First evidence of the deletion in the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes in Plasmodium falciparum from Equatorial Guinea
Identifieur interne : 000F86 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 000F85; suivant : 000F87First evidence of the deletion in the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes in Plasmodium falciparum from Equatorial Guinea
Auteurs : Pedro Berzosa [Espagne] ; Vicenta González [Espagne] ; Laura Taravillo [Espagne] ; Alfredo Mayor [Espagne] ; María Romay-Barja [Espagne] ; Luz García [Espagne] ; Policarpo Ncogo [Guinée équatoriale] ; Matilde Riloha [Guinée équatoriale] ; Agustín Benito [Espagne]Source :
- Malaria Journal [ 1475-2875 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) as a good alternative malaria-diagnosis method in remote parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of commercial RDTs currently available detect the
Malaria NM-PCR was carried out on all the samples collected in the field. A group of 128 samples was positive by PCR but negative by RDT; these samples were classified as RDT false-negatives. PCR was carried out for exon2 of
After PCR, 81 samples were identified (4.7%, 95% CI 3.8–5.8) which had deletion in both genes,
The present study provides the first evidence of deletion in the
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03178-9
PubMed: 32122352
PubMed Central: 7050119
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PMC:7050119Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Ncogo, Policarpo" sort="Ncogo, Policarpo" uniqKey="Ncogo P" first="Policarpo" last="Ncogo">Policarpo Ncogo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Benito, Agustin" sort="Benito, Agustin" uniqKey="Benito A" first="Agustín" last="Benito">Agustín Benito</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">First evidence of the deletion in the <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
and <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
genes in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
from Equatorial Guinea</title>
<author><name sortKey="Berzosa, Pedro" sort="Berzosa, Pedro" uniqKey="Berzosa P" first="Pedro" last="Berzosa">Pedro Berzosa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413448.e</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id>
<institution>Malaria Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Institute of Health Carlos III,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Vicenta" sort="Gonzalez, Vicenta" uniqKey="Gonzalez V" first="Vicenta" last="González">Vicenta González</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413448.e</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id>
<institution>Malaria Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Institute of Health Carlos III,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taravillo, Laura" sort="Taravillo, Laura" uniqKey="Taravillo L" first="Laura" last="Taravillo">Laura Taravillo</name>
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<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id>
<institution>Malaria Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Institute of Health Carlos III,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayor, Alfredo" sort="Mayor, Alfredo" uniqKey="Mayor A" first="Alfredo" last="Mayor">Alfredo Mayor</name>
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<institution>ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romay Barja, Maria" sort="Romay Barja, Maria" uniqKey="Romay Barja M" first="María" last="Romay-Barja">María Romay-Barja</name>
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<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id>
<institution>Malaria Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Institute of Health Carlos III,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, Luz" sort="Garcia, Luz" uniqKey="Garcia L" first="Luz" last="García">Luz García</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413448.e</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id>
<institution>Malaria Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Institute of Health Carlos III,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ncogo, Policarpo" sort="Ncogo, Policarpo" uniqKey="Ncogo P" first="Policarpo" last="Ncogo">Policarpo Ncogo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Global Health Programme, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée équatoriale</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Health Programme, Malabo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Malabo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée équatoriale</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Malabo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riloha, Matilde" sort="Riloha, Matilde" uniqKey="Riloha M" first="Matilde" last="Riloha">Matilde Riloha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Global Health Programme, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée équatoriale</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Health Programme, Malabo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Malabo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guinée équatoriale</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Malabo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benito, Agustin" sort="Benito, Agustin" uniqKey="Benito A" first="Agustín" last="Benito">Agustín Benito</name>
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<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9314 1427</institution-id>
<institution>Malaria Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Institute of Health Carlos III,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Malaria Journal</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1475-2875</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020">2020</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p id="Par1">The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) as a good alternative malaria-diagnosis method in remote parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of commercial RDTs currently available detect the <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
protein histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). There have also been recent reports of <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
gene deletions being found in parasites collected from several African countries. The WHO has concluded that lacking the <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
gene must be monitored in Africa. The purpose of the study was to analyse why the samples that were positive by PCR were negative by RDTs and, therefore, to determine whether there have been deletions in the <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
and/or <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
genes.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p id="Par2">Malaria NM-PCR was carried out on all the samples collected in the field. A group of 128 samples was positive by PCR but negative by RDT; these samples were classified as RDT false-negatives. PCR was carried out for exon2 of <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
and <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
genes to detect the presence or absence of these two genes. Frequencies with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for prevalence estimates. Associations were assessed by the Chi square test or Fisher´s exact test. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using the software package SPSSv.15.0.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p id="Par3">After PCR, 81 samples were identified (4.7%, 95% CI 3.8–5.8) which had deletion in both genes, <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
and <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
. Overall, however, 11 samples (0.6%, 95% CI 0.36–1.14) had deletion only in <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
but not in <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
, and 15 (0.9%, 95% CI 0.6–1.5) presented with deletion only in <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
but not in <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
. Considering the <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
gene separately, within the total of 1724 samples, 92 (5.3%, 95% CI 4.37–6.5) had evidence of deletion.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p id="Par4">The present study provides the first evidence of deletion in the <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
and <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
genes in <italic>P. falciparum</italic>
isolates from Equatorial Guinea. However, larger studies across different regions within the country and across different seasonal profiles are needed to determine the full extent of <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
and <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
deletion. It is strongly recommended to implement an active surveillance programme in order to detect any increases in <italic>pfhrp2</italic>
and <italic>pfhrp3</italic>
deletion frequencies.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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