Coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with recent cardiac surgery: does chronic anticoagulant therapy have a protective effect?
Identifieur interne : 000C84 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000C83; suivant : 000C85Coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with recent cardiac surgery: does chronic anticoagulant therapy have a protective effect?
Auteurs : Giuseppe Inama ; Claudio Dodi ; Martino Provini ; Enzo Bossoni ; Lorenza Inama ; Laura Balzarini ; Chiara Mancini ; Sara Ramponi ; Maurizio MarvisiSource :
- Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) [ 1558-2035 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged (MeSH), Anti-Infective Agents (administration & dosage), Anticoagulants (therapeutic use), Azithromycin (administration & dosage), COVID-19 (MeSH), Cardiac Surgical Procedures (adverse effects), Cardiac Surgical Procedures (methods), Combined Modality Therapy (methods), Coronavirus Infections (blood), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (mortality), Coronavirus Infections (physiopathology), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage), Male (MeSH), Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (therapeutic use), Pneumonia, Viral (blood), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (etiology), Pneumonia, Viral (mortality), Pneumonia, Viral (physiopathology), Postoperative Complications (blood), Postoperative Complications (prevention & control), Postoperative Complications (virology), Tomography, X-Ray Computed (methods).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Anti-Infective Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anticoagulants, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors.
- adverse effects : Cardiac Surgical Procedures.
- blood : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Postoperative Complications.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- etiology : Pneumonia, Viral.
- methods : Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Combined Modality Therapy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed.
- mortality : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- physiopathology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- prevention & control : Postoperative Complications.
- virology : Postoperative Complications.
- Aged, COVID-19, Female, Humans, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Pandemics.
Abstract
AIMS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients who had recently undergone a cardiac procedure and were inpatients in a cardiac rehabilitation department.
METHODS
All patients hospitalized from 1 February to 15 March 2020 were included in the study (n = 35; 16 men; mean age 78 years). The overall population was divided into two groups: group 1 included 10 patients who presented with a clinical picture of COVID-19 infection and were isolated, and group 2 included 25 patients who were COVID-19-negative. In group 1, nine patients were on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy and one patient was on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel. A chest computed tomography scan revealed interstitial pneumonia in all 10 patients.
RESULTS
During hospitalization, COVID-19 patients received azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in addition to their ongoing therapy. Only the patient on ASA with clopidogrel therapy was transferred to the ICU for mechanical ventilation because of worsening respiratory failure, and subsequently died from cardiorespiratory arrest. All other patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy recovered and were discharged.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that COVID-19 patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy may have a more favorable and less complicated clinical course. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this preliminary observation.
DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001066
PubMed: 32890069
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32890069Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with recent cardiac surgery: does chronic anticoagulant therapy have a protective effect?</title><author><name sortKey="Inama, Giuseppe" sort="Inama, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Inama G" first="Giuseppe" last="Inama">Giuseppe Inama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dodi, Claudio" sort="Dodi, Claudio" uniqKey="Dodi C" first="Claudio" last="Dodi">Claudio Dodi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Provini, Martino" sort="Provini, Martino" uniqKey="Provini M" first="Martino" last="Provini">Martino Provini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossoni, Enzo" sort="Bossoni, Enzo" uniqKey="Bossoni E" first="Enzo" last="Bossoni">Enzo Bossoni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inama, Lorenza" sort="Inama, Lorenza" uniqKey="Inama L" first="Lorenza" last="Inama">Lorenza Inama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology, ASST del Garda, Ospedale di Manerbio.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balzarini, Laura" sort="Balzarini, Laura" uniqKey="Balzarini L" first="Laura" last="Balzarini">Laura Balzarini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mancini, Chiara" sort="Mancini, Chiara" uniqKey="Mancini C" first="Chiara" last="Mancini">Chiara Mancini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramponi, Sara" sort="Ramponi, Sara" uniqKey="Ramponi S" first="Sara" last="Ramponi">Sara Ramponi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marvisi, Maurizio" sort="Marvisi, Maurizio" uniqKey="Marvisi M" first="Maurizio" last="Marvisi">Maurizio Marvisi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32890069</idno><idno type="pmid">32890069</idno><idno type="doi">10.2459/JCM.0000000000001066</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000C84</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C84</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with recent cardiac surgery: does chronic anticoagulant therapy have a protective effect?</title><author><name sortKey="Inama, Giuseppe" sort="Inama, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Inama G" first="Giuseppe" last="Inama">Giuseppe Inama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dodi, Claudio" sort="Dodi, Claudio" uniqKey="Dodi C" first="Claudio" last="Dodi">Claudio Dodi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Provini, Martino" sort="Provini, Martino" uniqKey="Provini M" first="Martino" last="Provini">Martino Provini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossoni, Enzo" sort="Bossoni, Enzo" uniqKey="Bossoni E" first="Enzo" last="Bossoni">Enzo Bossoni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inama, Lorenza" sort="Inama, Lorenza" uniqKey="Inama L" first="Lorenza" last="Inama">Lorenza Inama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiology, ASST del Garda, Ospedale di Manerbio.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balzarini, Laura" sort="Balzarini, Laura" uniqKey="Balzarini L" first="Laura" last="Balzarini">Laura Balzarini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mancini, Chiara" sort="Mancini, Chiara" uniqKey="Mancini C" first="Chiara" last="Mancini">Chiara Mancini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramponi, Sara" sort="Ramponi, Sara" uniqKey="Ramponi S" first="Sara" last="Ramponi">Sara Ramponi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marvisi, Maurizio" sort="Marvisi, Maurizio" uniqKey="Marvisi M" first="Maurizio" last="Marvisi">Maurizio Marvisi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)</title><idno type="eISSN">1558-2035</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Anti-Infective Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Anticoagulants (therapeutic use)</term><term>Azithromycin (administration & dosage)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Cardiac Surgical Procedures (adverse effects)</term><term>Cardiac Surgical Procedures (methods)</term><term>Combined Modality Therapy (methods)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (blood)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (mortality)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (physiopathology)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (therapeutic use)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (blood)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (etiology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (mortality)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (physiopathology)</term><term>Postoperative Complications (blood)</term><term>Postoperative Complications (prevention & control)</term><term>Postoperative Complications (virology)</term><term>Tomography, X-Ray Computed (methods)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Infective Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anticoagulants</term><term>Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Cardiac Surgical Procedures</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Postoperative Complications</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Cardiac Surgical Procedures</term><term>Combined Modality Therapy</term><term>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Postoperative Complications</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Postoperative Complications</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care</term><term>Pandemics</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>AIMS</b></p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients who had recently undergone a cardiac procedure and were inpatients in a cardiac rehabilitation department.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>All patients hospitalized from 1 February to 15 March 2020 were included in the study (n = 35; 16 men; mean age 78 years). The overall population was divided into two groups: group 1 included 10 patients who presented with a clinical picture of COVID-19 infection and were isolated, and group 2 included 25 patients who were COVID-19-negative. In group 1, nine patients were on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy and one patient was on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel. A chest computed tomography scan revealed interstitial pneumonia in all 10 patients.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>During hospitalization, COVID-19 patients received azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in addition to their ongoing therapy. Only the patient on ASA with clopidogrel therapy was transferred to the ICU for mechanical ventilation because of worsening respiratory failure, and subsequently died from cardiorespiratory arrest. All other patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy recovered and were discharged.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Our study suggests that COVID-19 patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy may have a more favorable and less complicated clinical course. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this preliminary observation.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32890069</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>07</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1558-2035</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>21</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with recent cardiac surgery: does chronic anticoagulant therapy have a protective effect?</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>765-771</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.2459/JCM.0000000000001066</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="AIMS">The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients who had recently undergone a cardiac procedure and were inpatients in a cardiac rehabilitation department.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">All patients hospitalized from 1 February to 15 March 2020 were included in the study (n = 35; 16 men; mean age 78 years). The overall population was divided into two groups: group 1 included 10 patients who presented with a clinical picture of COVID-19 infection and were isolated, and group 2 included 25 patients who were COVID-19-negative. In group 1, nine patients were on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy and one patient was on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel. A chest computed tomography scan revealed interstitial pneumonia in all 10 patients.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">During hospitalization, COVID-19 patients received azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in addition to their ongoing therapy. Only the patient on ASA with clopidogrel therapy was transferred to the ICU for mechanical ventilation because of worsening respiratory failure, and subsequently died from cardiorespiratory arrest. All other patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy recovered and were discharged.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Our study suggests that COVID-19 patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy may have a more favorable and less complicated clinical course. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this preliminary observation.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Inama</LastName><ForeName>Giuseppe</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dodi</LastName><ForeName>Claudio</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Provini</LastName><ForeName>Martino</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bossoni</LastName><ForeName>Enzo</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Inama</LastName><ForeName>Lorenza</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiology, ASST del Garda, Ospedale di Manerbio.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balzarini</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mancini</LastName><ForeName>Chiara</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ramponi</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marvisi</LastName><ForeName>Maurizio</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituto Figlie di San Camillo, Cremona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101259752</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1558-2027</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000890">Anti-Infective Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000925">Anticoagulants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010975">Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000890" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-Infective 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Process Assessment, Health Care</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010975" MajorTopicYN="N">Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="N">physiopathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011183" MajorTopicYN="Y">Postoperative Complications</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014057" MajorTopicYN="N">Tomography, X-Ray Computed</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>17</Hour><Minute>6</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32890069</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.2459/JCM.0000000000001066</ArticleId><ArticleId 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