COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa
Identifieur interne : 000E50 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 000E49; suivant : 000E51COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa
Auteurs : Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa [Nigeria] ; Abebe Bekele [Rwanda] ; Atakltie Baraki Berhea [Éthiopie] ; Eric Borgstein [Malawi] ; Nina Capo-Chichi [Burkina Faso, Bénin] ; Miliard Derbew [Rwanda, Éthiopie, Bénin] ; Faye M. Evans [États-Unis] ; Mekdes Daba Feyssa [Éthiopie] ; Moses Galukande [Ouganda] ; Atul A. Gawande [États-Unis, Royaume-Uni] ; Serigne Magueye Gueye [Sénégal, Nigeria] ; Ewen Harrison [Royaume-Uni] ; Pankaj Jani [Rwanda] ; Neema Kaseje [Suisse] ; Louis Litswa [Kenya] ; Tihitena Negussie Mammo [Éthiopie] ; Jannicke Mellin-Olsen [Royaume-Uni] ; Godfrey Muguti [Rwanda, Zimbabwe] ; Mary T. Nabukenya [Ouganda] ; Eugene Ngoga [Rwanda] ; Faustin Ntirenganya [Rwanda] ; Stephen Rulisa [Rwanda] ; Nichole Starr [États-Unis] ; Stephen Tabiri [Ghana] ; Mahelet Tadesse [Éthiopie] ; Isabeau Walker ; Thomas G. Weiser ; Sherry M. WrenSource :
- Annals of Surgery [ 0003-4932 ] ; 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003964
PubMed: 32301806
PubMed Central: 7188046
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Eric Borgstein<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Medical Advisory Board Member, Smile Train</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Smile Train</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33">Education Committee, Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34">Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Clinical Advisory Group, Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lifebox Foundation</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34">Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Clinical Advisory Group, Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lifebox Foundation</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37">East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Rwanda Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rwanda Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Finance Committee, East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Ghana Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ghana Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46">Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46">Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" sort="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" uniqKey="Ademuyiwa A" first="Adesoji O." last="Ademuyiwa">Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Berhea, Atakltie Baraki" sort="Berhea, Atakltie Baraki" uniqKey="Berhea A" first="Atakltie Baraki" last="Berhea">Atakltie Baraki Berhea</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Borgstein, Eric" sort="Borgstein, Eric" uniqKey="Borgstein E" first="Eric" last="Borgstein">Eric Borgstein</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Capo Chichi, Nina" sort="Capo Chichi, Nina" uniqKey="Capo Chichi N" first="Nina" last="Capo-Chichi">Nina Capo-Chichi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Derbew, Miliard" sort="Derbew, Miliard" uniqKey="Derbew M" first="Miliard" last="Derbew">Miliard Derbew</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Evans, Faye M" sort="Evans, Faye M" uniqKey="Evans F" first="Faye M." last="Evans">Faye M. Evans</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" sort="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" uniqKey="Feyssa M" first="Mekdes Daba" last="Feyssa">Mekdes Daba Feyssa</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Ethiopian Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Galukande, Moses" sort="Galukande, Moses" uniqKey="Galukande M" first="Moses" last="Galukande">Moses Galukande</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gawande, Atul A" sort="Gawande, Atul A" uniqKey="Gawande A" first="Atul A." last="Gawande">Atul A. Gawande</name>
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</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19">Ariadne Labs at Brigham Health and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Haven, UK</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" sort="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" uniqKey="Gueye S" first="Serigne Magueye" last="Gueye">Serigne Magueye Gueye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">West African College of Surgeons, Lagos, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>West African College of Surgeons, Lagos</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lagos</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harrison, Ewen" sort="Harrison, Ewen" uniqKey="Harrison E" first="Ewen" last="Harrison">Ewen Harrison</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24">GlobalSurg Collaborative</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jani, Pankaj" sort="Jani, Pankaj" uniqKey="Jani P" first="Pankaj" last="Jani">Pankaj Jani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>and Southern Africa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaseje, Neema" sort="Kaseje, Neema" uniqKey="Kaseje N" first="Neema" last="Kaseje">Neema Kaseje</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Medicins Sans Frontiers, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medicins Sans Frontiers, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27">Global Initiative for Children's Surgery</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Litswa, Louis" sort="Litswa, Louis" uniqKey="Litswa L" first="Louis" last="Litswa">Louis Litswa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Gertrudes Hospital Division of Anesthesia, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Gertrudes Hospital Division of Anesthesia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29">Kenya Society of Anaesthesiologists</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" sort="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" uniqKey="Mammo T" first="Tihitena Negussie" last="Mammo">Tihitena Negussie Mammo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" sort="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" uniqKey="Mellin Olsen J" first="Jannicke" last="Mellin-Olsen">Jannicke Mellin-Olsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30">World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muguti, Godfrey" sort="Muguti, Godfrey" uniqKey="Muguti G" first="Godfrey" last="Muguti">Godfrey Muguti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>and Southern Africa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nabukenya, Mary T" sort="Nabukenya, Mary T" uniqKey="Nabukenya M" first="Mary T." last="Nabukenya">Mary T. Nabukenya</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33">Education Committee, Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34">Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Clinical Advisory Group, Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lifebox Foundation</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ngoga, Eugene" sort="Ngoga, Eugene" uniqKey="Ngoga E" first="Eugene" last="Ngoga">Eugene Ngoga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rwanda Military Hospital (affiliated with University of Rwanda), Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rwanda Military Hospital (affiliated with University of Rwanda)</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Rwanda Military Hospital (affiliated with University of Rwanda)</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36">Rwanda Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37">East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ntirenganya, Faustin" sort="Ntirenganya, Faustin" uniqKey="Ntirenganya F" first="Faustin" last="Ntirenganya">Faustin Ntirenganya</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">University of Rwanda, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Rwanda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Rwanda Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rwanda Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rulisa, Stephen" sort="Rulisa, Stephen" uniqKey="Rulisa S" first="Stephen" last="Rulisa">Stephen Rulisa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">University of Rwanda, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Rwanda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Finance Committee, East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starr, Nichole" sort="Starr, Nichole" uniqKey="Starr N" first="Nichole" last="Starr">Nichole Starr</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff41">University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of California San Francisco, San Francisco</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tabiri, Stephen" sort="Tabiri, Stephen" uniqKey="Tabiri S" first="Stephen" last="Tabiri">Stephen Tabiri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">University for Development Studies-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tamale, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University for Development Studies-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tamale</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamale</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Ghana Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ghana Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tadesse, Mahelet" sort="Tadesse, Mahelet" uniqKey="Tadesse M" first="Mahelet" last="Tadesse">Mahelet Tadesse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44">Ethiopian Society of Anesthesiologists</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walker, Isabeau" sort="Walker, Isabeau" uniqKey="Walker I" first="Isabeau" last="Walker">Isabeau Walker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45">Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiser, Thomas G" sort="Weiser, Thomas G" uniqKey="Weiser T" first="Thomas G." last="Weiser">Thomas G. Weiser</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46">Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wren, Sherry M" sort="Wren, Sherry M" uniqKey="Wren S" first="Sherry M." last="Wren">Sherry M. Wren</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46">Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">32301806</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7188046</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7188046</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7188046</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1097/SLA.0000000000003964</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" sort="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" uniqKey="Ademuyiwa A" first="Adesoji O." last="Ademuyiwa">Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Pan Africa Paediatric Surgery Association</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bekele, Abebe" sort="Bekele, Abebe" uniqKey="Bekele A" first="Abebe" last="Bekele">Abebe Bekele</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berhea, Atakltie Baraki" sort="Berhea, Atakltie Baraki" uniqKey="Berhea A" first="Atakltie Baraki" last="Berhea">Atakltie Baraki Berhea</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Surgical Society of Ethiopia, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Surgical Society of Ethiopia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borgstein, Eric" sort="Borgstein, Eric" uniqKey="Borgstein E" first="Eric" last="Borgstein">Eric Borgstein</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capo Chichi, Nina" sort="Capo Chichi, Nina" uniqKey="Capo Chichi N" first="Nina" last="Capo-Chichi">Nina Capo-Chichi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Bénin</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lifebox Foundation</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derbew, Miliard" sort="Derbew, Miliard" uniqKey="Derbew M" first="Miliard" last="Derbew">Miliard Derbew</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Lifebox Foundation, Benin</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bénin</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lifebox Foundation</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evans, Faye M" sort="Evans, Faye M" uniqKey="Evans F" first="Faye M." last="Evans">Faye M. Evans</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Medical Advisory Board Member, Smile Train</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Smile Train</wicri:noCountry>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" sort="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" uniqKey="Feyssa M" first="Mekdes Daba" last="Feyssa">Mekdes Daba Feyssa</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Ethiopian Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galukande, Moses" sort="Galukande, Moses" uniqKey="Galukande M" first="Moses" last="Galukande">Moses Galukande</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Makerere University</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Association of Surgeons of Uganda, Uganda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Association of Surgeons of Uganda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gawande, Atul A" sort="Gawande, Atul A" uniqKey="Gawande A" first="Atul A." last="Gawande">Atul A. Gawande</name>
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<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19">Ariadne Labs at Brigham Health and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Haven, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Haven</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" sort="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" uniqKey="Gueye S" first="Serigne Magueye" last="Gueye">Serigne Magueye Gueye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">West African College of Surgeons, Lagos, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>West African College of Surgeons, Lagos</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lagos</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harrison, Ewen" sort="Harrison, Ewen" uniqKey="Harrison E" first="Ewen" last="Harrison">Ewen Harrison</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff23">University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24">GlobalSurg Collaborative</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jani, Pankaj" sort="Jani, Pankaj" uniqKey="Jani P" first="Pankaj" last="Jani">Pankaj Jani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>and Southern Africa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaseje, Neema" sort="Kaseje, Neema" uniqKey="Kaseje N" first="Neema" last="Kaseje">Neema Kaseje</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25">World Health Organization Emergency and Essential Surgical Care Program</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Medicins Sans Frontiers, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medicins Sans Frontiers, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27">Global Initiative for Children's Surgery</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Litswa, Louis" sort="Litswa, Louis" uniqKey="Litswa L" first="Louis" last="Litswa">Louis Litswa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Gertrudes Hospital Division of Anesthesia, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Gertrudes Hospital Division of Anesthesia</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29">Kenya Society of Anaesthesiologists</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" sort="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" uniqKey="Mammo T" first="Tihitena Negussie" last="Mammo">Tihitena Negussie Mammo</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" sort="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" uniqKey="Mellin Olsen J" first="Jannicke" last="Mellin-Olsen">Jannicke Mellin-Olsen</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muguti, Godfrey" sort="Muguti, Godfrey" uniqKey="Muguti G" first="Godfrey" last="Muguti">Godfrey Muguti</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>and Southern Africa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nabukenya, Mary T" sort="Nabukenya, Mary T" uniqKey="Nabukenya M" first="Mary T." last="Nabukenya">Mary T. Nabukenya</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33">Education Committee, Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34">Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Clinical Advisory Group, Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ngoga, Eugene" sort="Ngoga, Eugene" uniqKey="Ngoga E" first="Eugene" last="Ngoga">Eugene Ngoga</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37">East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ntirenganya, Faustin" sort="Ntirenganya, Faustin" uniqKey="Ntirenganya F" first="Faustin" last="Ntirenganya">Faustin Ntirenganya</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Rwanda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Rwanda Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rwanda Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rulisa, Stephen" sort="Rulisa, Stephen" uniqKey="Rulisa S" first="Stephen" last="Rulisa">Stephen Rulisa</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Rwanda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Finance Committee, East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starr, Nichole" sort="Starr, Nichole" uniqKey="Starr N" first="Nichole" last="Starr">Nichole Starr</name>
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</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of California San Francisco, San Francisco</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tabiri, Stephen" sort="Tabiri, Stephen" uniqKey="Tabiri S" first="Stephen" last="Tabiri">Stephen Tabiri</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tadesse, Mahelet" sort="Tadesse, Mahelet" uniqKey="Tadesse M" first="Mahelet" last="Tadesse">Mahelet Tadesse</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Walker, Isabeau" sort="Walker, Isabeau" uniqKey="Walker I" first="Isabeau" last="Walker">Isabeau Walker</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Weiser, Thomas G" sort="Weiser, Thomas G" uniqKey="Weiser T" first="Thomas G." last="Weiser">Thomas G. Weiser</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wren, Sherry M" sort="Wren, Sherry M" uniqKey="Wren S" first="Sherry M." last="Wren">Sherry M. Wren</name>
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<series><title level="j">Annals of Surgery</title>
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