdonald">Emily G. Mcdonald</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Todd C" sort="Lee, Todd C" uniqKey="Lee T" first="Todd C" last="Lee">Todd C. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajasingham, Radha" sort="Rajasingham, Radha" uniqKey="Rajasingham R" first="Radha" last="Rajasingham">Radha Rajasingham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boulware, David R" sort="Boulware, David R" uniqKey="Boulware D" first="David R" last="Boulware">David R. Boulware</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Annals of internal medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">1539-3704</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Antimalarials (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Double-Blind Method (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Follow-Up Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Outpatients (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antimalarials</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Double-Blind Method</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Outpatients</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>No effective oral therapy exists for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>To investigate whether hydroxychloroquine could reduce COVID-19 severity in adult outpatients.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>DESIGN</b></p><p>Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 22 March through 20 May 2020. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04308668).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>SETTING</b></p><p>Internet-based trial across the United States and Canada (40 states and 3 provinces).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PARTICIPANTS</b></p><p>Symptomatic, nonhospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or probable COVID-19 and high-risk exposure within 4 days of symptom onset.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>INTERVENTION</b></p><p>Oral hydroxychloroquine (800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 hours, then 600 mg daily for 4 more days) or masked placebo.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>MEASUREMENTS</b></p><p>Symptoms and severity at baseline and then at days 3, 5, 10, and 14 using a 10-point visual analogue scale. The primary end point was change in overall symptom severity over 14 days.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Of 491 patients randomly assigned to a group, 423 contributed primary end point data. Of these, 341 (81%) had laboratory-confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or epidemiologically linked exposure to a person with laboratory-confirmed infection; 56% (236 of 423) were enrolled within 1 day of symptoms starting. Change in symptom severity over 14 days did not differ between the hydroxychloroquine and placebo groups (difference in symptom severity: relative, 12%; absolute, -0.27 point [95% CI, -0.61 to 0.07 point]; </p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>LIMITATION</b></p><p>Only 58% of participants received SARS-CoV-2 testing because of severe U.S. testing shortages.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Hydroxychloroquine did not substantially reduce symptom severity in outpatients with early, mild COVID-19.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE</b></p><p>Private donors.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32673060</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1539-3704</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>173</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>20</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Annals of internal medicine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ann Intern Med</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>623-631</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.7326/M20-4207</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">No effective oral therapy exists for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE">To investigate whether hydroxychloroquine could reduce COVID-19 severity in adult outpatients.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DESIGN">Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 22 March through 20 May 2020. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04308668).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="SETTING">Internet-based trial across the United States and Canada (40 states and 3 provinces).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PARTICIPANTS">Symptomatic, nonhospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or probable COVID-19 and high-risk exposure within 4 days of symptom onset.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="INTERVENTION">Oral hydroxychloroquine (800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 hours, then 600 mg daily for 4 more days) or masked placebo.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MEASUREMENTS">Symptoms and severity at baseline and then at days 3, 5, 10, and 14 using a 10-point visual analogue scale. The primary end point was change in overall symptom severity over 14 days.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Of 491 patients randomly assigned to a group, 423 contributed primary end point data. Of these, 341 (81%) had laboratory-confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or epidemiologically linked exposure to a person with laboratory-confirmed infection; 56% (236 of 423) were enrolled within 1 day of symptoms starting. Change in symptom severity over 14 days did not differ between the hydroxychloroquine and placebo groups (difference in symptom severity: relative, 12%; absolute, -0.27 point [95% CI, -0.61 to 0.07 point]; <i>P</i> = 0.117). At 14 days, 24% (49 of 201) of participants receiving hydroxychloroquine had ongoing symptoms compared with 30% (59 of 194) receiving placebo (<i>P</i> = 0.21). Medication adverse effects occurred in 43% (92 of 212) of participants receiving hydroxychloroquine versus 22% (46 of 211) receiving placebo (<i>P</i> < 0.001). With placebo, 10 hospitalizations occurred (2 non-COVID-19-related), including 1 hospitalized death. With hydroxychloroquine, 4 hospitalizations occurred plus 1 nonhospitalized death (<i>P</i> = 0.29).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="LIMITATION">Only 58% of participants received SARS-CoV-2 testing because of severe U.S. testing shortages.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Hydroxychloroquine did not substantially reduce symptom severity in outpatients with early, mild COVID-19.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE">Private donors.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skipper</LastName><ForeName>Caleb P</ForeName><Initials>CP</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0000-8876</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pastick</LastName><ForeName>Katelyn A</ForeName><Initials>KA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1306-1713</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Engen</LastName><ForeName>Nicole W</ForeName><Initials>NW</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1118-4194</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bangdiwala</LastName><ForeName>Ananta S</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0062-9434</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abassi</LastName><ForeName>Mahsa</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9601-3006</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lofgren</LastName><ForeName>Sarah M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-6717-2614</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williams</LastName><ForeName>Darlisha A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Okafor</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth C</ForeName><Initials>EC</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1495-4596</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pullen</LastName><ForeName>Matthew F</ForeName><Initials>MF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4644-7487</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nicol</LastName><ForeName>Melanie R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5513-5509</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nascene</LastName><ForeName>Alanna A</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5622-5810</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hullsiek</LastName><ForeName>Kathy H</ForeName><Initials>KH</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2754-3473</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cheng</LastName><ForeName>Matthew P</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4867-2063</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luke</LastName><ForeName>Darlette</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>M Health Fairview Investigational Drug Service Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.L.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lother</LastName><ForeName>Sylvain A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1927-2682</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>MacKenzie</LastName><ForeName>Lauren J</ForeName><Initials>LJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4794-9120</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drobot</LastName><ForeName>Glen</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0879-9668</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kelly</LastName><ForeName>Lauren E</ForeName><Initials>LE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7567-0816</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (L.E.K.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwartz</LastName><ForeName>Ilan S</ForeName><Initials>IS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7522-0281</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (I.S.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zarychanski</LastName><ForeName>Ryan</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9455-6138</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.A.L., L.J.M., G.D., R.Z.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McDonald</LastName><ForeName>Emily G</ForeName><Initials>EG</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0783-0624</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Todd C</ForeName><Initials>TC</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2267-4239</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.P.C., E.G.M., T.C.L.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rajasingham</LastName><ForeName>Radha</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5531-0231</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boulware</LastName><ForeName>David R</ForeName><Initials>DR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.P.S., K.A.P., N.W.E., A.S.B., M.A., S.M.L., D.A.W., E.C.O., M.F.P., M.R.N., A.A.N., K.H.H., R.R., D.R.B.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>ClinicalTrials.gov</DataBankName><AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>NCT04308668</AccessionNumber></AccessionNumberList></DataBank></DataBankList><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 NS110519</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UL1 TR002494</GrantID><Acronym>TR</Acronym><Agency>NCATS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>K23 AI138851</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 AI125003</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>T32 AI055433</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>L30 TW011500</GrantID><Acronym>TW</Acronym><Agency>FIC NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>K23 MH121220</GrantID><Acronym>MH</Acronym><Agency>NIMH NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>K08 AI134262</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Ann Intern Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0372351</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0003-4819</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000962">Antimalarials</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2021 Mar;174(3):434</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33721533</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="ErratumIn"><RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2021 Mar;174(3):435</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33721537</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2021 Mar;174(3):434-435</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33721539</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2021 Mar;174(3):433-434</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33721540</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2021 Mar;174(3):432-433</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33721541</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000962" MajorTopicYN="N">Antimalarials</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="Y">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004311" MajorTopicYN="N">Double-Blind Method</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010045" 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PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32673060</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.7326/M20-4207</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7384270</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Aug;68(8):1636-1646</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32441771</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):732-739</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32150618</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 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