Genomic ancestry of North Africans supports back-to-Africa migrations.
Identifieur interne : 000010 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000009; suivant : 000011Genomic ancestry of North Africans supports back-to-Africa migrations.
Auteurs : Brenna M. Henn ; Laura R. Botigué ; Simon Gravel ; Wei Wang ; Abra Brisbin ; Jake K. Byrnes ; Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid ; Pierre A. Zalloua ; Andres Moreno-Estrada ; Jaume Bertranpetit ; Carlos D. Bustamante ; David ComasSource :
- PLoS genetics [ 1553-7404 ] ; 2012.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Africa South of the Sahara (ethnology), Africa, Northern, African Continental Ancestry Group (genetics), African Continental Ancestry Group (history), DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics), Egypt, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics), European Continental Ancestry Group (history), Gene Flow (genetics), Gene Pool, Genetic Variation, Genomics, Genotype, Haplotypes, History, Ancient, Humans, Middle East, Morocco, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Population, Population Dynamics.
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Mitochondrial.
- geographic , ethnology : Africa South of the Sahara.
- geographic : Africa, Northern, Egypt, Europe, Middle East, Morocco.
- genetics : African Continental Ancestry Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Gene Flow.
- history : African Continental Ancestry Group, European Continental Ancestry Group.
- Emigration and Immigration, Gene Pool, Genetic Variation, Genomics, Genotype, Haplotypes, History, Ancient, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Population, Population Dynamics.
Abstract
North African populations are distinct from sub-Saharan Africans based on cultural, linguistic, and phenotypic attributes; however, the time and the extent of genetic divergence between populations north and south of the Sahara remain poorly understood. Here, we interrogate the multilayered history of North Africa by characterizing the effect of hypothesized migrations from the Near East, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa on current genetic diversity. We present dense, genome-wide SNP genotyping array data (730,000 sites) from seven North African populations, spanning from Egypt to Morocco, and one Spanish population. We identify a gradient of likely autochthonous Maghrebi ancestry that increases from east to west across northern Africa; this ancestry is likely derived from "back-to-Africa" gene flow more than 12,000 years ago (ya), prior to the Holocene. The indigenous North African ancestry is more frequent in populations with historical Berber ethnicity. In most North African populations we also see substantial shared ancestry with the Near East, and to a lesser extent sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. To estimate the time of migration from sub-Saharan populations into North Africa, we implement a maximum likelihood dating method based on the distribution of migrant tracts. In order to first identify migrant tracts, we assign local ancestry to haplotypes using a novel, principal component-based analysis of three ancestral populations. We estimate that a migration of western African origin into Morocco began about 40 generations ago (approximately 1,200 ya); a migration of individuals with Nilotic ancestry into Egypt occurred about 25 generations ago (approximately 750 ya). Our genomic data reveal an extraordinarily complex history of migrations, involving at least five ancestral populations, into North Africa.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002397
PubMed: 22253600
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:22253600Le document en format XML
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Botigué</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gravel, Simon" sort="Gravel, Simon" uniqKey="Gravel S" first="Simon" last="Gravel">Simon Gravel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Wei" sort="Wang, Wei" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wei" last="Wang">Wei Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brisbin, Abra" sort="Brisbin, Abra" uniqKey="Brisbin A" first="Abra" last="Brisbin">Abra Brisbin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Byrnes, Jake K" sort="Byrnes, Jake K" uniqKey="Byrnes J" first="Jake K" last="Byrnes">Jake K. Byrnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fadhlaoui Zid, Karima" sort="Fadhlaoui Zid, Karima" uniqKey="Fadhlaoui Zid K" first="Karima" last="Fadhlaoui-Zid">Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zalloua, Pierre A" sort="Zalloua, Pierre A" uniqKey="Zalloua P" first="Pierre A" last="Zalloua">Pierre A. 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Byrnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fadhlaoui Zid, Karima" sort="Fadhlaoui Zid, Karima" uniqKey="Fadhlaoui Zid K" first="Karima" last="Fadhlaoui-Zid">Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zalloua, Pierre A" sort="Zalloua, Pierre A" uniqKey="Zalloua P" first="Pierre A" last="Zalloua">Pierre A. Zalloua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno Estrada, Andres" sort="Moreno Estrada, Andres" uniqKey="Moreno Estrada A" first="Andres" last="Moreno-Estrada">Andres Moreno-Estrada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bertranpetit, Jaume" sort="Bertranpetit, Jaume" uniqKey="Bertranpetit J" first="Jaume" last="Bertranpetit">Jaume Bertranpetit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bustamante, Carlos D" sort="Bustamante, Carlos D" uniqKey="Bustamante C" first="Carlos D" last="Bustamante">Carlos D. Bustamante</name></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, David" sort="Comas, David" uniqKey="Comas D" first="David" last="Comas">David Comas</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS genetics</title><idno type="eISSN">1553-7404</idno><imprint><date when="2012" type="published">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara (ethnology)</term><term>Africa, Northern</term><term>African Continental Ancestry Group (genetics)</term><term>African Continental Ancestry Group (history)</term><term>DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics)</term><term>Egypt</term><term>Emigration and Immigration</term><term>Europe</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics)</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (history)</term><term>Gene Flow (genetics)</term><term>Gene Pool</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Genomics</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Middle East</term><term>Morocco</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Population</term><term>Population Dynamics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa, Northern</term><term>Egypt</term><term>Europe</term><term>Middle East</term><term>Morocco</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>African Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Gene Flow</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>African Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Emigration and Immigration</term><term>Gene Pool</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Genomics</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Population</term><term>Population Dynamics</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">North African populations are distinct from sub-Saharan Africans based on cultural, linguistic, and phenotypic attributes; however, the time and the extent of genetic divergence between populations north and south of the Sahara remain poorly understood. Here, we interrogate the multilayered history of North Africa by characterizing the effect of hypothesized migrations from the Near East, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa on current genetic diversity. We present dense, genome-wide SNP genotyping array data (730,000 sites) from seven North African populations, spanning from Egypt to Morocco, and one Spanish population. We identify a gradient of likely autochthonous Maghrebi ancestry that increases from east to west across northern Africa; this ancestry is likely derived from "back-to-Africa" gene flow more than 12,000 years ago (ya), prior to the Holocene. The indigenous North African ancestry is more frequent in populations with historical Berber ethnicity. In most North African populations we also see substantial shared ancestry with the Near East, and to a lesser extent sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. To estimate the time of migration from sub-Saharan populations into North Africa, we implement a maximum likelihood dating method based on the distribution of migrant tracts. In order to first identify migrant tracts, we assign local ancestry to haplotypes using a novel, principal component-based analysis of three ancestral populations. We estimate that a migration of western African origin into Morocco began about 40 generations ago (approximately 1,200 ya); a migration of individuals with Nilotic ancestry into Egypt occurred about 25 generations ago (approximately 750 ya). Our genomic data reveal an extraordinarily complex history of migrations, involving at least five ancestral populations, into North Africa.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">22253600</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2012</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2012</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>25</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1553-7404</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>8</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2012</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PLoS genetics</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Genet.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Genomic ancestry of North Africans supports back-to-Africa migrations.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e1002397</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pgen.1002397</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>North African populations are distinct from sub-Saharan Africans based on cultural, linguistic, and phenotypic attributes; however, the time and the extent of genetic divergence between populations north and south of the Sahara remain poorly understood. Here, we interrogate the multilayered history of North Africa by characterizing the effect of hypothesized migrations from the Near East, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa on current genetic diversity. We present dense, genome-wide SNP genotyping array data (730,000 sites) from seven North African populations, spanning from Egypt to Morocco, and one Spanish population. We identify a gradient of likely autochthonous Maghrebi ancestry that increases from east to west across northern Africa; this ancestry is likely derived from "back-to-Africa" gene flow more than 12,000 years ago (ya), prior to the Holocene. The indigenous North African ancestry is more frequent in populations with historical Berber ethnicity. In most North African populations we also see substantial shared ancestry with the Near East, and to a lesser extent sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. To estimate the time of migration from sub-Saharan populations into North Africa, we implement a maximum likelihood dating method based on the distribution of migrant tracts. In order to first identify migrant tracts, we assign local ancestry to haplotypes using a novel, principal component-based analysis of three ancestral populations. We estimate that a migration of western African origin into Morocco began about 40 generations ago (approximately 1,200 ya); a migration of individuals with Nilotic ancestry into Egypt occurred about 25 generations ago (approximately 750 ya). Our genomic data reveal an extraordinarily complex history of migrations, involving at least five ancestral populations, into North Africa.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Henn</LastName><ForeName>Brenna M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Botigué</LastName><ForeName>Laura R</ForeName><Initials>LR</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gravel</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brisbin</LastName><ForeName>Abra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Byrnes</LastName><ForeName>Jake K</ForeName><Initials>JK</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fadhlaoui-Zid</LastName><ForeName>Karima</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zalloua</LastName><ForeName>Pierre A</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moreno-Estrada</LastName><ForeName>Andres</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bertranpetit</LastName><ForeName>Jaume</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bustamante</LastName><ForeName>Carlos D</ForeName><Initials>CD</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Comas</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 GM083606</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 HG003229</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>3R01HG003229</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01GM083606</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016456">Historical Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2012</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>12</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS Genet</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101239074</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1553-7390</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance 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