COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa
Identifieur interne : 000E50 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000E49; suivant : 000E51COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa
Auteurs : Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa [Nigeria] ; Abebe Bekele [Rwanda] ; Atakltie Baraki Berhea [Éthiopie] ; Eric Borgstein [Malawi] ; Nina Capo-Chichi [Burkina Faso, Bénin] ; Miliard Derbew [Rwanda, Éthiopie, Bénin] ; Faye M. Evans [États-Unis] ; Mekdes Daba Feyssa [Éthiopie] ; Moses Galukande [Ouganda] ; Atul A. Gawande [États-Unis, Royaume-Uni] ; Serigne Magueye Gueye [Sénégal, Nigeria] ; Ewen Harrison [Royaume-Uni] ; Pankaj Jani [Rwanda] ; Neema Kaseje [Suisse] ; Louis Litswa [Kenya] ; Tihitena Negussie Mammo [Éthiopie] ; Jannicke Mellin-Olsen [Royaume-Uni] ; Godfrey Muguti [Rwanda, Zimbabwe] ; Mary T. Nabukenya [Ouganda] ; Eugene Ngoga [Rwanda] ; Faustin Ntirenganya [Rwanda] ; Stephen Rulisa [Rwanda] ; Nichole Starr [États-Unis] ; Stephen Tabiri [Ghana] ; Mahelet Tadesse [Éthiopie] ; Isabeau Walker ; Thomas G. Weiser ; Sherry M. WrenSource :
- Annals of Surgery [ 0003-4932 ] ; 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003964
PubMed: 32301806
PubMed Central: 7188046
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<author><name sortKey="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" sort="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" uniqKey="Ademuyiwa A" first="Adesoji O." last="Ademuyiwa">Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Capo Chichi, Nina" sort="Capo Chichi, Nina" uniqKey="Capo Chichi N" first="Nina" last="Capo-Chichi">Nina Capo-Chichi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Derbew, Miliard" sort="Derbew, Miliard" uniqKey="Derbew M" first="Miliard" last="Derbew">Miliard Derbew</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Evans, Faye M" sort="Evans, Faye M" uniqKey="Evans F" first="Faye M." last="Evans">Faye M. Evans</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" sort="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" uniqKey="Feyssa M" first="Mekdes Daba" last="Feyssa">Mekdes Daba Feyssa</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Galukande, Moses" sort="Galukande, Moses" uniqKey="Galukande M" first="Moses" last="Galukande">Moses Galukande</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gawande, Atul A" sort="Gawande, Atul A" uniqKey="Gawande A" first="Atul A." last="Gawande">Atul A. Gawande</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" sort="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" uniqKey="Gueye S" first="Serigne Magueye" last="Gueye">Serigne Magueye Gueye</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Harrison, Ewen" sort="Harrison, Ewen" uniqKey="Harrison E" first="Ewen" last="Harrison">Ewen Harrison</name>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Jani, Pankaj" sort="Jani, Pankaj" uniqKey="Jani P" first="Pankaj" last="Jani">Pankaj Jani</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kaseje, Neema" sort="Kaseje, Neema" uniqKey="Kaseje N" first="Neema" last="Kaseje">Neema Kaseje</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Litswa, Louis" sort="Litswa, Louis" uniqKey="Litswa L" first="Louis" last="Litswa">Louis Litswa</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" sort="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" uniqKey="Mammo T" first="Tihitena Negussie" last="Mammo">Tihitena Negussie Mammo</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" sort="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" uniqKey="Mellin Olsen J" first="Jannicke" last="Mellin-Olsen">Jannicke Mellin-Olsen</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Muguti, Godfrey" sort="Muguti, Godfrey" uniqKey="Muguti G" first="Godfrey" last="Muguti">Godfrey Muguti</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nabukenya, Mary T" sort="Nabukenya, Mary T" uniqKey="Nabukenya M" first="Mary T." last="Nabukenya">Mary T. Nabukenya</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33">Education Committee, Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34">Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Clinical Advisory Group, Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lifebox Foundation</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ngoga, Eugene" sort="Ngoga, Eugene" uniqKey="Ngoga E" first="Eugene" last="Ngoga">Eugene Ngoga</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rwanda Military Hospital (affiliated with University of Rwanda)</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36">Rwanda Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37">East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ntirenganya, Faustin" sort="Ntirenganya, Faustin" uniqKey="Ntirenganya F" first="Faustin" last="Ntirenganya">Faustin Ntirenganya</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Rwanda Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rwanda Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rulisa, Stephen" sort="Rulisa, Stephen" uniqKey="Rulisa S" first="Stephen" last="Rulisa">Stephen Rulisa</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Finance Committee, East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starr, Nichole" sort="Starr, Nichole" uniqKey="Starr N" first="Nichole" last="Starr">Nichole Starr</name>
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</affiliation>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of California San Francisco, San Francisco</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tabiri, Stephen" sort="Tabiri, Stephen" uniqKey="Tabiri S" first="Stephen" last="Tabiri">Stephen Tabiri</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Ghana Hub</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tadesse, Mahelet" sort="Tadesse, Mahelet" uniqKey="Tadesse M" first="Mahelet" last="Tadesse">Mahelet Tadesse</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44">Ethiopian Society of Anesthesiologists</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walker, Isabeau" sort="Walker, Isabeau" uniqKey="Walker I" first="Isabeau" last="Walker">Isabeau Walker</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45">Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiser, Thomas G" sort="Weiser, Thomas G" uniqKey="Weiser T" first="Thomas G." last="Weiser">Thomas G. Weiser</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46">Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wren, Sherry M" sort="Wren, Sherry M" uniqKey="Wren S" first="Sherry M." last="Wren">Sherry M. Wren</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46">Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" sort="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" uniqKey="Ademuyiwa A" first="Adesoji O." last="Ademuyiwa">Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bekele, Abebe" sort="Bekele, Abebe" uniqKey="Bekele A" first="Abebe" last="Bekele">Abebe Bekele</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Borgstein, Eric" sort="Borgstein, Eric" uniqKey="Borgstein E" first="Eric" last="Borgstein">Eric Borgstein</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Malawi</country>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</nlm:aff>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Capo Chichi, Nina" sort="Capo Chichi, Nina" uniqKey="Capo Chichi N" first="Nina" last="Capo-Chichi">Nina Capo-Chichi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Lifebox Foundation, Benin</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bénin</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lifebox Foundation</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Evans, Faye M" sort="Evans, Faye M" uniqKey="Evans F" first="Faye M." last="Evans">Faye M. Evans</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" sort="Feyssa, Mekdes Daba" uniqKey="Feyssa M" first="Mekdes Daba" last="Feyssa">Mekdes Daba Feyssa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galukande, Moses" sort="Galukande, Moses" uniqKey="Galukande M" first="Moses" last="Galukande">Moses Galukande</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Makerere University</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Association of Surgeons of Uganda, Uganda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Association of Surgeons of Uganda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gawande, Atul A" sort="Gawande, Atul A" uniqKey="Gawande A" first="Atul A." last="Gawande">Atul A. Gawande</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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<wicri:cityArea>Harvard University, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Haven</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" sort="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" uniqKey="Gueye S" first="Serigne Magueye" last="Gueye">Serigne Magueye Gueye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">West African College of Surgeons, Lagos, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Lagos</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Harrison, Ewen" sort="Harrison, Ewen" uniqKey="Harrison E" first="Ewen" last="Harrison">Ewen Harrison</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff23">University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24">GlobalSurg Collaborative</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jani, Pankaj" sort="Jani, Pankaj" uniqKey="Jani P" first="Pankaj" last="Jani">Pankaj Jani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kaseje, Neema" sort="Kaseje, Neema" uniqKey="Kaseje N" first="Neema" last="Kaseje">Neema Kaseje</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25">World Health Organization Emergency and Essential Surgical Care Program</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Medicins Sans Frontiers, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medicins Sans Frontiers, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27">Global Initiative for Children's Surgery</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Litswa, Louis" sort="Litswa, Louis" uniqKey="Litswa L" first="Louis" last="Litswa">Louis Litswa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Gertrudes Hospital Division of Anesthesia, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Gertrudes Hospital Division of Anesthesia</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29">Kenya Society of Anaesthesiologists</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" sort="Mammo, Tihitena Negussie" uniqKey="Mammo T" first="Tihitena Negussie" last="Mammo">Tihitena Negussie Mammo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" sort="Mellin Olsen, Jannicke" uniqKey="Mellin Olsen J" first="Jannicke" last="Mellin-Olsen">Jannicke Mellin-Olsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30">World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muguti, Godfrey" sort="Muguti, Godfrey" uniqKey="Muguti G" first="Godfrey" last="Muguti">Godfrey Muguti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>and Southern Africa</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nabukenya, Mary T" sort="Nabukenya, Mary T" uniqKey="Nabukenya M" first="Mary T." last="Nabukenya">Mary T. Nabukenya</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33">Education Committee, Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34">Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Clinical Advisory Group, Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lifebox Foundation</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ngoga, Eugene" sort="Ngoga, Eugene" uniqKey="Ngoga E" first="Eugene" last="Ngoga">Eugene Ngoga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rwanda Military Hospital (affiliated with University of Rwanda), Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rwanda Military Hospital (affiliated with University of Rwanda)</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37">East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ntirenganya, Faustin" sort="Ntirenganya, Faustin" uniqKey="Ntirenganya F" first="Faustin" last="Ntirenganya">Faustin Ntirenganya</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Rwanda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Rwanda Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rwanda Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rulisa, Stephen" sort="Rulisa, Stephen" uniqKey="Rulisa S" first="Stephen" last="Rulisa">Stephen Rulisa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">University of Rwanda, Rwanda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Rwanda</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40">Finance Committee, East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Starr, Nichole" sort="Starr, Nichole" uniqKey="Starr N" first="Nichole" last="Starr">Nichole Starr</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Lifebox Foundation</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff41">University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>University of California San Francisco, San Francisco</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tabiri, Stephen" sort="Tabiri, Stephen" uniqKey="Tabiri S" first="Stephen" last="Tabiri">Stephen Tabiri</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43">National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Ghana Hub</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ghana Hub</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tadesse, Mahelet" sort="Tadesse, Mahelet" uniqKey="Tadesse M" first="Mahelet" last="Tadesse">Mahelet Tadesse</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44">Ethiopian Society of Anesthesiologists</nlm:aff>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walker, Isabeau" sort="Walker, Isabeau" uniqKey="Walker I" first="Isabeau" last="Walker">Isabeau Walker</name>
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</author>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
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</author>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46">Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CA.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<series><title level="j">Annals of Surgery</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0003-4932</idno>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Surg</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ann. Surg</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ANSU</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Annals of Surgery</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0003-4932</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1528-1140</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32301806</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7188046</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ANNSURG-D-20-00826</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/SLA.0000000000003964</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Commentary (by Invitation only)</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ademuyiwa</surname>
<given-names>Adesoji O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>∗</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>†</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>‡</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bekele</surname>
<given-names>Abebe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>§</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berhea</surname>
<given-names>Atakltie Baraki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>#</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borgstein</surname>
<given-names>Eric</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>∗∗</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>††</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Capo-Chichi</surname>
<given-names>Nina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>‡‡</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>§§</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Derbew</surname>
<given-names>Miliard</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>§§</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>Faye M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>¶¶</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>||||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>##</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feyssa</surname>
<given-names>Mekdes Daba</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>∗∗∗</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>†††</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Galukande</surname>
<given-names>Moses</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>‡‡‡</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>§§§</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gawande</surname>
<given-names>Atul A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>¶¶</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>||||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>¶¶¶</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>||||||</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gueye</surname>
<given-names>Serigne Magueye</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>###</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>∗∗∗∗</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harrison</surname>
<given-names>Ewen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23"><sup>††††</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>‡‡‡‡</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jani</surname>
<given-names>Pankaj</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaseje</surname>
<given-names>Neema</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>§§§§</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>¶¶¶¶</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27"><sup>||||||||</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Litswa</surname>
<given-names>Louis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28"><sup>####</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29"><sup>∗∗∗∗∗</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mammo</surname>
<given-names>Tihitena Negussie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>||||</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mellin-Olsen</surname>
<given-names>Jannicke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30"><sup>†††††</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muguti</surname>
<given-names>Godfrey</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31"><sup>‡‡‡‡‡</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nabukenya</surname>
<given-names>Mary T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32"><sup>§§§§§</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33"><sup>¶¶¶¶¶</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34"><sup>||||||||||</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ngoga</surname>
<given-names>Eugene</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35"><sup>#####</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36"><sup>∗∗∗∗∗∗</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37"><sup>††††††</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ntirenganya</surname>
<given-names>Faustin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38"><sup>‡‡‡‡‡‡</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39"><sup>§§§§§§</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rulisa</surname>
<given-names>Stephen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38"><sup>‡‡‡‡‡‡</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40"><sup>¶¶¶¶¶¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Starr</surname>
<given-names>Nichole</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>||||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41"><sup>||||||||||||</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tabiri</surname>
<given-names>Stephen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42"><sup>######</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43"><sup>∗∗∗∗∗∗∗</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tadesse</surname>
<given-names>Mahelet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff44"><sup>†††††††</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>Isabeau</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>||||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff45"><sup>‡‡‡‡‡‡‡</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weiser</surname>
<given-names>Thomas G.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>||||</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46"><sup>§§§§§§§</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wren</surname>
<given-names>Sherry M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46"><sup>§§§§§§§</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>∗</label>
University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>†</label>
National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Lagos Hub, Lagos, Nigeria</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>‡</label>
Pan Africa Paediatric Surgery Association, Nigeria</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>§</label>
University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>¶</label>
College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa, Rwanda</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>||</label>
Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>#</label>
Surgical Society of Ethiopia, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>∗∗</label>
Blantyre, Malawi</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>††</label>
College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>‡‡</label>
Smile Train, Francophone West Africa (Benin, Togo, Burkina Faso)</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>§§</label>
Lifebox Foundation, Benin</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>¶¶</label>
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><label>||||</label>
Lifebox Foundation</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><label>##</label>
Medical Advisory Board Member, Smile Train</aff>
<aff id="aff15"><label>∗∗∗</label>
St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff16"><label>†††</label>
Ethiopian Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Ethiopia</aff>
<aff id="aff17"><label>‡‡‡</label>
Department of Surgery, Makerere University, Uganda</aff>
<aff id="aff18"><label>§§§</label>
Association of Surgeons of Uganda, Uganda</aff>
<aff id="aff19"><label>¶¶¶</label>
Ariadne Labs at Brigham Health and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health</aff>
<aff id="aff20"><label>||||||</label>
Haven, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff21"><label>###</label>
University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal</aff>
<aff id="aff22"><label>∗∗∗∗</label>
West African College of Surgeons, Lagos, Nigeria</aff>
<aff id="aff23"><label>††††</label>
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff24"><label>‡‡‡‡</label>
GlobalSurg Collaborative</aff>
<aff id="aff25"><label>§§§§</label>
World Health Organization Emergency and Essential Surgical Care Program</aff>
<aff id="aff26"><label>¶¶¶¶</label>
Medicins Sans Frontiers, Geneva, Switzerland</aff>
<aff id="aff27"><label>||||||||</label>
Global Initiative for Children's Surgery</aff>
<aff id="aff28"><label>####</label>
Gertrudes Hospital Division of Anesthesia, Kenya</aff>
<aff id="aff29"><label>∗∗∗∗∗</label>
Kenya Society of Anaesthesiologists</aff>
<aff id="aff30"><label>†††††</label>
World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff31"><label>‡‡‡‡‡</label>
University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</aff>
<aff id="aff32"><label>§§§§§</label>
Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda</aff>
<aff id="aff33"><label>¶¶¶¶¶</label>
Education Committee, Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda</aff>
<aff id="aff34"><label>||||||||||</label>
Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Clinical Advisory Group, Lifebox Foundation</aff>
<aff id="aff35"><label>#####</label>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rwanda Military Hospital (affiliated with University of Rwanda), Rwanda</aff>
<aff id="aff36"><label>∗∗∗∗∗∗</label>
Rwanda Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</aff>
<aff id="aff37"><label>††††††</label>
East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</aff>
<aff id="aff38"><label>‡‡‡‡‡‡</label>
University of Rwanda, Rwanda</aff>
<aff id="aff39"><label>§§§§§§</label>
National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Rwanda Hub</aff>
<aff id="aff40"><label>¶¶¶¶¶¶</label>
Finance Committee, East, Central, and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics & Gynecology</aff>
<aff id="aff41"><label>||||||||||||</label>
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA</aff>
<aff id="aff42"><label>######</label>
University for Development Studies-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tamale, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="aff43"><label>∗∗∗∗∗∗∗</label>
National Institute of Health Research Global Surgery Unit, Ghana Hub</aff>
<aff id="aff44"><label>†††††††</label>
Ethiopian Society of Anesthesiologists</aff>
<aff id="aff45"><label>‡‡‡‡‡‡‡</label>
Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Foundation</aff>
<aff id="aff46"><label>§§§§§§§</label>
Stanford University, Stanford, CA.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp><email>tweiser@stanford.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>13</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<elocation-id>10.1097/SLA.0000000000003964</elocation-id>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<license license-type="NIH OGC"><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Burkina Faso</li>
<li>Bénin</li>
<li>Ghana</li>
<li>Kenya</li>
<li>Malawi</li>
<li>Nigeria</li>
<li>Ouganda</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Rwanda</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>Sénégal</li>
<li>Zimbabwe</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
<li>Éthiopie</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Écosse</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Londres</li>
<li>Édimbourg</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Walker, Isabeau" sort="Walker, Isabeau" uniqKey="Walker I" first="Isabeau" last="Walker">Isabeau Walker</name>
<name sortKey="Weiser, Thomas G" sort="Weiser, Thomas G" uniqKey="Weiser T" first="Thomas G." last="Weiser">Thomas G. Weiser</name>
<name sortKey="Wren, Sherry M" sort="Wren, Sherry M" uniqKey="Wren S" first="Sherry M." last="Wren">Sherry M. Wren</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" sort="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" uniqKey="Ademuyiwa A" first="Adesoji O." last="Ademuyiwa">Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" sort="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" uniqKey="Ademuyiwa A" first="Adesoji O." last="Ademuyiwa">Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa</name>
<name sortKey="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" sort="Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O" uniqKey="Ademuyiwa A" first="Adesoji O." last="Ademuyiwa">Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa</name>
<name sortKey="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" sort="Gueye, Serigne Magueye" uniqKey="Gueye S" first="Serigne Magueye" last="Gueye">Serigne Magueye Gueye</name>
</country>
<country name="Rwanda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bekele, Abebe" sort="Bekele, Abebe" uniqKey="Bekele A" first="Abebe" last="Bekele">Abebe Bekele</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bekele, Abebe" sort="Bekele, Abebe" uniqKey="Bekele A" first="Abebe" last="Bekele">Abebe Bekele</name>
<name sortKey="Derbew, Miliard" sort="Derbew, Miliard" uniqKey="Derbew M" first="Miliard" last="Derbew">Miliard Derbew</name>
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<country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Litswa, Louis" sort="Litswa, Louis" uniqKey="Litswa L" first="Louis" last="Litswa">Louis Litswa</name>
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<country name="Zimbabwe"><noRegion><name sortKey="Muguti, Godfrey" sort="Muguti, Godfrey" uniqKey="Muguti G" first="Godfrey" last="Muguti">Godfrey Muguti</name>
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<country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tabiri, Stephen" sort="Tabiri, Stephen" uniqKey="Tabiri S" first="Stephen" last="Tabiri">Stephen Tabiri</name>
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