Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing
Identifieur interne : 001244 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001243; suivant : 001245Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing
Auteurs : Zhichang Guo ; Paul A. Dirmeyer ; Zeng-Zhen Hu ; Xiang Gao ; Mei ZhaoSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2006-11-27.
Abstract
The quality of meteorological forcing data has a strong impact on the simulation of the land surface component of the hydrological cycle. In this paper, the sensitivity of soil moisture simulations to combinations of different external meteorological forcing and vegetation parameters supplied by the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II (II2) as part of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2) is evaluated by using the SSiB land surface model. The simulated plant‐available soil moisture in the top 1 m of soil is compared against in situ observations over grasslands and agricultural regions in the former Soviet Union, United States (Illinois), China, and Mongolia from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank. It is found that the skill of the simulations is very sensitive to the source of meteorological forcing and that hybridization of reanalysis products with observational data substantially improves the soil moisture simulations compared to reanalysis data alone. Sensitivity is highest among products of precipitation, radiation, and vegetation class. The range of changes in the skill of soil moisture simulations with the same land surface model in 13 different sensitivity studies is as large as that resulting from 11 different land surface models driven with the same meteorological forcing from the baseline integrations of GSWP‐2. Assuming differences among versions of meteorological forcing fields are indicative of uncertainties in our knowledge of these drivers of the land surface climate, the impact of that uncertainty on land surface hydrology is as large as that from the variations among land surface models.
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DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007845
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Dirmeyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Zeng Hen" sort="Hu, Zeng Hen" uniqKey="Hu Z" first="Zeng-Zhen" last="Hu">Zeng-Zhen Hu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Xiang" sort="Gao, Xiang" uniqKey="Gao X" first="Xiang" last="Gao">Xiang Gao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Mei" sort="Zhao, Mei" uniqKey="Zhao M" first="Mei" last="Zhao">Mei Zhao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:014BF144A5318BB11BEAB4CCA3090CAB02D5CA57</idno><date when="2006" year="2006">2006</date><idno type="doi">10.1029/2006JD007845</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/014BF144A5318BB11BEAB4CCA3090CAB02D5CA57/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001244</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001244</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing</title><author><name sortKey="Guo, Zhichang" sort="Guo, Zhichang" uniqKey="Guo Z" first="Zhichang" last="Guo">Zhichang Guo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: guo@cola.iges.org</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dirmeyer, Paul A" sort="Dirmeyer, Paul A" uniqKey="Dirmeyer P" first="Paul A." last="Dirmeyer">Paul A. Dirmeyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Zeng Hen" sort="Hu, Zeng Hen" uniqKey="Hu Z" first="Zeng-Zhen" last="Hu">Zeng-Zhen Hu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Xiang" sort="Gao, Xiang" uniqKey="Gao X" first="Xiang" last="Gao">Xiang Gao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Mei" sort="Zhao, Mei" uniqKey="Zhao M" first="Mei" last="Zhao">Mei Zhao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2006-11-27">2006-11-27</date><biblScope unit="volume">111</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D22</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">014BF144A5318BB11BEAB4CCA3090CAB02D5CA57</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2006JD007845</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2006JD007845</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">The quality of meteorological forcing data has a strong impact on the simulation of the land surface component of the hydrological cycle. In this paper, the sensitivity of soil moisture simulations to combinations of different external meteorological forcing and vegetation parameters supplied by the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II (II2) as part of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2) is evaluated by using the SSiB land surface model. The simulated plant‐available soil moisture in the top 1 m of soil is compared against in situ observations over grasslands and agricultural regions in the former Soviet Union, United States (Illinois), China, and Mongolia from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank. It is found that the skill of the simulations is very sensitive to the source of meteorological forcing and that hybridization of reanalysis products with observational data substantially improves the soil moisture simulations compared to reanalysis data alone. Sensitivity is highest among products of precipitation, radiation, and vegetation class. The range of changes in the skill of soil moisture simulations with the same land surface model in 13 different sensitivity studies is as large as that resulting from 11 different land surface models driven with the same meteorological forcing from the baseline integrations of GSWP‐2. Assuming differences among versions of meteorological forcing fields are indicative of uncertainties in our knowledge of these drivers of the land surface climate, the impact of that uncertainty on land surface hydrology is as large as that from the variations among land surface models.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Zhichang Guo</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</json:string><json:string>E-mail: guo@cola.iges.org</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paul A. Dirmeyer</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Zeng‐Zhen Hu</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Xiang Gao</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mei Zhao</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil moisture</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>GSWP‐2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ISLSCP‐2</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>2006JD007845</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The quality of meteorological forcing data has a strong impact on the simulation of the land surface component of the hydrological cycle. In this paper, the sensitivity of soil moisture simulations to combinations of different external meteorological forcing and vegetation parameters supplied by the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II (II2) as part of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2) is evaluated by using the SSiB land surface model. The simulated plant‐available soil moisture in the top 1 m of soil is compared against in situ observations over grasslands and agricultural regions in the former Soviet Union, United States (Illinois), China, and Mongolia from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank. It is found that the skill of the simulations is very sensitive to the source of meteorological forcing and that hybridization of reanalysis products with observational data substantially improves the soil moisture simulations compared to reanalysis data alone. Sensitivity is highest among products of precipitation, radiation, and vegetation class. The range of changes in the skill of soil moisture simulations with the same land surface model in 13 different sensitivity studies is as large as that resulting from 11 different land surface models driven with the same meteorological forcing from the baseline integrations of GSWP‐2. Assuming differences among versions of meteorological forcing fields are indicative of uncertainties in our knowledge of these drivers of the land surface climate, the impact of that uncertainty on land surface hydrology is as large as that from the variations among land surface models.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.5</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1685</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7711</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>47655</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>11</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>252</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. 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Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Zhichang</forename><surname>Guo</surname></persName><email>guo@cola.iges.org</email><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Paul A.</forename><surname>Dirmeyer</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Zeng‐Zhen</forename><surname>Hu</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Xiang</forename><surname>Gao</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Mei</forename><surname>Zhao</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="pISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2006-11-27"></date><biblScope unit="volume">111</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D22</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">014BF144A5318BB11BEAB4CCA3090CAB02D5CA57</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2006JD007845</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2006JD007845</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2006</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>The quality of meteorological forcing data has a strong impact on the simulation of the land surface component of the hydrological cycle. In this paper, the sensitivity of soil moisture simulations to combinations of different external meteorological forcing and vegetation parameters supplied by the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II (II2) as part of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2) is evaluated by using the SSiB land surface model. The simulated plant‐available soil moisture in the top 1 m of soil is compared against in situ observations over grasslands and agricultural regions in the former Soviet Union, United States (Illinois), China, and Mongolia from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank. It is found that the skill of the simulations is very sensitive to the source of meteorological forcing and that hybridization of reanalysis products with observational data substantially improves the soil moisture simulations compared to reanalysis data alone. Sensitivity is highest among products of precipitation, radiation, and vegetation class. The range of changes in the skill of soil moisture simulations with the same land surface model in 13 different sensitivity studies is as large as that resulting from 11 different land surface models driven with the same meteorological forcing from the baseline integrations of GSWP‐2. Assuming differences among versions of meteorological forcing fields are indicative of uncertainties in our knowledge of these drivers of the land surface climate, the impact of that uncertainty on land surface hydrology is as large as that from the variations among land surface models.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>soil moisture</term></item><item><term>GSWP‐2</term></item><item><term>ISLSCP‐2</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>index-terms</head><item><term>Carbon, Water, and Energy Cycle Investigations Using a Common Global Data Set: The International Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II</term></item><item><term>Climate and Dynamics</term></item><item><term>CRYOSPHERE</term></item><item><term>Mass balance</term></item><item><term>GEODESY AND GRAVITY</term></item><item><term>Mass balance</term></item><item><term>Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>Mass balance</term></item><item><term>GLOBAL CHANGE</term></item><item><term>Land/atmosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>Water cycles</term></item><item><term>HYDROLOGY</term></item><item><term>Hydrological cycles and budgets</term></item><item><term>Hydrometeorology</term></item><item><term>Soil moisture</term></item><item><term>Water budgets</term></item><item><term>Hydrological cycles and budgets</term></item><item><term>Land/atmosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS</term></item><item><term>Gravity and isostasy</term></item><item><term>ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</term></item><item><term>Land/atmosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</term></item><item><term>General circulation</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Climate and Dynamics</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2006-07-27">Received</change><change when="2006-09-20">Registration</change><change when="2006-11-27">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/014BF144A5318BB11BEAB4CCA3090CAB02D5CA57/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgrd13420"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</doi><issn type="print">0148-0227</issn><issn type="electronic">2156-2202</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRD"></id><id type="coden" value="JGREA2"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: ATMOSPHERES">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title type="short">J. 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A.</givenNames> <familyName>Dirmeyer</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>Z.‐Z.</givenNames> <familyName>Hu</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>X.</givenNames> <familyName>Gao</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>M.</givenNames> <familyName>Zhao</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2006">2006</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>111</vol>, D22S03, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2006JD007845">10.1029/2006JD007845</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRD.JGRD13420.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="6"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing</title><title type="short">SENSITIVITY OF SOIL MOISTURE TO METEOROLOGICAL FORCING</title><title type="shortAuthors">Guo <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd13420-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#jgrd13420-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Zhichang</givenNames> <familyName>Guo</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="guo@cola.iges.org">guo@cola.iges.org</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd13420-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#jgrd13420-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Paul A.</givenNames> <familyName>Dirmeyer</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd13420-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#jgrd13420-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Zeng‐Zhen</givenNames> <familyName>Hu</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd13420-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#jgrd13420-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Xiang</givenNames> <familyName>Gao</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd13420-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#jgrd13420-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Mei</givenNames> <familyName>Zhao</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd13420-aff-0001"><orgName>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies</orgName><address><city>Calverton</city><countryPart>Maryland</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrd13420-kwd-0001">soil moisture</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrd13420-kwd-0002">GSWP‐2</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrd13420-kwd-0003">ISLSCP‐2</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrd13420:jgrd13420-sup-0001-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrd13420-para-0001" label="1">The quality of meteorological forcing data has a strong impact on the simulation of the land surface component of the hydrological cycle. In this paper, the sensitivity of soil moisture simulations to combinations of different external meteorological forcing and vegetation parameters supplied by the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II (II2) as part of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2) is evaluated by using the SSiB land surface model. The simulated plant‐available soil moisture in the top 1 m of soil is compared against in situ observations over grasslands and agricultural regions in the former Soviet Union, United States (Illinois), China, and Mongolia from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank. It is found that the skill of the simulations is very sensitive to the source of meteorological forcing and that hybridization of reanalysis products with observational data substantially improves the soil moisture simulations compared to reanalysis data alone. Sensitivity is highest among products of precipitation, radiation, and vegetation class. The range of changes in the skill of soil moisture simulations with the same land surface model in 13 different sensitivity studies is as large as that resulting from 11 different land surface models driven with the same meteorological forcing from the baseline integrations of GSWP‐2. Assuming differences among versions of meteorological forcing fields are indicative of uncertainties in our knowledge of these drivers of the land surface climate, the impact of that uncertainty on land surface hydrology is as large as that from the variations among land surface models.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>SENSITIVITY OF SOIL MOISTURE TO METEOROLOGICAL FORCING</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zhichang</namePart><namePart type="family">Guo</namePart><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: guo@cola.iges.org</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paul A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dirmeyer</namePart><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zeng‐Zhen</namePart><namePart type="family">Hu</namePart><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Xiang</namePart><namePart type="family">Gao</namePart><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mei</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><affiliation>Center for Ocean‐Land‐Atmosphere Studies, Maryland, Calverton, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-11-27</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2006-07-27</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2006-09-20</dateValid><edition>Guo, Z., P. A. Dirmeyer, Z.‐Z. Hu, X. Gao, and M. Zhao (2006), Evaluation of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project soil moisture simulations: 2. Sensitivity to external meteorological forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22S03, doi:10.1029/2006JD007845.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>The quality of meteorological forcing data has a strong impact on the simulation of the land surface component of the hydrological cycle. In this paper, the sensitivity of soil moisture simulations to combinations of different external meteorological forcing and vegetation parameters supplied by the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II (II2) as part of the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2) is evaluated by using the SSiB land surface model. The simulated plant‐available soil moisture in the top 1 m of soil is compared against in situ observations over grasslands and agricultural regions in the former Soviet Union, United States (Illinois), China, and Mongolia from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank. It is found that the skill of the simulations is very sensitive to the source of meteorological forcing and that hybridization of reanalysis products with observational data substantially improves the soil moisture simulations compared to reanalysis data alone. Sensitivity is highest among products of precipitation, radiation, and vegetation class. The range of changes in the skill of soil moisture simulations with the same land surface model in 13 different sensitivity studies is as large as that resulting from 11 different land surface models driven with the same meteorological forcing from the baseline integrations of GSWP‐2. Assuming differences among versions of meteorological forcing fields are indicative of uncertainties in our knowledge of these drivers of the land surface climate, the impact of that uncertainty on land surface hydrology is as large as that from the variations among land surface models.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Tab‐delimited Table 1.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>soil moisture</topic><topic>GSWP‐2</topic><topic>ISLSCP‐2</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/specialSection/ISLSCP2">Carbon, Water, and Energy Cycle Investigations Using a Common Global Data Set: The International Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/subset/ACL">Climate and Dynamics</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0762">Mass balance</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1200">GEODESY AND GRAVITY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1218">Mass balance</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1223">Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1218">Mass balance</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1631">Land/atmosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1655">Water cycles</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1800">HYDROLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1836">Hydrological cycles and budgets</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1840">Hydrometeorology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1866">Soil moisture</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1876">Water budgets</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1836">Hydrological cycles and budgets</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1843">Land/atmosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3000">MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3010">Gravity and isostasy</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3300">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3322">Land/atmosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4532">General circulation</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Climate and Dynamics</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRD</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>111</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>D22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>11</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">014BF144A5318BB11BEAB4CCA3090CAB02D5CA57</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2006JD007845</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2006JD007845</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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