CovidChloroV1, Main, Corpus, bibRecord, 000C12

Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?

Identifieur interne : 000C12 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000C11; suivant : 000C13

Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?

Auteurs : Xiping Zhan ; Sharon Dowell ; Ying Shen ; Dexter L. Lee

Source :

Heliyon [ 2405-8440 ] ; 2020.

RBID : pubmed:32935064

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak emerged in December 2019 and has rapidly become a global pandemic. A great deal of effort has been made to find effective drugs against this disease. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were widely adopted in treating COVID-19, but the results were contradictive. CQ/HCQ have been used to prevent and treat malaria and are efficacious anti-inflammatory agents in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These drugs have potential broad-spectrum antiviral properties, but the underlying mechanisms are speculative. In this review, we re-evaluated the treatment outcomes and current hypothesis for the working mechanisms of CQ/HCQ as COVID-19 therapy with a special focus on disruption of Ca²⁺ signaling. In so doing, we attempt to show how the different hypotheses for CQ/HCQ action on coronavirus may interact and reinforce each other. The potential toxicity is also noted due to its action on Ca²⁺ and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in cardiac myocytes and neuronal cells. We propose that intracellular calcium homeostasis is an alternative mechanism for CQ/HCQ pharmacology, which should be considered when evaluating the risks and benefits of therapy in these patients and other perspective applications.

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04900
PubMed: 32935064
PubMed Central: PMC7480339

Links to Exploration step

pubmed:32935064

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhan, Xiping" sort="Zhan, Xiping" uniqKey="Zhan X" first="Xiping" last="Zhan">Xiping Zhan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowell, Sharon" sort="Dowell, Sharon" uniqKey="Dowell S" first="Sharon" last="Dowell">Sharon Dowell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington, DC 20060.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shen, Ying" sort="Shen, Ying" uniqKey="Shen Y" first="Ying" last="Shen">Ying Shen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Dexter L" sort="Lee, Dexter L" uniqKey="Lee D" first="Dexter L" last="Lee">Dexter L. Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2020">2020</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:32935064</idno>
<idno type="pmid">32935064</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04900</idno>
<idno type="pmc">PMC7480339</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000C12</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C12</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Zhan, Xiping" sort="Zhan, Xiping" uniqKey="Zhan X" first="Xiping" last="Zhan">Xiping Zhan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowell, Sharon" sort="Dowell, Sharon" uniqKey="Dowell S" first="Sharon" last="Dowell">Sharon Dowell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington, DC 20060.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shen, Ying" sort="Shen, Ying" uniqKey="Shen Y" first="Ying" last="Shen">Ying Shen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Dexter L" sort="Lee, Dexter L" uniqKey="Lee D" first="Dexter L" last="Lee">Dexter L. Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Heliyon</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2405-8440</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The COVID-19 outbreak emerged in December 2019 and has rapidly become a global pandemic. A great deal of effort has been made to find effective drugs against this disease. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were widely adopted in treating COVID-19, but the results were contradictive. CQ/HCQ have been used to prevent and treat malaria and are efficacious anti-inflammatory agents in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These drugs have potential broad-spectrum antiviral properties, but the underlying mechanisms are speculative. In this review, we re-evaluated the treatment outcomes and current hypothesis for the working mechanisms of CQ/HCQ as COVID-19 therapy with a special focus on disruption of Ca<sup>2+</sup>
 signaling. In so doing, we attempt to show how the different hypotheses for CQ/HCQ action on coronavirus may interact and reinforce each other. The potential toxicity is also noted due to its action on Ca<sup>2+</sup>
 and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in cardiac myocytes and neuronal cells. We propose that intracellular calcium homeostasis is an alternative mechanism for CQ/HCQ pharmacology, which should be considered when evaluating the risks and benefits of therapy in these patients and other perspective applications.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32935064</PMID>
<DateRevised><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2405-8440</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>6</Volume>
<Issue>9</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Sep</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Heliyon</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Heliyon</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>e04900</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04900</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>The COVID-19 outbreak emerged in December 2019 and has rapidly become a global pandemic. A great deal of effort has been made to find effective drugs against this disease. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were widely adopted in treating COVID-19, but the results were contradictive. CQ/HCQ have been used to prevent and treat malaria and are efficacious anti-inflammatory agents in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These drugs have potential broad-spectrum antiviral properties, but the underlying mechanisms are speculative. In this review, we re-evaluated the treatment outcomes and current hypothesis for the working mechanisms of CQ/HCQ as COVID-19 therapy with a special focus on disruption of Ca<sup>2+</sup>
 signaling. In so doing, we attempt to show how the different hypotheses for CQ/HCQ action on coronavirus may interact and reinforce each other. The potential toxicity is also noted due to its action on Ca<sup>2+</sup>
 and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in cardiac myocytes and neuronal cells. We propose that intracellular calcium homeostasis is an alternative mechanism for CQ/HCQ pharmacology, which should be considered when evaluating the risks and benefits of therapy in these patients and other perspective applications.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2020 The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhan</LastName>
<ForeName>Xiping</ForeName>
<Initials>X</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dowell</LastName>
<ForeName>Sharon</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington, DC 20060.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shen</LastName>
<ForeName>Ying</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physiology, Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName>
<ForeName>Dexter L</ForeName>
<Initials>DL</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Heliyon</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101672560</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>2405-8440</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Calcium</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cardiology</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Chloroquine</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Clinical toxicology</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Eye-ear-nose-throat</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HCN</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Immunology</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Infectious disease</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Internal medicine</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neurology</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Pathology</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Pharmacology</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Toxicology</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>04</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>9</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
<Hour>5</Hour>
<Minute>40</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>9</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>9</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>1</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32935064</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04900</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">S2405-8440(20)31743-6</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">e04900</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7480339</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
<pmc-dir>pmcsd</pmc-dir>
        <ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983 Apr;15(4):502-3</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6849790</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virus Res. 2018 Feb 2;245:17-28</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29269104</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet Respir Med. 2020 May;8(5):475-481</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32105632</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Dec 13;113(50):14408-14413</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27911847</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Am J Physiol. 1961 Aug;201:379-82</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">13696662</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;36(1):133-40</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25925287</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>FASEB J. 2007 May;21(7):1586-96</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17267381</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Med Virol. 2020 Jun;92(6):552-555</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32104915</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Drug Saf. 2018 Oct;41(10):919-931</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29858838</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Aug 25;324(8):782-793</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32648899</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cardiovasc Res. 2020 May 1;116(6):1097-1100</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32227090</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 15;73(12):1910-26</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17466277</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur Heart J. 2020 May 14;41(19):1798-1800</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32186331</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Mol Med. 2020 Jul;46(1):17-26</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32319538</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Res. 2020 Mar;30(3):269-271</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32020029</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;153(8):1686-96</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18311193</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antiviral Res. 2020 May;177:104762</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32147496</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Transfusion. 1982 Jan-Feb;22(1):59-61</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6801829</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Feb;17(2):483-486</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32327397</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2003 Jul;77(13):7527-38</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12805453</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;68(3):822-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15955868</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Neurotox Res. 2018 Jul;34(1):62-73</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29285614</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;97:396-403</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32623082</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 9;383(2):120-128</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32437596</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>FASEB J. 2020 May;34(5):6027-6037</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32350928</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Clin Case Rep. 2015 Jun;3(6):379-87</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26185633</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virology. 2015 Nov;485:330-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26331680</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biosci Trends. 2020 Mar 16;14(1):72-73</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32074550</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):327-47</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26868298</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1993 Oct;23(2 Suppl 1):82-91</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8278823</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;44(5):481-4</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8359187</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Aug;7(8):549-58</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17646028</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virol J. 2019 May 27;16(1):69</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31133031</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Vet Res. 2019 Dec 19;50(1):110</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31856906</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur Respir J. 2015 Feb;45(2):428-39</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25359346</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2018 Jun;119:1-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29653111</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>BMC Med. 2018 Nov 7;16(1):200</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30400791</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Mol Cell Oncol. 2015 Dec 09;3(1):e970097</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27308577</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Commun. 2017 Mar 13;8:14814</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28287099</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Res. 2013 Feb;23(2):300-2</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23208422</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Discov. 2020 Mar 18;6:16</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32194981</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Immunol. 2012 Sep;279(1):78-86</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23099154</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2015 Oct 29;11(10):e1005220</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26513362</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2014 Oct 01;9(10):e109180</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25271834</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Intensive Care Med. 2020 Apr;46(4):586-590</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32125455</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 29;105(4):1364-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18216262</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(Pt A):384-394</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27639600</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Biosci. 2017 May 23;7:28</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28546857</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2010 Nov 04;6(11):e1001176</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21079686</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Jun 23;323(24):2493-2502</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32392282</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Mar;62(3):863-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20131232</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Curr Top Med Chem. 2013 Aug;13(16):1916-32</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23895094</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Inflammopharmacology. 2015 Oct;23(5):231-69</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26246395</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Gen Physiol Biophys. 1989 Apr;8(2):113-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2777057</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Mar;74(3):407-12</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16525098</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Arch Virol. 1997;142(11):2161-78</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9672584</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Epilepsia. 2020 Aug;61(8):e90-e94</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32589794</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Med (N Y). 2020 Dec 18;1(1):114-127.e3</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32838355</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Am J Med. 1987 Mar;82(3):447-55</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3826099</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Med Mal Infect. 2020 Jun;50(4):384</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32240719</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Circ Res. 2013 Apr 12;112(8):1159-70</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23446737</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Trop Geogr Med. 1978 Sep;30(3):331-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">734759</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Aug;53(8):3416-21</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19506054</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Viruses. 2013 May 22;5(5):1250-60</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23698397</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Pharmazie. 2013 Nov;68(11):899-903</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24380240</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 2016 May;97(5):1198-1209</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26838678</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virol J. 2005 Aug 22;2:69</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16115318</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;20(10):1118</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32311322</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Calcium. 2009 Jul;46(1):1-17</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19535138</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Toxicol Rep. 2020 Apr 30;7:658-663</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32355638</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011 Nov 18;10(12):903-14</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22094868</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Nov;77(5):929-38</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17984356</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>P N G Med J. 1992 Dec;35(4):311-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">1341095</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2020 Sep;585(7826):584-587</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32698191</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Aug;56(2):106028</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32450198</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Acta Virol. 2017;61(4):487-491</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29186967</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biol Pharm Bull. 2015;38(6):817-26</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26027822</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Aug;108(2):201-211</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32302411</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Neth Heart J. 2020 Jul;28(7-8):406-409</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32350818</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Heart Rhythm. 2015 Oct;12(10):2186-94</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26025323</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Crit Care. 2020 Jun;57:279-283</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32173110</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Pharmacol Res Commun. 1980 Oct;12(9):863-71</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7443766</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2020 Sep;585(7826):588-590</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32698190</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virology. 2016 Dec;499:185-195</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27668997</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 8;323(1):264-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15351731</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32192578</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 15;93(21):11865-70</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8876229</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271-280.e8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32142651</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Sci China Life Sci. 2020 Oct;63(10):1515-1521</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32418114</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Nov;3(11):722-7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14592603</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Malar J. 2014 Nov 25;13:458</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25425434</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Med. 2020 Jun;26(6):808-809</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32488217</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1;77(6):683-690</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32275288</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Jul;56(1):105949</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32205204</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2018 Aug;35(4):429-430</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30206460</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Nov 6;109(45):18471-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23091012</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
</ReferenceList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/CovidChloroV1/Data/Main/Corpus

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000C12 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000C12 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    CovidChloroV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Corpus
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:32935064
   |texte=   Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:32935064" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidChloroV1

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Sat May 22 17:02:32 2021. Site generation: Sat May 22 17:06:52 2021

	Serveur d'exploration COVID et hydrochloroquine
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration COVID et hydrochloroquine

Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?

Chloroquine to fight COVID-19: A consideration of mechanisms and adverse effects?

Source :

Abstract

Links to Exploration step

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

Pour générer des pages wiki