Sound fields in orchestra pits
Identifieur interne : 002737 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 002736; suivant : 002738Sound fields in orchestra pits
Auteurs : Juergen MeyerSource :
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America [ 0001-4966 ] ; 1998-05.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- 4390.
Abstract
The main problem for musicians sitting in opera house orchestra pits is the general loudness of the orchestral sound. The sound field occurring at the musicians' ears is not only affected by direct sound, early reflections, and reverberation, but-particularly for seats under the stage-by standing waves. Whereas direct sound and diffuse reflections appear to come from comparatively large distances, the sound due to standing waves is localized just around the head. Therefore, it is extremely disturbing for the players, impairing the tonal control of their own instruments as well as the ease of ensemble. Disturbing direct sound may be reduced (5-10 dB) by special screens directly behind the musician's head. Standing waves between the floor and cover of the pit are critical if the musicians' ears are in the neighborhood of the antinodes; this does not occur with the lowest mode, but for modes having two or three half-wavelengths, assuming the ears at a height of 1.15 m above the floor. Therefore, a distance between floor and cover of 2.0-2.75 m (or below 1.80 m) may be recommended, as in these cases only one disturbing mode occurs which can be damped by well-tuned absorption.
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Pascal:98-0257573Le document en format XML
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