Sound fields in orchestra pits
Identifieur interne : 000759 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000758; suivant : 000760Sound fields in orchestra pits
Auteurs : Juergen MeyerSource :
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America [ 0001-4966 ] ; 1998-05.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- 4390.
Abstract
The main problem for musicians sitting in opera house orchestra pits is the general loudness of the orchestral sound. The sound field occurring at the musicians' ears is not only affected by direct sound, early reflections, and reverberation, but-particularly for seats under the stage-by standing waves. Whereas direct sound and diffuse reflections appear to come from comparatively large distances, the sound due to standing waves is localized just around the head. Therefore, it is extremely disturbing for the players, impairing the tonal control of their own instruments as well as the ease of ensemble. Disturbing direct sound may be reduced (5-10 dB) by special screens directly behind the musician's head. Standing waves between the floor and cover of the pit are critical if the musicians' ears are in the neighborhood of the antinodes; this does not occur with the lowest mode, but for modes having two or three half-wavelengths, assuming the ears at a height of 1.15 m above the floor. Therefore, a distance between floor and cover of 2.0-2.75 m (or below 1.80 m) may be recommended, as in these cases only one disturbing mode occurs which can be damped by well-tuned absorption.
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Pascal:98-0257573Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Sound fields in orchestra pits</title><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Juergen" sort="Meyer, Juergen" uniqKey="Meyer J" first="Juergen" last="Meyer">Juergen Meyer</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">98-0257573</idno><date when="1998-05">1998-05</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 98-0257573 AIP</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:98-0257573</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000855</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000C15</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000759</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Sound fields in orchestra pits</title><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Juergen" sort="Meyer, Juergen" uniqKey="Meyer J" first="Juergen" last="Meyer">Juergen Meyer</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. Acoust. Soc. Am.</title><idno type="ISSN">0001-4966</idno><imprint><date when="1998-05">1998-05</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. Acoust. Soc. Am.</title><idno type="ISSN">0001-4966</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>4390</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The main problem for musicians sitting in opera house orchestra pits is the general loudness of the orchestral sound. The sound field occurring at the musicians' ears is not only affected by direct sound, early reflections, and reverberation, but-particularly for seats under the stage-by standing waves. Whereas direct sound and diffuse reflections appear to come from comparatively large distances, the sound due to standing waves is localized just around the head. Therefore, it is extremely disturbing for the players, impairing the tonal control of their own instruments as well as the ease of ensemble. Disturbing direct sound may be reduced (5-10 dB) by special screens directly behind the musician's head. Standing waves between the floor and cover of the pit are critical if the musicians' ears are in the neighborhood of the antinodes; this does not occur with the lowest mode, but for modes having two or three half-wavelengths, assuming the ears at a height of 1.15 m above the floor. Therefore, a distance between floor and cover of 2.0-2.75 m (or below 1.80 m) may be recommended, as in these cases only one disturbing mode occurs which can be damped by well-tuned absorption.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0001-4966</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>JASMAN</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. Acoust. Soc. Am.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>103</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>5</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Sound fields in orchestra pits</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>MEYER (Juergen)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>formerly, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany, juergen.meyer@ptb.de</s1><sZ>0 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s2>p. 2785</s2></fA20><fA21><s1>1998-05</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>129</s2></fA43><fA44><s0>8100</s0><s1>© 1998 American Institute of Physics. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>98-0257573</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1><s3>E</s3></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i2="1"><s0>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>The main problem for musicians sitting in opera house orchestra pits is the general loudness of the orchestral sound. The sound field occurring at the musicians' ears is not only affected by direct sound, early reflections, and reverberation, but-particularly for seats under the stage-by standing waves. Whereas direct sound and diffuse reflections appear to come from comparatively large distances, the sound due to standing waves is localized just around the head. Therefore, it is extremely disturbing for the players, impairing the tonal control of their own instruments as well as the ease of ensemble. Disturbing direct sound may be reduced (5-10 dB) by special screens directly behind the musician's head. Standing waves between the floor and cover of the pit are critical if the musicians' ears are in the neighborhood of the antinodes; this does not occur with the lowest mode, but for modes having two or three half-wavelengths, assuming the ears at a height of 1.15 m above the floor. Therefore, a distance between floor and cover of 2.0-2.75 m (or below 1.80 m) may be recommended, as in these cases only one disturbing mode occurs which can be damped by well-tuned absorption.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001B40C</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>4390</s0><s2>PAC</s2><s4>INC</s4></fC03><fN21><s1>166</s1></fN21><fN47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>9808M001424</s0></fN47></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Meyer, Juergen" sort="Meyer, Juergen" uniqKey="Meyer J" first="Juergen" last="Meyer">Juergen Meyer</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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