Polish intellectuals and the origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional alliance
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Polish intellectuals and the origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional alliance</title><author><name sortKey="Karabel, Jerome" uniqKey="Karabel J">Jerome Karabel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation></mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="syntax">???</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>I would like to thank the University of California at Berkeley's Institute of Industrial Relations and Institute of International Studies, as well as the University of California's Center for German and European Studies, for their generous support of my ongoing research project on “Intellectuals in Eastern Europe and the Breakdown of Communism.” Special thanks are due to my research assistants: Jeff Manza, Tomasz Grabowski, Elizabeth Gessel, Steven Stoltenberg and John Torpey.</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Steven Stoltenberg and John Torpey.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:0F4CC0DAE7DAA239C13F0965DEB25F736F288976</idno><date when="1993">1993</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0967-067X(93)90018-M</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/0F4CC0DAE7DAA239C13F0965DEB25F736F288976/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">003931</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">003931</idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0967-067X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><pii><json:string>0967-067X(93)90018-M</json:string></pii><copyrightdate>1993</copyrightdate><author><json:item><name>Jerome Karabel</name><affiliations><json:null></json:null><json:string>I would like to thank the University of California at Berkeley's Institute of Industrial Relations and Institute of International Studies, as well as the University of California's Center for German and European Studies, for their generous support of my ongoing research project on “Intellectuals in Eastern Europe and the Breakdown of Communism.” Special thanks are due to my research assistants: Jeff Manza, Tomasz Grabowski, Elizabeth Gessel, Steven Stoltenberg and John Torpey.</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><genre></genre><serie><genre></genre><language></language><title>Lenin's most famous formulation on the nature of the relationship between the working class and the intelligentsia is, of course, from</title></serie><host><pii><json:string>S0967-067X(00)X0031-1</json:string></pii><issn><json:string>0967-067X</json:string></issn><genre></genre><language></language><title>Communist and Post-Communist Studies</title><pubdate>199303</pubdate></host><language></language><title>Polish intellectuals and the origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional 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origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional alliance</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date>1993</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="">Polish intellectuals and the origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional alliance</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Jerome</forename><surname>Karabel</surname></persName><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation>I would like to thank the University of California at Berkeley's Institute of Industrial Relations and Institute of International Studies, as well as the University of California's Center for German and European Studies, for their generous support of my ongoing research project on “Intellectuals in Eastern Europe and the Breakdown of Communism.” Special thanks are due to my research assistants: Jeff Manza, Tomasz Grabowski, Elizabeth Gessel, Steven Stoltenberg and John Torpey.</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Communist and Post-Communist Studies</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">JSSC</title><idno type="pISSN">0967-067X</idno><idno type="PII">S0967-067X(00)X0031-1</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1993"></date><biblScope unit="vol">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="25">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="46">46</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">0F4CC0DAE7DAA239C13F0965DEB25F736F288976</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0967-067X(93)90018-M</idno><idno type="PII">0967-067X(93)90018-M</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1993</date></creation><langUsage><language ident=""></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1993">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier converted-article found"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>JSSC</jid><aid>9390018M</aid><ce:pii>0967-067X(93)90018-M</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0967-067X(93)90018-M</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1993"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Polish intellectuals and the origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional alliance</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Jerome</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Karabel</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:footnote id="FN1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:note-para>I would like to thank the University of California at Berkeley's Institute of Industrial Relations and Institute of International Studies, as well as the University of California's Center for German and European Studies, for their generous support of my ongoing research project on “Intellectuals in Eastern Europe and the Breakdown of Communism.” Special thanks are due to my research assistants: Jeff Manza, Tomasz Grabowski, Elizabeth Gessel, Steven Stoltenberg and John Torpey.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.5"><titleInfo><title>Polish intellectuals and the origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional alliance</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative"><title>Polish intellectuals and the origins of solidarity: The making of an oppositional alliance</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jerome</namePart><namePart type="family">Karabel</namePart><affiliation></affiliation><affiliation>I would like to thank the University of California at Berkeley's Institute of Industrial Relations and Institute of International Studies, as well as the University of California's Center for German and European Studies, for their generous support of my ongoing research project on “Intellectuals in Eastern Europe and the Breakdown of Communism.” Special thanks are due to my research assistants: Jeff Manza, Tomasz Grabowski, Elizabeth Gessel, Steven Stoltenberg and John Torpey.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1993</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1993</copyrightDate></originInfo><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Communist and Post-Communist Studies</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>JSSC</title></titleInfo><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">199303</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0967-067X</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0967-067X(00)X0031-1</identifier><part><date>1993</date><detail type="volume"><number>26</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>3</start><end>120</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB1"><titleInfo><title>Poland After Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><note>The description of such writers as Laba and Goodwyn, who emphasize the working-class origins of Solidarity and downplay the contribution of intellectuals, as “revisionist” is borrowed from a penetrating essay review by</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The New York Review of Books</title></titleInfo><part><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 38</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 11</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>46</start><end>58</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB2"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB2"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB3"><titleInfo><title>What Is To Be Done?</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V.I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lenin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="series"><titleInfo><title>Lenin's most famous formulation on the nature of the relationship between the working class and the intelligentsia is, of course, from</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Progress Publishers</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Moscow</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>34</start><end>35</end></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB4"><titleInfo><title>Public Opinion and Political Change in Poland, 1980–1982</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mason</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Cambridge</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>50</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB5"><titleInfo><title>Solidarity and the Politics of Anti-Politics: Opposition and Reform in Poland in 1968</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="family">Ost</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Temple University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Philadelphia</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1990</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>10</start><end>11</end></extent></part><part><date>1990</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB6"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Quoted in</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>6</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>The Polish Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance><publisher>Scribner's</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><note>Other interpretations of Solidarity's origins which emphasize the importance of KOR include</note><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>Solidarity: The Analysis of a Social Movement</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alain</namePart><namePart type="family">Touraine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name><etal>et al.</etal></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Scheron</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>The Intelligentsia</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Leszek</namePart><namePart type="family">Kolakowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Poland: The Genesis of a Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Abraham</namePart><namePart type="family">Brumberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>54</start><end>67</end></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>Berkeley</note><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>Contestation Intellectuelle et Mouvement Populaire</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Aleksander</namePart><namePart type="family">Smolar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Solidarité Resisté et Signe</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1984</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>135</start><end>151</end></extent></part><part><date>1984</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>Pologne: Défi à l'Impossible</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Krzysztof</namePart><namePart type="family">Pomian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>Paris</note><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>Class Struggle in Socialist Poland: With Comparisons to Yugoslavia</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Albert</namePart><namePart type="family">Szymanski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1984</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>The Workers' Defense Committee ‘KOR’: A Study in Political Dissent in Contemporary Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart><namePart type="family">Zuzowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="series"><titleInfo><title>Ph.D dissertation</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB7"><titleInfo><title>Workers II: Oppositional Politics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bernhard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositionell Politics</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part></part></relatedItem><part><date>1976–1980</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB8"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>181</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB8"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Princeton</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>11</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB9"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><note>In the concluding pages of his book</note><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB10"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>444</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB11"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>216</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB12"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>200</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB13"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>246</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anna</namePart><namePart type="family">Walentynowicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bogdan</namePart><namePart type="family">Borusewicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alina</namePart><namePart type="family">Picnkowska</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bronislaw</namePart><namePart type="family">Geremek</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tadeusz</namePart><namePart type="family">Kowalik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jadwiga</namePart><namePart type="family">Staniszkis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jacek</namePart><namePart type="family">Kuron</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan</namePart><namePart type="family">Litynski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Left Bank Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Seattle</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations, 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>but the volumes by</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Independent Social Movements in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Raina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>London</note><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>The Strikes in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">William F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Robinson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>are also extremely useful</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1980</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>The Polish Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timoty Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>Vancouver</note><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>The Promise of Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Yves</namePart><namePart type="family">Potel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Solidarity and the Politics of Anti-Politics: Opposition and Reform in Poland in 1968</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="family">Ost</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>In addition to Goodwyn and Laba's revisionist accounts and the items cited in Note 3, other valuable works include</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1990</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>10</start><end>11</end></extent></part><part><date>1990</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Professionals, Power and Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kennedy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Poland 1980: From ‘Premature Consumerism’ To Labour Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alex</namePart><namePart type="family">Pravda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Soviet Studies</title></titleInfo><part><date>1982</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 34</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 2</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>167</start><end>199</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>The Road to Gdansk</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daniel</namePart><namePart type="family">Singer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Solidarity: Poland in the Season of its Passion</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Wechsler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Civil Society vs. the State: Poland 1980–1981</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrew</namePart><namePart type="family">Arato</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Telos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 47</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>23</start><end>47</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Poland: The Genesis of a Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Abraham</namePart><namePart type="family">Brumberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Poland: The Winter War</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Martin</namePart><namePart type="family">Malia</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York Review of Books</title></titleInfo><part><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 29</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 4</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>21</start><end>26</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB14"><titleInfo><title>Poland's Self-Limiting Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jadwiga</namePart><namePart type="family">Staniszkis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><part><date>1984</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB15"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>246</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB15"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>251</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB15"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Princeton</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>172</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB16"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>5</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB17"><titleInfo><title>Poland After Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><note>In assessing the work of Laba and Goodwyn, I have also found the reviews by</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The New York Review of Books</title></titleInfo><part><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 38</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 11</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>48</start><end>51</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB17"><titleInfo><title>Reinter-preting Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bernhard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Studies in Comparative Communism</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. XXIV</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>313</start><end>330</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB17"><titleInfo><title>Workers vs. Intellectuals in Solidarnosc</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrzej W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tymowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><note>to be especially useful</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Telos</title></titleInfo><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 90</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>157</start><end>174</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB18"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB19"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>For a description of the situation facing Gdansk's worker activists from the spring of 1971 until 1976, see</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>127</start><end>131</end></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB19"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>83</start><end>86</end></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB19"><titleInfo><title>Notes on Biography</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Edmund</namePart><namePart type="family">Szczesiak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Book of Lech Walesa</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>30</start><end>36</end></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB20"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>University of California Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berkeley</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>62</start><end>78</end></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB21"><titleInfo><title>Social Text</title></titleInfo><note>Spring</note><part><date>1982</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start><end>21</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB22"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>University of California Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berkeley</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>57</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB22"><titleInfo><title>The Promise of Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Yves</namePart><namePart type="family">Potel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>220</start></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB22"><titleInfo><title>The Workers' Defense Committee ‘KOR’: A Study in Political Dissent in Contemporary Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart><namePart type="family">Zuzowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="series"><titleInfo><title>Ph.D dissertation</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>192</start></extent></part><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB23"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Writing from his perspective as a founding member of KOR, Lipski notes that ROPCiO was an organization that “willingly proclaimed its Catholicism” and included a strong nationalist element</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>University of California Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berkeley</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>121</start><end>122</end></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB23"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Berkeley</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>123</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB23"><titleInfo><title>Independent Social Movements in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Raina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>London</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>410</start><end>412</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB23"><titleInfo><title>Independent Social Movements in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Raina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>London</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>422</start><end>423</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB23"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Berkeley</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>123</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB23"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Berkeley</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>356</start><end>357</end></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB23"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>517</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB24"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>University of California Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berkeley</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>15</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB24"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Berkeley</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>57</start><end>58</end></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB24"><titleInfo><title>Independent Social Movements in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Raina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>London</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>55</start></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB24"><titleInfo><title>Independent Social Movements in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Raina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>London</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>311</start></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB25"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>138</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB25"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Berkeley</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>245</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB26"><titleInfo><title>Reinterpreting Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bernhard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><note></note><note>p. 66</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Studies in Comparative Communism</title></titleInfo><part><date>1991</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vo. XXIV</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>65</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB27"><note type="reference">Interview with Alina Pienkowska, May 14, 1990, in Gdansk.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB28"><note type="reference">This conclusion is based on interviews with Alina Pienkowska (May 14, 1990), Bogdan Borusewicz (May 14, 1990, in Gdansk), Anna Walentynowicz (May 16, 1990, in Warsaw), Jacek Kuron (May 23, 1991, in Warsaw), and Jan Litynski (May 22, 1991, in Warsaw).</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB29"><note type="reference">Interview with Alina Pienkowska (May 14, 1990).</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB30"><titleInfo><title>Poland After Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The New York Review of Books</title></titleInfo><part><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 38</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 11</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>50</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB30"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>150</start><end>151</end></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB31"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>141</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB31"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>244</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB32"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>University of California Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berkeley</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>241</start><end>242</end></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB33"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations, 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>St. Martin's Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>32</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB33"><titleInfo><title>The New York Review of Books</title></titleInfo><part><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 38</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>50</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB34"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The dimensions of the Gdansk opposition have been estimated by Andrzej Gwiazda, who judged the number of “sympathizers” at the annual commemorative events to have been “around a hundred” in 1977, “six hundred” in 1978, and “several thousand” in 1979</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>109</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB36"><note type="reference">Interviews with Jacek Kuron (May 23, 1991) and Jan Litynski (May 22, 1991).</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB37"><titleInfo><title>The Polish Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Other interpretations of Solidarity's origins which emphasize the importance of KOR include</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Scribner's</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>38</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB38"><note type="reference">Interview with Anna Walentynowicz, May 16, 1990.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB39"><note type="reference">Interview with Jacek Kuron, May 23, 1991.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB40"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>New-Star Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Vancouver</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>6</start></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB41"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Viking Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>145</start><end>146</end></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB42"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>New-Star Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Vancouver</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>6</start></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB42"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jerzy</namePart><namePart type="family">Borowczak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Solidarity Sourcebook</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Henry</namePart><namePart type="family">Flam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>74</start></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB43"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jerzy</namePart><namePart type="family">Borowczak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Solidarity Sourcebook</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Henry</namePart><namePart type="family">Flam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>New Star Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Vancouver</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>74</start></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB44"><note type="reference">MacShane, op. cit., note 14, p. 16.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB46"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>116</start><end>117</end></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB47"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>116</start><end>117</end></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB47"><titleInfo><title>The Polish Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>38</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB48"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jerzy</namePart><namePart type="family">Borowczak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Solidarity Sourcebook</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Henry</namePart><namePart type="family">Flam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>New Star Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Vancouver</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>73</start></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB49"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>118</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB50"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>40</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB50"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>118</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB50"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>158</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB51"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>14</start><end>39</end></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB52"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Among the most detailed accounts of the strike's early days are the versions contained in</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>117</start><end>125</end></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB52"><titleInfo><title>The Promise of Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Yves</namePart><namePart type="family">Potel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>42</start><end>51</end></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB52"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem 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type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>158</start><end>166</end></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB52"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>An illuminating calendar of the strike was drawn up by members of the editorial board of Robotnik and is included in</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date><extent unit="pages"><start>90</start><end>95</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB52"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anna</namePart><namePart type="family">Walentynowicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bogdan</namePart><namePart type="family">Borusewicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alina</namePart><namePart type="family">Picnkowska</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bronislaw</namePart><namePart type="family">Geremek</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tadeusz</namePart><namePart type="family">Kowalik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jadwiga</namePart><namePart type="family">Staniszkis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jacek</namePart><namePart type="family">Kuron</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan</namePart><namePart type="family">Litynski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The best collections of primary documents in English are those by</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>90</start><end>95</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB52"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anna</namePart><namePart type="family">Walentynowicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bogdan</namePart><namePart type="family">Borusewicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alina</namePart><namePart type="family">Picnkowska</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bronislaw</namePart><namePart type="family">Geremek</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tadeusz</namePart><namePart type="family">Kowalik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jadwiga</namePart><namePart type="family">Staniszkis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jacek</namePart><namePart type="family">Kuron</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan</namePart><namePart type="family">Litynski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The best collections of primary documents in English are those by</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>97</start><end>99</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB53"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>University of California Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berkeley</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>420</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB53"><titleInfo><title>The Polish Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>42</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB54"><note type="reference">Interview with Bogdan Borusewicz, May 14, 1990.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB55"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations, 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>St. Martin's Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>201</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB55"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>133</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB55"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations, 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>202</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB56"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations, 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Vancouver</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>St. Martin's Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>168</start><end>179</end></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB56"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Seattle</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date><extent unit="pages"><start>102</start><end>109</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB56"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jerzy</namePart><namePart type="family">Borowczak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Solidarity Sourcebook</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Henry</namePart><namePart type="family">Flam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>93</start><end>100</end></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB57"><titleInfo><title>The Workers' Defense Committee ‘KOR’: A Study in Political Dissent in Contemporary Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart><namePart type="family">Zuzowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><note></note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ph.D dissertation</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>La Trobe University</publisher></originInfo><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>322</start></extent></part><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB58"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations, 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>St. Martin's Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date><extent unit="pages"><start>166</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB59"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Quoted in</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>University of California Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berkeley</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>495</start><end>496</end></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB60"><note type="reference">MacShane, op. cit., note 14, p. 134.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB61"><note type="reference">Adam Michnik quoted in Ost, op. cit., note 5, p. 77.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB62"><titleInfo><title>The Workers' Defense Committee ‘KOR’: A Study in Political Dissent in Contemporary Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart><namePart type="family">Zuzowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ph.D dissertation</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>La Trobe University</publisher></originInfo><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>329</start></extent></part><part><date>1988</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB63"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The demands listed in</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Left Bank Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Seattle</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date><extent unit="pages"><start>34</start><end>35</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB64"><titleInfo><title>The Polish Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Other interpretations of Solidarity's origins which emphasize the importance of KOR include</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Scribner's</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>44</start></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB64"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>130</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB65"><note type="reference">Interview with Bogdan Borusewicz, May 14, 1990.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB66"><titleInfo><title>The Promise of Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Yves</namePart><namePart type="family">Potel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Praeger</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>52</start></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB66"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>130</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB68"><titleInfo><title>Independent Social Movements in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Raina</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>London School of Economics</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">London</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>478</start><end>479</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB69"><note type="reference">Interview with Bronislaw Geremek, May 12, 1990 in Warsaw.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB70"><titleInfo><title>At the Lenin Shipyard</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stan</namePart><namePart type="family">Persky</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance><publisher>New-Star Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Vancouver</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB71"><note type="reference">Interview with Bronislaw Geremek, May 12, 1990.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB72"><titleInfo><title>Experts and the Working Group. The Formation of the Group of Experts</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tadeusz</namePart><namePart type="family">Kowalik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations, 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>St. Martin's Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>143</start><end>167</end></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB72"><titleInfo><title>The Evolution of Forms of Working-Class Protest in Poland: Sociological Reflections on the Gdansk-Szczecin Case, August 1980</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jadwiga</namePart><namePart type="family">Staniszkis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Soviet Studies</title></titleInfo><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>33</number></detail></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>204</start><end>231</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB72"><titleInfo><title>Labour Focus on Eastern Europe</title></titleInfo><note>She resigned from the Commission in a disagreement with the other Experts on matters of both process and substance. Among the numerous secondary sources that discuss the Experts, some of the more detailed treatments are included in</note><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 4</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 4–6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>12</start><end>13</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB72"><titleInfo><title>Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lawrence</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodwyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB72"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB72"><titleInfo><title>The Polish Revolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy Garton</namePart><namePart type="family">Ash</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB72"><titleInfo><title>The Promise of Solidarity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Yves</namePart><namePart type="family">Potel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><note>New York</note><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB73"><note type="reference">Kowalik, op. cit., note 72, p. 145.</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB74"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>178</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB75"><titleInfo><title>The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roman</namePart><namePart type="family">Laba</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Princeton</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>60</start></extent></part><part><date>1991</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB76"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Viking Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>100</start><end>103</end></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB78"><note type="reference">Michael H. Bernhard, “Workers II: Oppositional Politics,” in The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositional Politics, 1976–1980. (New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming). Michael H. Bernhard, “Workers II: Oppositional Politics,” in The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositionell Politics. 1976–1980. (New York: Columbia University Press, p. 59).</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB79"><titleInfo><title>Labour Focus on Eastern Europe</title></titleInfo><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 4</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 4–6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB80"><titleInfo><title>Labour Focus on Eastern Europe</title></titleInfo><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 4</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 4–6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>17</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB81"><titleInfo><title>Labour Focus on Eastern Europe</title></titleInfo><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 4</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 4–6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>20</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB82"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Viking Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>168</start><end>169</end></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB83"><note type="reference">Michael H. Bernhard, “Workers II: Oppositional Politics,” in The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositionell Politics. 1976–1980. (New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 60–61).</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB84"><titleInfo><title>Labour Focus on Eastern Europe</title></titleInfo><note>and early in the strike accepted the assistance of a group of radical local lawyers associated as the “Club of Szczecin Bibliophiles”</note><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 4</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>No. 4–6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB84"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Viking Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>170</start></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB84"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrzej</namePart><namePart type="family">Kijowski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New York</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>170</start></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB84"><titleInfo><title>Workers II: Oppositional Politics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bernhard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositionell Politics</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>61</start></extent></part><part><date>1976–1980</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB84"><titleInfo><title>KOR: The Worker's Self-Defense Committee</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Lipski</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Berkeley</title></titleInfo><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>422</start></extent></part><part><date>1985</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB85"><titleInfo><title>Experts and the ‘Leading Role’</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jadwiga</namePart><namePart type="family">Staniszkis</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><note>Staniszkis' perception that the Gdansk strikers would have been able to reach an agreement without a clause on the “leading role of the Party,” had the Commission of Experts not been involved with the negotiations, is shared by Anna Walentynowicz and Bogdan Borusewicz (Interview with Anna Walentynowicz, May 16, 1990; Interview with Bogdan Borusewicz, May 14, 1990). See also</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Soviet Studies 33</title></titleInfo><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>12</start><end>13</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB85"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Neal</namePart><namePart type="family">Ascherson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Viking Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>168</start><end>172</end></extent></part><part><date>1982</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB86"><titleInfo><title>Experts and the Working Group. The Formation of the Group of Experts</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tadeusz</namePart><namePart type="family">Kowalik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Birth of Solidarity: The Gdansk Negotiations</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kemp-Welch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>St. Martin's Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>160</start><end>164</end></extent></part><part><date>1983</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB87"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Left Bank Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Seattle</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date><extent unit="pages"><start>103</start></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB87"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Seattle</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date><extent unit="pages"><start>113</start></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB88"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Left Bank Books</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Seattle</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1981</date><extent unit="pages"><start>103</start><end>104</end></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB88"><titleInfo><title>The Polish August</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oliver</namePart><namePart type="family">MacDonald</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Seattle</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><genre>Book</genre><part><date>1981</date><extent unit="pages"><start>113</start></extent></part><part><date>1981</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB89"><note type="reference">Michael H. Bernhard, “Workers II: Oppositional Politics,” in The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositionell Politics. 1976–1980. (New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 60–61).</note></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB90"><titleInfo><title>A Way of Hope</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lech</namePart><namePart type="family">Walesa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><relatedItem type="host"><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Holt</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>149</start></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB91"><titleInfo><title>Labour Focus on Eastern Europe</title></titleInfo><note>No. 4–6</note><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>13</start><end>15</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB92"><titleInfo><title>Labour Focus on Eastern Europe</title></titleInfo><note>No. 4–6</note><part><date>1981</date><detail type="volume"><number>Vol. 4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>14</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">0F4CC0DAE7DAA239C13F0965DEB25F736F288976</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0967-067X(93)90018-M</identifier><identifier type="PII">0967-067X(93)90018-M</identifier><part><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>46</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>ELSEVIER</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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