Modelling water erosion in the Sahel: application of a physically based soil erosion model in a gentle sloping environment
Identifieur interne : 000E33 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E32; suivant : 000E34Modelling water erosion in the Sahel: application of a physically based soil erosion model in a gentle sloping environment
Auteurs : S. M. Visser ; G. Sterk ; D. KarssenbergSource :
- Earth Surface Processes and Landforms [ 0197-9337 ] ; 2005-11.
English descriptors
Abstract
Water is a major limiting factor in arid and semi‐arid agriculture. In the Sahelian zone of Africa, it is not always the limited amount of annual rainfall that constrains crop production, but rather the proportion of rainfall that enters the root zone and becomes plant‐available soil moisture. Maximizing the rain‐use efficiency and therefore limiting overland flow is an important issue for farmers. The objectives of this research were to model the processes of infiltration, runoff and subsequent erosion in a Sahelian environment and to study the spatial distribution of overland flow and soil erosion. The wide variety of existing water erosion models are not developed for the Sahel and so do not include the unique Sahelian processes. The topography of the Sahelian agricultural lands in northern Burkina Faso is such that field slopes are generally low (0–5°) and overland flow mostly occurs in the form of sheet flow, which may transport large amounts of fine, nutrient‐rich particles despite its low sediment transport capacity. Furthermore, pool formation in a field limits overland flow and causes resettlement of sediment resulting in the development of a surface crust. The EUROSEM model was rewritten in the dynamic modelling code of PCRaster and extended to account for the pool formation and crust development. The modelling results were calibrated with field data from the 2001 rainy season in the Katacheri catchment in northern Burkina Faso. It is concluded that the modified version of EUROSEM for the Sahel is a fully dynamic erosion model, able to simulate infiltration, runoff routing, pool formation, sediment transport, and erosion and deposition by inter‐rill processes over the land surface in individual storms at the scale of both runoff plots and fields. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured amounts of runoff and sediment discharge. Incorporating crust development during the event may enhance model performance, since the process has a large influence on infiltration capacity and sediment detachment in the Sahel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/esp.1212
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ISTEX:01E33372904BA38C98A51D1D4027FCE460938B35Le document en format XML
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In the Sahelian zone of Africa, it is not always the limited amount of annual rainfall that constrains crop production, but rather the proportion of rainfall that enters the root zone and becomes plant‐available soil moisture. Maximizing the rain‐use efficiency and therefore limiting overland flow is an important issue for farmers. The objectives of this research were to model the processes of infiltration, runoff and subsequent erosion in a Sahelian environment and to study the spatial distribution of overland flow and soil erosion. The wide variety of existing water erosion models are not developed for the Sahel and so do not include the unique Sahelian processes. The topography of the Sahelian agricultural lands in northern Burkina Faso is such that field slopes are generally low (0–5°) and overland flow mostly occurs in the form of sheet flow, which may transport large amounts of fine, nutrient‐rich particles despite its low sediment transport capacity. Furthermore, pool formation in a field limits overland flow and causes resettlement of sediment resulting in the development of a surface crust. The EUROSEM model was rewritten in the dynamic modelling code of PCRaster and extended to account for the pool formation and crust development. The modelling results were calibrated with field data from the 2001 rainy season in the Katacheri catchment in northern Burkina Faso. It is concluded that the modified version of EUROSEM for the Sahel is a fully dynamic erosion model, able to simulate infiltration, runoff routing, pool formation, sediment transport, and erosion and deposition by inter‐rill processes over the land surface in individual storms at the scale of both runoff plots and fields. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured amounts of runoff and sediment discharge. 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Furthermore, pool formation in a field limits overland flow and causes resettlement of sediment resulting in the development of a surface crust. The EUROSEM model was rewritten in the dynamic modelling code of PCRaster and extended to account for the pool formation and crust development. The modelling results were calibrated with field data from the 2001 rainy season in the Katacheri catchment in northern Burkina Faso. It is concluded that the modified version of EUROSEM for the Sahel is a fully dynamic erosion model, able to simulate infiltration, runoff routing, pool formation, sediment transport, and erosion and deposition by inter‐rill processes over the land surface in individual storms at the scale of both runoff plots and fields. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured amounts of runoff and sediment discharge. Incorporating crust development during the event may enhance model performance, since the process has a large influence on infiltration capacity and sediment detachment in the Sahel. 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Furthermore, pool formation in a field limits overland flow and causes resettlement of sediment resulting in the development of a surface crust. The EUROSEM model was rewritten in the dynamic modelling code of PCRaster and extended to account for the pool formation and crust development. The modelling results were calibrated with field data from the 2001 rainy season in the Katacheri catchment in northern Burkina Faso. It is concluded that the modified version of EUROSEM for the Sahel is a fully dynamic erosion model, able to simulate infiltration, runoff routing, pool formation, sediment transport, and erosion and deposition by inter‐rill processes over the land surface in individual storms at the scale of both runoff plots and fields. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured amounts of runoff and sediment discharge. Incorporating crust development during the event may enhance model performance, since the process has a large influence on infiltration capacity and sediment detachment in the Sahel. 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M.</givenNames><familyName>Visser</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="Saskia.Faye-Visser@wur.nl">Saskia.Faye‐Visser@wur.nl</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>G.</givenNames><familyName>Sterk</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>D.</givenNames><familyName>Karssenberg</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="NL" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Erosion & Soil and Water Conservation Group, Wageningen University. Nieuwe Kanaal 11, 6908 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="NL" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>The Netherlands Centre for Geo‐ecological Research (ICG), Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Sahel</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">Burkina Faso</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">water erosion</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">physically‐based erosion model</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">PCRaster</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Water is a major limiting factor in arid and semi‐arid agriculture. In the Sahelian zone of Africa, it is not always the limited amount of annual rainfall that constrains crop production, but rather the proportion of rainfall that enters the root zone and becomes plant‐available soil moisture. Maximizing the rain‐use efficiency and therefore limiting overland flow is an important issue for farmers. The objectives of this research were to model the processes of infiltration, runoff and subsequent erosion in a Sahelian environment and to study the spatial distribution of overland flow and soil erosion.</p><p>The wide variety of existing water erosion models are not developed for the Sahel and so do not include the unique Sahelian processes. The topography of the Sahelian agricultural lands in northern Burkina Faso is such that field slopes are generally low (0–5°) and overland flow mostly occurs in the form of sheet flow, which may transport large amounts of fine, nutrient‐rich particles despite its low sediment transport capacity. Furthermore, pool formation in a field limits overland flow and causes resettlement of sediment resulting in the development of a surface crust.</p><p>The EUROSEM model was rewritten in the dynamic modelling code of PCRaster and extended to account for the pool formation and crust development. The modelling results were calibrated with field data from the 2001 rainy season in the Katacheri catchment in northern Burkina Faso. It is concluded that the modified version of EUROSEM for the Sahel is a fully dynamic erosion model, able to simulate infiltration, runoff routing, pool formation, sediment transport, and erosion and deposition by inter‐rill processes over the land surface in individual storms at the scale of both runoff plots and fields. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured amounts of runoff and sediment discharge. Incorporating crust development during the event may enhance model performance, since the process has a large influence on infiltration capacity and sediment detachment in the Sahel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Modelling water erosion in the Sahel: application of a physically based soil erosion model in a gentle sloping environment</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Modelling water erosion in the Sahel</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Modelling water erosion in the Sahel: application of a physically based soil erosion model in a gentle sloping environment</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Visser</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Erosion & Soil and Water Conservation Group, Wageningen University. Nieuwe Kanaal 11, 6908 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Erosion & Soil and Water Conservation Group, Wageningen University. Nieuwe Kanaal 11, 6908 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sterk</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, Erosion & Soil and Water Conservation Group, Wageningen University. Nieuwe Kanaal 11, 6908 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Karssenberg</namePart><affiliation>The Netherlands Centre for Geo‐ecological Research (ICG), Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-11</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2003-07-25</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2004-11-23</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">9</extent><extent unit="tables">6</extent><extent unit="references">44</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Water is a major limiting factor in arid and semi‐arid agriculture. In the Sahelian zone of Africa, it is not always the limited amount of annual rainfall that constrains crop production, but rather the proportion of rainfall that enters the root zone and becomes plant‐available soil moisture. Maximizing the rain‐use efficiency and therefore limiting overland flow is an important issue for farmers. The objectives of this research were to model the processes of infiltration, runoff and subsequent erosion in a Sahelian environment and to study the spatial distribution of overland flow and soil erosion. The wide variety of existing water erosion models are not developed for the Sahel and so do not include the unique Sahelian processes. The topography of the Sahelian agricultural lands in northern Burkina Faso is such that field slopes are generally low (0–5°) and overland flow mostly occurs in the form of sheet flow, which may transport large amounts of fine, nutrient‐rich particles despite its low sediment transport capacity. Furthermore, pool formation in a field limits overland flow and causes resettlement of sediment resulting in the development of a surface crust. The EUROSEM model was rewritten in the dynamic modelling code of PCRaster and extended to account for the pool formation and crust development. The modelling results were calibrated with field data from the 2001 rainy season in the Katacheri catchment in northern Burkina Faso. It is concluded that the modified version of EUROSEM for the Sahel is a fully dynamic erosion model, able to simulate infiltration, runoff routing, pool formation, sediment transport, and erosion and deposition by inter‐rill processes over the land surface in individual storms at the scale of both runoff plots and fields. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured amounts of runoff and sediment discharge. Incorporating crust development during the event may enhance model performance, since the process has a large influence on infiltration capacity and sediment detachment in the Sahel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Sahel</topic><topic>Burkina Faso</topic><topic>water erosion</topic><topic>physically‐based erosion model</topic><topic>PCRaster</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</title><subTitle>The Journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Earth Surf. Process. Landforms</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0197-9337</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1096-9837</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9837</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ESP</identifier><part><date>2005</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1547</start><end>1566</end><total>20</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">01E33372904BA38C98A51D1D4027FCE460938B35</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/esp.1212</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ESP1212</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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