Anti-Infective and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Annona Species: Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Alkaloid Diversity, and Pharmacological Activities
Identifieur interne : 000A07 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000A06; suivant : 000A08Anti-Infective and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Annona Species: Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Alkaloid Diversity, and Pharmacological Activities
Auteurs : Ari Satia Nugraha [Australie] ; Yuvita Dian Damayanti ; Phurpa Wangchuk ; Paul A. Keller [Australie]Source :
- Molecules [ 1420-3049 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234419
PubMed: 31816948
PubMed Central: 6930583
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Anti-Infective and Anti-Cancer Properties of the <italic>Annona</italic> Species: Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Alkaloid Diversity, and Pharmacological Activities</title><author><name sortKey="Nugraha, Ari Satia" sort="Nugraha, Ari Satia" uniqKey="Nugraha A" first="Ari Satia" last="Nugraha">Ari Satia Nugraha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-24-04419">Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;<email>yuvitadiandamayanti@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-molecules-24-04419">School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2533</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damayanti, Yuvita Dian" sort="Damayanti, Yuvita Dian" uniqKey="Damayanti Y" first="Yuvita Dian" last="Damayanti">Yuvita Dian Damayanti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-24-04419">Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;<email>yuvitadiandamayanti@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wangchuk, Phurpa" sort="Wangchuk, Phurpa" uniqKey="Wangchuk P" first="Phurpa" last="Wangchuk">Phurpa Wangchuk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-molecules-24-04419">Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;<email>phurpa.wangchuk@jcu.edu.au</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keller, Paul A" sort="Keller, Paul A" uniqKey="Keller P" first="Paul A." last="Keller">Paul A. Keller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-molecules-24-04419">School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2533</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31816948</idno><idno type="pmc">6930583</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6930583</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6930583</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/molecules24234419</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A72</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A72</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000A72</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000A72</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A07</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A07</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Anti-Infective and Anti-Cancer Properties of the <italic>Annona</italic> Species: Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Alkaloid Diversity, and Pharmacological Activities</title><author><name sortKey="Nugraha, Ari Satia" sort="Nugraha, Ari Satia" uniqKey="Nugraha A" first="Ari Satia" last="Nugraha">Ari Satia Nugraha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-24-04419">Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;<email>yuvitadiandamayanti@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-molecules-24-04419">School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2533</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damayanti, Yuvita Dian" sort="Damayanti, Yuvita Dian" uniqKey="Damayanti Y" first="Yuvita Dian" last="Damayanti">Yuvita Dian Damayanti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-24-04419">Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;<email>yuvitadiandamayanti@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wangchuk, Phurpa" sort="Wangchuk, Phurpa" uniqKey="Wangchuk P" first="Phurpa" last="Wangchuk">Phurpa Wangchuk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-molecules-24-04419">Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;<email>phurpa.wangchuk@jcu.edu.au</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keller, Paul A" sort="Keller, Paul A" uniqKey="Keller P" first="Paul A." last="Keller">Paul A. Keller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-molecules-24-04419">School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2533</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Molecules</title><idno type="eISSN">1420-3049</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Annona</italic> species have been a valuable source of anti-infective and anticancer agents. However, only limited evaluations of their alkaloids have been carried out. This review collates and evaluates the biological data from extracts and purified isolates for their anti-infective and anti-cancer activities. An isoquinoline backbone is a major structural alkaloid moiety of the <italic>Annona</italic> genus, and more than 83 alkaloids have been isolated from this genus alone. Crude extracts of <italic>Annona</italic> genus are reported with moderate activities against <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> showing larvicidal activities. However, no pure compounds from the <italic>Annona</italic> genus were tested against the parasite. The methanol extract of <italic>Annona muricata</italic> showed apparent antimicrobial activities. The isolated alkaloids from this genus including liriodenine, anonaine, asimilobine showed sensitivity against <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis.</italic> Other alkaloids such as (+)-Xylopine and isocoreximine indicated significant anti-cancer activity against A549 and K-562 cell lines, respectively. This review revealed that the alkaloids from <italic>Annona</italic> genus are rich in structural diversity and pharmacological activities. Further exploration of this genus and their alkaloids has potential for developing novel anti-infective and anticancer drugs.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Badrie, N" uniqKey="Badrie N">N. Badrie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schauss, A G" uniqKey="Schauss A">A.G. Schauss</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mishra, S" uniqKey="Mishra S">S. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Molecules</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Molecules</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">molecules</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Molecules</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1420-3049</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31816948</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6930583</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/molecules24234419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">molecules-24-04419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Anti-Infective and Anti-Cancer Properties of the <italic>Annona</italic> Species: Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Alkaloid Diversity, and Pharmacological Activities</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nugraha</surname><given-names>Ari Satia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-molecules-24-04419">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-molecules-24-04419">2</xref><xref rid="c1-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Damayanti</surname><given-names>Yuvita Dian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-molecules-24-04419">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wangchuk</surname><given-names>Phurpa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-molecules-24-04419">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-845X</contrib-id><name><surname>Keller</surname><given-names>Paul A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-molecules-24-04419">2</xref><xref rid="c1-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Sacchetti</surname><given-names>Gianni</given-names></name><role>Academic Editor</role></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-molecules-24-04419"><label>1</label>Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;<email>yuvitadiandamayanti@gmail.com</email></aff><aff id="af2-molecules-24-04419"><label>2</label>School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533, Australia</aff><aff id="af3-molecules-24-04419"><label>3</label>Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;<email>phurpa.wangchuk@jcu.edu.au</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-molecules-24-04419"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>arisatia@unej.ac.id</email> (A.S.N.); <email>keller@uow.edu.au</email> (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-331-324-736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>23</issue><elocation-id>4419</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2019 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Annona</italic> species have been a valuable source of anti-infective and anticancer agents. However, only limited evaluations of their alkaloids have been carried out. This review collates and evaluates the biological data from extracts and purified isolates for their anti-infective and anti-cancer activities. An isoquinoline backbone is a major structural alkaloid moiety of the <italic>Annona</italic> genus, and more than 83 alkaloids have been isolated from this genus alone. Crude extracts of <italic>Annona</italic> genus are reported with moderate activities against <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> showing larvicidal activities. However, no pure compounds from the <italic>Annona</italic> genus were tested against the parasite. The methanol extract of <italic>Annona muricata</italic> showed apparent antimicrobial activities. The isolated alkaloids from this genus including liriodenine, anonaine, asimilobine showed sensitivity against <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis.</italic> Other alkaloids such as (+)-Xylopine and isocoreximine indicated significant anti-cancer activity against A549 and K-562 cell lines, respectively. This review revealed that the alkaloids from <italic>Annona</italic> genus are rich in structural diversity and pharmacological activities. Further exploration of this genus and their alkaloids has potential for developing novel anti-infective and anticancer drugs.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Annona</italic></kwd><kwd>alkaloid</kwd><kwd>anti-microbial</kwd><kwd>anti-malaria</kwd><kwd>anti-protozoa</kwd><kwd>anti-cancer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="molecules-24-04419-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Phytochemical study on <italic>Annona muricata</italic>. (<bold>a</bold>) Number of isolated compounds in different regions of the plants; (<bold>b</bold>) comparison between total isolated acetogenins and alkaloids.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="molecules-24-04419-f002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Structures of <italic>Annona</italic> alkaloids (<bold>1</bold>–<bold>83</bold>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g002a"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g002b"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g002c"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g002d"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g002e"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g002f"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="molecules-24-04419-g002g"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="molecules-24-04419-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-24-04419-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Alkaloid Constituents of <italic>Annona</italic>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Plant Parts</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Location</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Isolated Alkaloids</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona ambotay</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wood </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">benzene-EtOH: cleistopholine <bold>1</bold>, dielsinol <bold>2</bold>, dielsiquinone <bold>3</bold>, geovanine <bold>4</bold>, kinabaline <bold>5</bold>, 6-methoxyonychine <bold>6</bold>, onychine <bold>7</bold> [<xref rid="B25-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona cherimola</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, lanuginosine <bold>10</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, lysicamine <bold>12</bold>, pronuciferine <bold>13</bold>, (+)-stepharine <bold>14</bold> [<xref rid="B26-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Phanostenine <bold>15</bold> [<xref rid="B27-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (+)-corytuberine <bold>16</bold>, (+)-isoboldine <bold>17</bold>, lanuginosine 10, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, (+)-nornantenine <bold>18</bold>, (+)-reticuline 19, (−)-stepholidine <bold>20</bold> [<xref rid="B28-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Seeds</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, cleistopholine <bold>1</bold>, lanuginosine <bold>10</bold>, liriodenine or xoushinsunine <bold>11</bold> [<xref rid="B29-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>,<xref rid="B30-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(+)-annocherine A <bold>21</bold>, (+)-annocherine B <bold>22</bold>, (−)-artabonatine B <bold>23</bold>, cherianoine <bold>24</bold>, cherimoline <bold>25</bold>, (−)-romucosine H <bold>26</bold> [<xref rid="B31-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>,<xref rid="B32-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anolobine <bold>27</bold>, (+)-anonaine <bold>28</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (−)-corydine <bold>29</bold>, (−)-corypalmine <bold>30</bold>, (−)-discretamine <bold>31</bold>, (+)-glaziovine <bold>32</bold>, (+)-isoboldine <bold>17</bold>, lanuginosine <bold>10</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, lysicamine <bold>12</bold>, (−)-<italic>N</italic>-methylasimilobine <bold>33</bold>, (−)-norushinsunine <bold>34</bold>, (−)-nuciferine <bold>35</bold>, (−)-stepholidine <bold>20</bold>, (−)-tetrahydropalmatine <bold>36</bold>, (−)-xylopine <bold>37</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B33-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Root</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-corytenchine <bold>38</bold>, (−)-isocoreximine <bold>39</bold> [<xref rid="B34-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona diversifolia</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liriodenine <bold>11</bold> [<xref rid="B35-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona glabra</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fruit-stem</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, annobraine <bold>40</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, 1-aza-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-9,10-anthracenedione <bold>41</bold>, dehydrocorydalmine <bold>42</bold>, (−)-<italic>N</italic>-formylanonaine <bold>43</bold>, (−)-kikemanine <bold>44</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, lysicamine <bold>12</bold>, (−)-nornuciferine or (−)-<italic>N</italic>-methylasimilobine <bold>33</bold>, (+)-nordomesticine <bold>45</bold>, (+)-stepharine <bold>14</bold> [<xref rid="B36-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, coreximine <bold>46</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B37-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-<italic>N</italic>-methyl-actinodaphnine <bold>47</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B38-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Root</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (−)-coreximine <bold>46</bold>, (−)-nornuciferine or (−)-<italic>N</italic>-methylasimilobine <bold>33</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B37-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (−)-nornuciferine or (−)-<italic>N</italic>-methylasimilobine <bold>33</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B37-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anolobine <bold>27</bold>, (−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (+)-isoboldine <bold>17</bold>, liriodenine (or oxoushinsunine) <bold>11</bold>, (−)-<italic>N</italic>-nornuciferine <bold>48</bold>, (−)-norushinsunine (or michelalbine) <bold>34</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold>, (−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold> [<xref rid="B39-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>,<xref rid="B40-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona montana</italic> Macf (wild soursop)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">annolatine <bold>50</bold>, annoretine <bold>51</bold>, argentinine <bold>52</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold> [<xref rid="B41-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem-Root bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guinea</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Annomontine <bold>53</bold>, (−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, atherosperminine <bold>54</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (−)-coclaurine <bold>55</bold>, (−)-coreximine <bold>46</bold>, methoxyannomontine <bold>56</bold>, oxoushinsunine or liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold>, (−)-xylopine <bold>37</bold> [<xref rid="B42-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Annomontine <bold>53</bold> [<xref rid="B43-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona muricata</italic> L. (soursop)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tanzania</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold> [<xref rid="B44-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-annonamine <bold>57</bold>, (<italic>+</italic>)-<italic>O</italic>,<italic>O</italic>-dimethylcoclaurine <bold>58</bold>, (<italic>+</italic>)-4′-<italic>O</italic>-methylcoclaurine <bold>59</bold>, (<italic>+</italic>)-norcorydine <bold>60</bold> [<xref rid="B45-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guinea</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-coclaurine <bold>55</bold>, isolaureline <bold>61</bold>, isoboldine <bold>17</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, (+)-<italic>N</italic>-methylcoclaurine <bold>62</bold>, norisolaurelin or (−)-xylopine <bold>37</bold>, (−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold> [<xref rid="B46-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>,<xref rid="B47-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem (bark)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guinea</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anomurine <bold>63</bold>, anomuricine <bold>64</bold>, atherosperminine <bold>54</bold>, (−)-coclaurine <bold>55</bold>, (−)-coreximine <bold>46</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold>, (+)-stepharine <bold>14</bold> [<xref rid="B48-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Indonesia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-coclaurine <bold>55</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold>, argentinine <bold>52</bold>, atherosperminine <bold>54</bold>, (+)-xylopine <bold>65</bold> [<xref rid="B18-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona paludosa</italic> Aubl.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Root bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guiena</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (−)-coreximine <bold>46</bold>, dihydropalmatine <bold>66</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold>, (−)-scoulerine or (−)-discretamine <bold>31</bold>, (−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold>, (±)-tetrahydropalmatine <bold>36</bold> [<xref rid="B49-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona reticulata</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (+)-corydine <bold>67</bold>, (+)-glaucine <bold>68</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, (+)-norcorydine <bold>60</bold>, oxonantenine <bold>69</bold>, oxoxylopine or lanuginosine <bold>10</bold>, (−)-xylopine <bold>37</bold> [<xref rid="B50-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-aequaline or (−)-discretamine <bold>31</bold>, (+/-)-annomontine <bold>53</bold>, (−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, (−)-3-hydroxynornuciferine <bold>70</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, methoxyannomontine <bold>56</bold>, (−)-michelalbine or (−)-norushinsunine <bold>34</bold>, oxoushinsunine or liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B51-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>,<xref rid="B52-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona salzmanii</italic> A. DC</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, cleistopholine <bold>1</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, oxolaureline or 10-methoxyliriodenine <bold>71</bold>, (+)- reticuline <bold>19</bold>, (−)-xylopine <bold>37</bold> [<xref rid="B16-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona sericea</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-3-hydroxynornuciferine <bold>70</bold>, (+)-isoboldine <bold>17</bold>, (+)-<italic>N</italic>-methylcoclaurine <bold>62</bold>, (+)-nornantenine <bold>18</bold>, (−)-nornuciferine or (−)-<italic>N</italic>-methylasimilobine <bold>33</bold>, oxonuciferine or lysicamine <bold>12</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B53-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Annona squamosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, (−)-nornuciferine or (−)-<italic>N</italic>-methylasimilobine <bold>33</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B54-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves- stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guinea</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (+)-coclaurine <bold>72</bold>, (+)-isoboldine <bold>17</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, (+)-nornuciferine <bold>73</bold>, (−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold> [<xref rid="B55-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>,<xref rid="B56-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (+)-corydine <bold>67</bold>, (+)-glaucine <bold>68</bold>, (+)-isocorydine <bold>74</bold>, lanuginosine <bold>10</bold>, (+)-<italic>O</italic>-methylarmepavine <bold>75</bold>, (+)-norcorydine <bold>60</bold>, norisocorydine <bold>76</bold>, (−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold>, (−)-xylopine <bold>7</bold> [<xref rid="B57-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>,<xref rid="B58-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tanzania</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>,(−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold> [<xref rid="B44-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zimbabwe</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-isocorydine <bold>77</bold>, (−)-roemerine <bold>49</bold> [<xref rid="B59-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Seeds </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, asimilobine <bold>9</bold>, corypalmine <bold>30</bold>, (−)-nornuciferine or (−)-<italic>N</italic>-methylasimilobine <bold>33</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B54-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Annobraine <bold>40</bold>, annosqualine <bold>78</bold>, demethylsonodione <bold>79</bold>, dihydroferuloyltyramine <bold>80</bold>, dihydrosinapoyltyramine <bold>81</bold>, liriodenine <bold>11</bold>, squamolone <bold>82</bold>, thalifoline <bold>83</bold> [<xref rid="B60-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-anolobine <bold>27</bold>, (−)-anonaine <bold>8</bold>, (−)-norushinsunine (or michelalbine) <bold>34</bold>, oxoushinsuine (liriodenine) <bold>11</bold>, (+)-reticuline <bold>19</bold> [<xref rid="B61-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>]</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="molecules-24-04419-t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-24-04419-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Anti-protozoal activity of several extract of <italic>Annona muricata</italic> and <italic>Annona reticulata</italic> [<xref rid="B68-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>,<xref rid="B69-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>].</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Species</th><th rowspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Part of Plant (Extract)</th><th colspan="6" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Anti-Protozoal Activity (IC<sub>50</sub>, µg/mL)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>Leishmania species</italic></th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1"><italic>Trypanosoma cruzi</italic></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><italic>P. falciparum</italic></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PH8</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M2903</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PP75</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F32</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">W2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. muricata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (Hexane)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2 <sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.6 <sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (EtOAc)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5 <sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.4 <sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (MeOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.2 <sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.8 <sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (Hexane)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.3</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.1</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.9</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.4 <sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.2 <sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (EtOAc)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.2 <sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.7 <sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (MeOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.6</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.5 <sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.3 <sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PC (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PC (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PC (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST(EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.45</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.32</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. reticulata</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF(EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TW (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TW (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TW (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST(EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.90</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FR (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RF (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RF (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Standard drug</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pentamidine</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amphotericin B</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bensoidazole</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chloroquine</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Artemisisn</td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>LF: leaf; SD: seed, PC: pericarp; RT: root; ST: stem bark; TW: twig; <italic>Leishmania amazonensis</italic> (PH8); <italic>Leishmania braziliensis</italic> (M2903); <italic>Leishmania donovani</italic> PP75; <sup>a</sup> Values represent percentage of inhibition at 10.0 µg/mL.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="molecules-24-04419-t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-24-04419-t003_Table 3</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Larvicidal of several extract of <italic>Annona</italic> genus [<xref rid="B44-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>,<xref rid="B66-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>,<xref rid="B73-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>,<xref rid="B74-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">74</xref>,<xref rid="B75-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>,<xref rid="B76-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>].</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Plant Name</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Plant Extract</th><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">LC<sub>50</sub> (µg/mL)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aedes aegypti</italic></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aedes albopictus</italic></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Culex quinquefasciatus</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. crassiflora</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SB (hexane)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192.57</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RW (hexane)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">154.02</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RB (hexane)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">264.15</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RB (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RW (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.94</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.1</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. glabra</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. muricata</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.3</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (hexane)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122.77</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (CHCl<sub>3</sub>)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (MeOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.91</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (MeOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.47</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. senegalensis</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (MeOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.42</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. squamosal</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.9</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">169</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.70</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (EtOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.12</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.96</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (MeOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.26</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.70</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SB (MeOH)</td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="right" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104.94</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>SB: stem bark; RB: root bark; RW: root wood; SD: seed; RT: root; LF: leaf.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="molecules-24-04419-t004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-24-04419-t004_Table 4</object-id><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Anti-microbial activities of crude extracts or fractions of <italic>Annona</italic> genus.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Plant Name/Standards</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Plant Extract</th><th colspan="21" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">MIC (µg/mL)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ST</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PA</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KP</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BC</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SA</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PS</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">XC</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AT</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PM</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PC</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EH</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TV</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NB <sup>a</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MD <sup>a</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BC <sup>b</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AN <sup>c</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AI <sup>c</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SM <sup>c</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PI <sup>c</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PG <sup>c</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. ambotay</italic> [<xref rid="B80-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (EtOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 b</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 b</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. cherimola</italic> [<xref rid="B81-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (MeOH) </td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. cherimola</italic> [<xref rid="B80-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (EtOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11b</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14b</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. muricata</italic> [<xref rid="B82-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">82</xref>,<xref rid="B83-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">83</xref>,<xref rid="B84-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">84</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF (H<sub>2</sub>O)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4096</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1024</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">512</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>1024</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>1024</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. muricata</italic> [<xref rid="B81-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (MeOH) </td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. muricata</italic> [<xref rid="B85-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">85</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SB (EtOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. muricata</italic> [<xref rid="B80-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">STm (EtOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. muricata</italic> [<xref rid="B18-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT (MeOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>32</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>32</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>32</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. squamosa</italic> [<xref rid="B86-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (EtOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>771</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>771</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>771</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>771</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>771</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. squamosa</italic> [<xref rid="B86-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (Acetone)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>475</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>475</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>475</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>475</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>475</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. squamosa</italic> [<xref rid="B87-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">87</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD (MeOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 *</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 *</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 *</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. squamosa</italic> [<xref rid="B78-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FR (MeOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1250 *</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1250 *</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1250 *</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. Senegalensis</italic> [<xref rid="B88-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">88</xref>]</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BK (MeOH)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Streptomycin</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chloramfenicol</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RST</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metronidazole</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ivermictine</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neomycin</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gentamycin</td><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>RST: Resistance; <sup>a</sup> LD<sub>50</sub> (µg/mL); <sup>b</sup> Inhibition zone (0.1 mg/disc, mm); <sup>c</sup> Inhibition zone (2 mg/disc, mm); LF:Leaf; SD: Seed; BK: Bark; STm: Stem; ST: <italic>Salmonella typhi</italic>; PA: <italic>Pseudomas aeruginosa</italic>; KP: <italic>Klebsiella pneumonia</italic>; EC: <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> 27; SA: <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> 358; PS: <italic>Pseudomonas syringa</italic> e673; AT: <italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</italic> 431; XC: <italic>Xanthomonas campestris</italic> 2286; PC: <italic>Pectobacterium caratovorum</italic> 1428; PM: <italic>Pseudomonas marginalis</italic> 2758; AP: <italic>Aspergillus parasiticus</italic> 411; EH: <italic>Entamoeba histolytica</italic>; TV: <italic>Taenia vaginalis</italic>; NB: <italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</italic>; <italic>Mollemades setae</italic>; BC: <italic>Bacilus subtilis;</italic> AN: <italic>Actinomyces naeslundii</italic>; AI: <italic>Actinomyces israelii</italic>; SM: <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>; PI: <italic>Privotella intermedia</italic>; PG: <italic>Porphyromonus gingivalis</italic>. * MIC was recorded in µg /mL.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="molecules-24-04419-t005" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-24-04419-t005_Table 5</object-id><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Anti-microbial activities of alkaloids isolated from <italic>Annona</italic> genus.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Compound</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="12" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">MIC (µg/mL)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KZ</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SA</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sap</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sep</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EF</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PA</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CA</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CP</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CD</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CDb</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fm</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. salzmannii</italic> [<xref rid="B89-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">89</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liriodenine 11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anonaine 8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Asimilobine 9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reticuline 19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>500</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Annona squamosal</italic> [<xref rid="B90-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-(<italic>R</italic>)-anonaine 8 [<xref rid="B90-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30–39 *</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cleistopholine 1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chloramphenicol</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">850</td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>-: no data available; KZ: Kocuriarhizophila (ATCC 9341); SA: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC14458); SAp:S. aureuspenicilinase-(8-); SE: Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228); Sep; S. epidermidis (6ep); EF: Enterococcus faecalis (Ef); EC: Escherichia coli (ATCC 10538); PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)c; CA: Candida albicans (ATCC 10231); CA: Candida albicans(ATCC 10231); CP: Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019); CD: Candida dubliniensis (ATCC 777); CDb Candida dubliniensis (ATCC 778157); FM: Fusarium moniliforme. * inhibition diameter in mm.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="molecules-24-04419-t006" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-24-04419-t006_Table 6</object-id><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Anticancer/cytotoxicityactivities ofalkaloids that were obtained from non-<italic>Annona</italic> genera.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alkaloid</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Plants</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Part of Plant</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Country</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anticancer Activity </th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref(s)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">(−)-Anonaine <bold>8</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nelumbo nucifera</italic> Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anti-proliferative effects with IC<sub>50</sub> > 500 µM against AGS and 150.1 ± 0.3 µM against DU-145</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B99-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Michelia alba</italic> D.C. (Magnoliaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inhibited viability of HeLa cancer cells (23 ± 1%) more effectively than non-cancer cells (Vero and MDCK cells, 75 ± 3% and 95 ± 4%, respectively) at concentration of 100 µM.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B100-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">100</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Annomontine <bold>53</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acanthostrongylophora ingens</italic> (Petrosiidae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sponges </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Indonesia </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronounced cytotoxicity against L5178Y cell line with ED<sub>50</sub> 7.8 µg/mL compared to the positive control kahalalide F (ED<sub>50</sub> 6.3 μg/mL)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B97-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">97</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acanthostrongylophora ingens</italic> (Petrosiidae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sponges </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Indonesia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronounced cytotoxicity against L5178Y cell line with EC<sub>50</sub> 0.49 µg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B101-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">101</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Artabonatine B <bold>23</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Artabotrys hexapetalus</italic> (L.f.) Bhandari (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots, stems, and leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Active against both Hep G2 and 2,2,15 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> 9.1 and 11.0 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B102-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">102</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-Asimilobine <bold>9</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nelumbo nucifera</italic> Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anti-proliferative effects against AGS and DU-145 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> > 500 µM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B99-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Cleistopholine <bold>1</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cananga odorata</italic> (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fruits </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Displayed potent cytotoxicity against Hep G2 (human hepatoma cell) and Hep 2,2,15 (Hep G2 cell line transfected with hepatitis B virus) cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.22 µg/mL and 0.54 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B103-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">103</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Disepalum pulchrum</italic> (King) J.Sinclair (<italic>Enicosanthellum pulchrum</italic>, Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malaysia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Active against CAOV-3 and SKOV-3 with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 61.4 μM and 67.3 μM, respectively. This was comparable with that of the positive control cisplatin (62.8 μM and 67.1 μM) at 24 h of treatment. Cleistopholine (1) at >200 μM showed less cytotoxic effect against normal ovarian cells (SV40).</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B104-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">104</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Saprosma hainanense</italic> Merr. (Rubiaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stems</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inactive against against BEL-7402, SGC-7901, and K-562 cell lines</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B105-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">105</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">(−)-Corydine <bold>29</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dicranostigma leptopodum</italic> (Maxim.) Fedde (Papaveraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Whole plant</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed its cytotoxicity against H1299, MCF-7, and SMCC-7721 with IC<sub>50</sub> > 100 µM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B106-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">106</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stephania dinklagei</italic> (Engl.) Diels (Menispermaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aerial parts</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ghana</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibited cytotoxic activity against KB cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> 733 μM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B107-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">(−)-Corydine <bold>29</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stephania dinklagei</italic> (Engl.) Diels (Menispermaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ghana</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-Corydine 29 showed DNA-damaging activity in the yeast bioassay (IC50 values YCp50 gal, pRAD52 GAL, Prad52 GLU were27.5, >73.9, and 22.5 μg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B108-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">108</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stephania kwangsiensis</italic> H.S. Lo. (Menispermaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Root</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Three different concentrations (20, 10, 5 µg/mL) could all significantly increase the apoptosis rate (8.77%, 9.12%, and 12.38%, respectively) of NCI-H446 cells after 48 h of treatment compared to the control group (1.02%). (−)-Corydine 29 can inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer NCI-H446 cells and induce their apoptosis</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B109-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">109</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Corytuberine <bold>16</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dicranostigma leptopodum</italic> (Maxim.) Fedde (Papaveraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Whole plant</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cytotoxicity against H1299, MCF-7, and SMCC-7721 with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 53.58 ± 5.47 µM, 72.30 ± 1.72 µM, and 73.22 ± 2.35 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B106-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">106</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Demethylsonodione <bold>79</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hernandia nymphaefolia</italic> (Presi) Kubitzk (Hernandiaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trunk bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibited cytotoxic activity against P-388, KB16, A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), and HT-29 (human colon carcinoma cell lines with ED<sub>50</sub> value of 0.766, 0.507, 0.223, and 0.772 µg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B110-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">110</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dielsiquinone <bold>3</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Goniothalamus tamirensis</italic> Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep. (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed cytotoxic activity against A549, HT029, MCF7, RPMI and U251 with ED<sub>50</sub> value of 0.11, 1.12, 0.11, 0.11 and 0.37 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B111-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">111</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Glaucine <bold>68</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cassytha filiformis</italic> L. (Lauraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Whole plant</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Benin</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Active compound against HeLa cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 8.2 µM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B112-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">112</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Codiaeum variegatum</italic> (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Egypt</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed cytotoxic activity against HepG2, MCF7, HCT116, and A549 cell lines with % of inhibition of cell viability of 38.4%, 46.3%, 66.8%, and 17.3%, respectively (at concentration of 100 µg/mL)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B113-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">113</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Corydalis turtschaninovii</italic> Bess. (Papaveraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tuber</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Korea</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed cytotoxic activity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2 and HCT-15 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 26.76 ± 3.82, 21.57 ± 1.01, 20.39 ± 1.45 and 18.63 ± 4.15 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B114-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">114</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Isocoreximine <bold>39</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Guatteria blepharophylla</italic> Mart (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed anti-proliferative activity against UACC-62, MCF-7, NCI-H460, OVCAR-03, PC-3, HT-29, alagnd 786-0 with TGI value of >764.52 µM, and NCI-ADR/RES (TGI 131.50 µM). This compound showed selective activity for ovarian expressing phenotype for multiple drug resistance (NCI-ADR/RES) with a TGI value of 131.50 µM, but was less active than doxorubicin (TGI value of 14.80 µM)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B98-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">98</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">(+)-Isocorydine <bold>74</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cassytha filiformis</italic> L. (Lauraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Whole plant</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Benin</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inactive against HeLa cell with IC<sub>50</sub> > 80 µM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B112-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">112</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Papaver rhoeas</italic> L. <italic>Papaver rhopalothece</italic> Stapf, <italic>Papaver macrostomum</italic> Boiss. & A.Huet (Papaveraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aerial parts</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Turkey</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nontoxic against normal Vero cell with IC<sub>50</sub> value of >300 μg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B115-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">115</xref>] </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lanuginosine <bold>10</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Magnolia grandiflora</italic> L. (Magnoliaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Egypt</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibited cytotoxicity against U251 and HEPG2 with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 4 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. Lanuginosine 10 was found to be inactive against the HeLa cancer cell.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B116-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">116</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Liriodenine <bold>11</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anomianthus dulcis</italic> (Dunal) J. Sinclair (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibit the growth of NCIH187, BC, and KB cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values at 1.02, 13.45 and 14.57 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B117-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">117</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Broussonetia papyrifera</italic> (L.) L′Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fruits</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibit strong cytotoxic effect against A375, BEL-7402, and HeLa cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 5.38 ± 0.27, 6.61 ± 0.57, and 5.97 ± 0.39 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B118-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">118</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cananga odorata</italic> (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bangladesh</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Show cytotoxic activity based on brine shrimp method with LC<sub>50</sub> value of 4.89 μg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B119-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">119</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cyathostemma argenteum</italic> Wild & R.B.Drumm (Vitaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malaysia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Found to be similarly and moderately cytotoxic against MCF-7 ADR MDA-MB435 and MT-1 cells lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 15.6, 16.7, 6.4 and 18.2 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B120-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">120</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Disepalum plagioneurum</italic> (Diels) D.M.Johnson (Syn <italic>Polyalthia plagioneura</italic> Diels, Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cytotoxic activity against GSC-7901, K562, and SPCA-1 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of of 3.87, 37.61, and 6.19 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B121-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">121</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Disepalum pulchrum</italic> (King) J.Sinclair (syn <italic>Enicosanthellum pulchrum</italic> (King) Heusden, Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Root</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malaysia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inhibited CAOV-3 cell growth with IC<sub>50</sub> value of.3 ± 1.06 µM after 24 h of exposure. Exhibited less activity against SKOV-3 cells, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 68.0 ± 1.56 µM. </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B122-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">122</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Goniothalamus gitingensis</italic> Elmer (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Philippines</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effective antiproliferative effects against HUVEC and K-562 cell lines with GI<sub>50</sub> value of 8.2 ± 0.3 and 6.1 ± 0.8, respectively. </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B123-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">123</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Liriodenine <bold>11</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Guatteria aberrans</italic> Erkens & Maas (Syn <italic>Guatteria f riesiana</italic> (W.A. Rodrigues) Erkens & Maas, Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anticancer potent against B16-F10 (mouse melanoma), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia), and K562 (human chronic myelocytic leukemia) tumor cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of >10, 8.3, 5.5, and 5.0 μM for the respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B124-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">124</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Guatteria blepharophylla</italic> Mart. (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed anti-proliferative activity against UACC-62, MCF-7, NCI-H460, OVCAR-03, PC-3, HT-29, 786-0 and NCI-ADR/RES with TGI value of 63.02, 37.67, 87.41, 372.18, >909.09, >909.09, >909.09 and >909.09 µM, respectively. This compound undermined positive control doxorubicin against MCF-7 with TGI value of 46.04 µM.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B98-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">98</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Magnolia duperreana</italic> Pierre (Syn <italic>Kmeria duperreana</italic> (Pierre) Dandy, Magnoliaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Found to be active against KB and P388 cell lines with ED<sub>50</sub> value of of 1.7 and 0.8 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B125-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">125</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Magnolia floribunda</italic> (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar (Syn <italic>Michelia floribunda</italic> Finet & Gagnep., Magnoliaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Indicated cytotoxic activity against KB and P388 cell lines with with ED<sub>50</sub> value of <2.5 µg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B126-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">126</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Michelia compressa</italic> var. formosana (Magnoliaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Heartwood </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibited powerful inhibitory activity against TW01, H226, Jurkat, A498, A549, and HT1080 carcinoma cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of were 8.99, 14.71, 15.7, 4.52, 8.82 and 9.75 μM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B127-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">127</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Michelia compressa</italic> var. lanyuensis (Magnoliaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Possessed cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells after 24 h treatment at high concentration (100 μM) with 80% of cell viability. </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B128-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">128</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Microcos paniculata</italic> L. (Malvaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Branche</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vitenam</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed low activity against HT-29 cancer cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> values greater than 10 μM.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B129-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">129</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Miliusa sinensis</italic> Finet & Gagnep. (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves and branches</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vietnam</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Indicated a good activity against MCF-7, KB, LU and Hep-G2 cancer cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 2.89, 2.30, 6.66 and 5.23 μg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B130-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">130</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nelumbo nucifera</italic> Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed anti-proliferative effects against AGS and DU-145 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of >500 and 95.4 ± 0.4 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B99-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polyalthia longifolia</italic> var. pendula (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 4.46 and 10.28 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B131-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">131</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Liriodenine <bold>11</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pseuduvaria setosa</italic> (King) J. Sinclair (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aerial part</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Strongly cytotoxic to KB and BC cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> 2.4 µg/mL and 2.3 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B132-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">132</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Saprosma hainanense</italic> Merr. (Rubiaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stems </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibit cytotoxic activities against BEL-7402, SGC-7901, and K-562 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 71.7, 33.7, and 197.7 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B105-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">105</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stephania dinklagei</italic> (Engl.) Diels (Menispermaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aerial parts</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ghana</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibit cytotoxic activity against KB cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 26.9 ± 2.4 μM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B107-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stephania dinklagei</italic> (Engl.) Diels (Menispermaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ghana</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed DNA-damaging activity in the yeast bioassay against YCp50 gal, pRAD52 GAL, Prad52 GLU with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.6, 1.5, and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B108-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">108</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Unonopsis guatterioides</italic> (A.DC.) R.E.Fr.(Sin <italic>Unonopsis buchtienii</italic> R. E.Fries, Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bolivia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Possessed cytotoxic bioactivity against Vero cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 1 μg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B133-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">133</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zanthoxylum nitidum</italic> (Roxb.) DC. (Rutaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibit cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines HT29, A549 and MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 9.12, 6.05, and 11.35 μM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B134-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">134</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zanthoxylum nitidum</italic> (Roxb.) DC. (Rutaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exhibit moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 cancer cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 3.19, 2.38, and 2.19, respectively. Liriodenine (11) was the most cytotoxic isolate in <italic>Zanthoxylum nitidum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B135-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">135</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">(+)-Nornuciferine <bold>73</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Guatteria blepharophylla</italic> Mart (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 NCI-H460 PC-3 HT-29786-0 K562 and NCI-ADR/RES with TGI value of 215.58, 201.99, 542.38, 191.38, 615.23, 153.88 and 255.37 µM, respectively.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B98-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">98</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nelumbo nucifera</italic> Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anti-proliferative effects against AGS and DU-145 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of >500 µM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B99-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoebe grandis</italic> (Nees) Merr. (Lauraceae) </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malaysia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cytotoxic activity against NIH/3T3, HeLa and HL-60 with CD<sub>50</sub> value of 17, 15 and 37 µg/mL, respectively.</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B136-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">136</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" colspan="1">(+)-Reticuline <bold>19</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Argemone Mexicana</italic> L. (Papaveraceae) </td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Whole plant</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cytotoxic effects against HONE-1 (96% of control) and NUGC (90% of control) at concentration of 150 µM</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B137-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">137</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dehaasia longipedicellata</italic> (Ridl.) Kosterm. (Lauraceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stem bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malaysia</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cytotoxicity activities against A549 (IC<sub>50</sub> > 200 µg/mL), A375 (IC<sub>50</sub> 97.600 µg/mL), and BxPC-3 (IC<sub>50</sub> 82.570 µg/mL)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B138-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">138</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hernandia nymphaefolia</italic> (Presi) Kubitzk (Hernandiaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trunk bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anticancer activity against P-388, KB16, A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), and HT-29 (human colon carcinoma cell lines with ED<sub>50</sub> > 50 µg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B139-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">139</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roemerine <bold>49</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nelumbo nucifera</italic> Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed anti-proliferative effects against AGS and DU-145with IC<sub>50</sub> value of >500 and 95.4 ± 0.4 µM, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B99-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(−)-Stepholidine <bold>20</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polyalthia longifolia</italic> (Sonn.) Thwaites (Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bark</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 16.56 µg/mL</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B131-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">131</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Squamolone <bold>82</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Artabotrys hexapetalus</italic> (L.f.) Bhandari (Syn <italic>Artabotrys uncinatus</italic> (Lam) Merr., Annonaceae)</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roots, stems, and leaves</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Showed significant activity against Hep G2 and 2,2,15 cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 2.8 and 1.6 µg/mL, respectively</td><td align="left" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B102-molecules-24-04419" ref-type="bibr">102</xref>]</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Damayanti, Yuvita Dian" sort="Damayanti, Yuvita Dian" uniqKey="Damayanti Y" first="Yuvita Dian" last="Damayanti">Yuvita Dian Damayanti</name><name sortKey="Wangchuk, Phurpa" sort="Wangchuk, Phurpa" uniqKey="Wangchuk P" first="Phurpa" last="Wangchuk">Phurpa Wangchuk</name></noCountry><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nugraha, Ari Satia" sort="Nugraha, Ari Satia" uniqKey="Nugraha A" first="Ari Satia" last="Nugraha">Ari Satia Nugraha</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Keller, Paul A" sort="Keller, Paul A" uniqKey="Keller P" first="Paul A." last="Keller">Paul A. 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