The development of the literary field and the limitations of ‘minor’ languages: The case of the Northern Netherlands 1750–1850
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Evaluations of the culture of the 18th-century Dutch Republic vary considerably. The emerging picture is that of a nation mysteriously but rapidly declining from ‘le magasin de l'univers’ or ‘the most enlightened nation of Europe’, to ‘a backward region where stagnation and sleepiness reigned’. This article questions ideas about an inevitable ‘rise and fall of nations’. It focuses on the limitations to the expansion of cultural infrastructure imposed by the restrictions of a minor linguistic community. Drawing on both quantitative data (e.g., on the circulation numbers of periodicals and the magnitude of the cultural public) and qualitative data on contemporary debates about ways to restore former greatness, it is argued that cultural expansion depends on ‘thresholds’. Opportunities to create and maintain cultural infrastructure not only depend on the relative number of participants within a given population, but also on the absolute number. Attention is directed to the fact that Latin continued to be used in Dutch universities until well after the middle of the 19th century. Furthermore, both a fierce resistance to Romantic philosophy and literature during the first decades of the 19th century and an increasing anti-Catholicism are interpreted as ways of adapting to a newly discovered ‘smallness’, giving rise to a national-cultural ideology that took ‘noble simplicity and silent grandeur’ as its central values. This ideology affected contemporary conceptions of literature in Holland, promoting ‘simplicity’ as the quintessense of every literary endeavor. The analysis suggests that comparative research of the cultural development of smaller linguistic communities might help to clarify the underlying factors and successive stages of the cultural modernization process that has already been extensively documented for the ‘greater’ European nations like France, England, and Germany.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0304-422X(00)00032-2
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The emerging picture is that of a nation mysteriously but rapidly declining from ‘le magasin de l'univers’ or ‘the most enlightened nation of Europe’, to ‘a backward region where stagnation and sleepiness reigned’. This article questions ideas about an inevitable ‘rise and fall of nations’. It focuses on the limitations to the expansion of cultural infrastructure imposed by the restrictions of a minor linguistic community. Drawing on both quantitative data (e.g., on the circulation numbers of periodicals and the magnitude of the cultural public) and qualitative data on contemporary debates about ways to restore former greatness, it is argued that cultural expansion depends on ‘thresholds’. Opportunities to create and maintain cultural infrastructure not only depend on the relative number of participants within a given population, but also on the absolute number. Attention is directed to the fact that Latin continued to be used in Dutch universities until well after the middle of the 19th century. Furthermore, both a fierce resistance to Romantic philosophy and literature during the first decades of the 19th century and an increasing anti-Catholicism are interpreted as ways of adapting to a newly discovered ‘smallness’, giving rise to a national-cultural ideology that took ‘noble simplicity and silent grandeur’ as its central values. This ideology affected contemporary conceptions of literature in Holland, promoting ‘simplicity’ as the quintessense of every literary endeavor. The analysis suggests that comparative research of the cultural development of smaller linguistic communities might help to clarify the underlying factors and successive stages of the cultural modernization process that has already been extensively documented for the ‘greater’ European nations like France, England, and Germany. </div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><copyrightdate>2001</copyrightdate><author><json:item><name>Gert-Jan Johannes</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Literature, Universiteit Utrecht, Kromme Nieuwegracht 66, 3512 HL Utrecht, The Netherlands</json:string><json:string>Phone: +31 20 6718548;</json:string><json:string>E-mail: emagjjohannes@compuserve.com</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language></language><abstract>Evaluations of the culture of the 18th-century Dutch Republic vary considerably. The emerging picture is that of a nation mysteriously but rapidly declining from ‘le magasin de l'univers’ or ‘the most enlightened nation of Europe’, to ‘a backward region where stagnation and sleepiness reigned’. This article questions ideas about an inevitable ‘rise and fall of nations’. It focuses on the limitations to the expansion of cultural infrastructure imposed by the restrictions of a minor linguistic community. Drawing on both quantitative data (e.g., on the circulation numbers of periodicals and the magnitude of the cultural public) and qualitative data on contemporary debates about ways to restore former greatness, it is argued that cultural expansion depends on ‘thresholds’. Opportunities to create and maintain cultural infrastructure not only depend on the relative number of participants within a given population, but also on the absolute number. Attention is directed to the fact that Latin continued to be used in Dutch universities until well after the middle of the 19th century. Furthermore, both a fierce resistance to Romantic philosophy and literature during the first decades of the 19th century and an increasing anti-Catholicism are interpreted as ways of adapting to a newly discovered ‘smallness’, giving rise to a national-cultural ideology that took ‘noble simplicity and silent grandeur’ as its central values. This ideology affected contemporary conceptions of literature in Holland, promoting ‘simplicity’ as the quintessense of every literary endeavor. The analysis suggests that comparative research of the cultural development of smaller linguistic communities might help to clarify the underlying factors and successive stages of the cultural modernization process that has already been extensively documented for the ‘greater’ European nations like France, England, and Germany.</abstract><title>The development of the literary field and the limitations of ‘minor’ languages: The case of the Northern Netherlands 1750–1850</title><pii><json:string>S0304-422X(00)00032-2</json:string></pii><genre></genre><serie><genre><json:string>Book</json:string></genre><editor><json:item><name>E. 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The emerging picture is that of a nation mysteriously but rapidly declining from ‘le magasin de l'univers’ or ‘the most enlightened nation of Europe’, to ‘a backward region where stagnation and sleepiness reigned’. This article questions ideas about an inevitable ‘rise and fall of nations’. It focuses on the limitations to the expansion of cultural infrastructure imposed by the restrictions of a minor linguistic community. Drawing on both quantitative data (e.g., on the circulation numbers of periodicals and the magnitude of the cultural public) and qualitative data on contemporary debates about ways to restore former greatness, it is argued that cultural expansion depends on ‘thresholds’. Opportunities to create and maintain cultural infrastructure not only depend on the relative number of participants within a given population, but also on the absolute number. Attention is directed to the fact that Latin continued to be used in Dutch universities until well after the middle of the 19th century. Furthermore, both a fierce resistance to Romantic philosophy and literature during the first decades of the 19th century and an increasing anti-Catholicism are interpreted as ways of adapting to a newly discovered ‘smallness’, giving rise to a national-cultural ideology that took ‘noble simplicity and silent grandeur’ as its central values. This ideology affected contemporary conceptions of literature in Holland, promoting ‘simplicity’ as the quintessense of every literary endeavor. The analysis suggests that comparative research of the cultural development of smaller linguistic communities might help to clarify the underlying factors and successive stages of the cultural modernization process that has already been extensively documented for the ‘greater’ European nations like France, England, and Germany.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier converted-article found"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>POETIC</jid><aid>00000322</aid><ce:pii>S0304-422X(00)00032-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0304-422X(00)00032-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="2001"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:article-footnote><ce:label>☆</ce:label><ce:note-para>The author wishes to thank Kees van Rees and Gillis Dorleijn for encouragement and comments, and Renée Vink for translating the text.</ce:note-para></ce:article-footnote><ce:title>The development of the literary field and the limitations of ‘minor’ languages: The case of the Northern Netherlands 1750–1850</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Gert-Jan</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Johannes</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>emagjjohannes@compuserve.com</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Department of Literature, Universiteit Utrecht, Kromme Nieuwegracht 66, 3512 HL Utrecht, The Netherlands</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:footnote id="FN1"><ce:label>1</ce:label><ce:note-para>Phone: +31 20 6718548;</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Evaluations of the culture of the 18th-century Dutch Republic vary considerably. The emerging picture is that of a nation mysteriously but rapidly declining from ‘<ce:italic>le magasin de l'univers</ce:italic>’ or ‘the most enlightened nation of Europe’, to ‘a backward region where stagnation and sleepiness reigned’. This article questions ideas about an inevitable ‘rise and fall of nations’. It focuses on the limitations to the expansion of cultural infrastructure imposed by the restrictions of a minor linguistic community. Drawing on both quantitative data (e.g., on the circulation numbers of periodicals and the magnitude of the cultural public) and qualitative data on contemporary debates about ways to restore former greatness, it is argued that cultural expansion depends on ‘thresholds’. Opportunities to create and maintain cultural infrastructure not only depend on the relative number of participants within a given population, but also on the absolute number. Attention is directed to the fact that Latin continued to be used in Dutch universities until well after the middle of the 19th century. Furthermore, both a fierce resistance to Romantic philosophy and literature during the first decades of the 19th century and an increasing anti-Catholicism are interpreted as ways of adapting to a newly discovered ‘smallness’, giving rise to a national-cultural ideology that took ‘noble simplicity and silent grandeur’ as its central values. This ideology affected contemporary conceptions of literature in Holland, promoting ‘simplicity’ as the quintessense of every literary endeavor. The analysis suggests that comparative research of the cultural development of smaller linguistic communities might help to clarify the underlying factors and successive stages of the cultural modernization process that has already been extensively documented for the ‘greater’ European nations like France, England, and Germany.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.5"><titleInfo><title>The development of the literary field and the limitations of ‘minor’ languages: The case of the Northern Netherlands 1750–1850</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative"><title>The development of the literary field and the limitations of ‘minor’ languages: The case of the Northern Netherlands 1750–1850</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gert-Jan</namePart><namePart type="family">Johannes</namePart><affiliation>Department of Literature, Universiteit Utrecht, Kromme Nieuwegracht 66, 3512 HL Utrecht, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>Phone: +31 20 6718548;</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: emagjjohannes@compuserve.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="eng">Evaluations of the culture of the 18th-century Dutch Republic vary considerably. The emerging picture is that of a nation mysteriously but rapidly declining from ‘le magasin de l'univers’ or ‘the most enlightened nation of Europe’, to ‘a backward region where stagnation and sleepiness reigned’. This article questions ideas about an inevitable ‘rise and fall of nations’. It focuses on the limitations to the expansion of cultural infrastructure imposed by the restrictions of a minor linguistic community. Drawing on both quantitative data (e.g., on the circulation numbers of periodicals and the magnitude of the cultural public) and qualitative data on contemporary debates about ways to restore former greatness, it is argued that cultural expansion depends on ‘thresholds’. Opportunities to create and maintain cultural infrastructure not only depend on the relative number of participants within a given population, but also on the absolute number. Attention is directed to the fact that Latin continued to be used in Dutch universities until well after the middle of the 19th century. Furthermore, both a fierce resistance to Romantic philosophy and literature during the first decades of the 19th century and an increasing anti-Catholicism are interpreted as ways of adapting to a newly discovered ‘smallness’, giving rise to a national-cultural ideology that took ‘noble simplicity and silent grandeur’ as its central values. This ideology affected contemporary conceptions of literature in Holland, promoting ‘simplicity’ as the quintessense of every literary endeavor. The analysis suggests that comparative research of the cultural development of smaller linguistic communities might help to clarify the underlying factors and successive stages of the cultural modernization process that has already been extensively documented for the ‘greater’ European nations like France, England, and Germany. </abstract><note>The author wishes to thank Kees van Rees and Gillis Dorleijn for encouragement and comments, and Renée Vink for translating the text.</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Poetics</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>POETIC</title></titleInfo><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200103</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0304-422X</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0304-422X(00)X0027-7</identifier><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><number>28</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>5–6</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>331</start><end>464</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB1"><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Altick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance><publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chicago, IL</placeTerm></place></originInfo><note>Altick, 1957</note><note>Book</note><part><date>1957</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB2"><titleInfo><title>Het boek at andere boeken overbodig zou maken. 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Van Maru als verzamelaar en bezieler van het geleerd bedrijf in Haarlem</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wiechman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Touret</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><note>Wiechman and Touret, 1987</note><relatedItem type="series"><titleInfo><title>On the Dutch scientist Van Marum and his Haarlem sponsors, 1750–1837</title></titleInfo><titleInfo><title>Een elektriserend geleerde: Martinus van Marum 1750-1837</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wiechman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Palm</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>Book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Enschedé</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Haarlem</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><part><extent unit="pages"><start>103</start><end>154</end></extent></part><part><date>1987</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="BIB57"><titleInfo><title>[Criticism of Dutch history and culture by a German]</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zahn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><issuance>monographic</issuance><publisher>Siedler</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin</placeTerm></place></originInfo><note>Zahn, 1984</note><note>[Criticism of Dutch history and culture by a German]</note><note>Book</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>[Criticism of Dutch history and culture by a German]</title></titleInfo></relatedItem><part><date>1984</date></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D7B6B90DF4B908553D2DA35FE21637811C43563A</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0304-422X(00)00032-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0304-422X(00)00032-2</identifier><part><extent unit="pages"><start>349</start><end>376</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>ELSEVIER</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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