Model Based Nitrate TMDLs for Two Agricultural Watersheds of Southeastern Minnesota
Identifieur interne : 000D55 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D54; suivant : 000D56Model Based Nitrate TMDLs for Two Agricultural Watersheds of Southeastern Minnesota
Auteurs : P. H. Gowda ; B. J. Dalzell ; D. J. MullaSource :
- JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association [ 1093-474X ] ; 2007-02.
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Abstract
Abstract: In this study, a set of nitrogen reduction strategies were modeled to evaluate the feasibility of improving water quality to meet total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in two agricultural watersheds. For this purpose, a spatial‐process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994‐96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located in south‐central Minnesota. Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave r2 coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios included: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg/ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg/ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. Trends towards increases in tile‐drained crop land imply that attaining nitrate TMDLs in future may require other alternative management practices in addition to fertilizer management such as partial conversion of crop land to pasture.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00020.x
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Larson Chair and Professor in the Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</title><idno type="ISSN">1093-474X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1752-1688</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-02">2007-02</date><biblScope unit="volume">43</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="254">254</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="263">263</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1093-474X</idno></series><idno type="istex">2F543228275C151ED54C100838E9845E52EB3BD3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00020.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JAWR020</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1093-474X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>ADAPT model</term><term>BMPs</term><term>nonpoint source pollution</term><term>tile drainage</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Abstract: In this study, a set of nitrogen reduction strategies were modeled to evaluate the feasibility of improving water quality to meet total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in two agricultural watersheds. For this purpose, a spatial‐process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994‐96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located in south‐central Minnesota. Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave r2 coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios included: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg/ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg/ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. Trends towards increases in tile‐drained crop land imply that attaining nitrate TMDLs in future may require other alternative management practices in addition to fertilizer management such as partial conversion of crop land to pasture.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>P. H. Gowda</name><affiliations><json:string>Agricultural Engineer, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, USDA‐ARS, Bushland, Texas</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. J. Dalzell</name><affiliations><json:string>Post‐doctoral Fellow, Large Lake Observatory, University of Minnesota‐Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. J. Mulla</name><affiliations><json:string>W.E. Larson Chair and Professor in the Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>nonpoint source pollution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>tile drainage</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ADAPT model</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>BMPs</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JAWR020</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: In this study, a set of nitrogen reduction strategies were modeled to evaluate the feasibility of improving water quality to meet total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in two agricultural watersheds. For this purpose, a spatial‐process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994‐96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located in south‐central Minnesota. Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave r2 coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios included: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg/ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg/ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. 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No claim to original U.S. government works</p></availability><date>2007</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*Paper No. J05105 of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA).</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Model Based Nitrate TMDLs for Two Agricultural Watersheds of Southeastern Minnesota</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">P. H.</forename><surname>Gowda</surname></persName><affiliation>Agricultural Engineer, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, USDA‐ARS, Bushland, Texas</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">B. J.</forename><surname>Dalzell</surname></persName><affiliation>Post‐doctoral Fellow, Large Lake Observatory, University of Minnesota‐Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">D. 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Larson Chair and Professor in the Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</title><idno type="pISSN">1093-474X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1752-1688</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-1688</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-02"></date><biblScope unit="volume">43</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="254">254</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="263">263</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">2F543228275C151ED54C100838E9845E52EB3BD3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00020.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JAWR020</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2007</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Abstract: In this study, a set of nitrogen reduction strategies were modeled to evaluate the feasibility of improving water quality to meet total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in two agricultural watersheds. For this purpose, a spatial‐process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994‐96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located in south‐central Minnesota. Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave r2 coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios included: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg/ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg/ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. 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No claim to original U.S. government works</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2007-02-12"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2007-02-12"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.6 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-04-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="254">254</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="263">263</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>(E‐Mail/Gowda: <email>pgowda@cprl.ars.usda.gov</email>).</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JAWR.JAWR020.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received July 23, 2005; accepted March 28, 2006.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="7"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title xml:lang="en" type="main">Model Based Nitrate TMDLs for Two Agricultural Watersheds of Southeastern Minnesota<link href="#fn1"><sup>1</sup></link></title><title type="shortAuthors">G<sc>owda</sc>, D<sc>alzell, and</sc> M<sc>ulla</sc></title><title type="short">M<sc>odel</sc> B<sc>ased</sc> N<sc>itrate</sc> TMDL<sc>s for</sc> T<sc>wo</sc> A<sc>gricultural</sc> W<sc>atersheds of</sc> S<sc>outheastern</sc> M<sc>innesota</sc></title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>P. H.</givenNames><familyName>Gowda</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>B. J.</givenNames><familyName>Dalzell</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>D. J.</givenNames><familyName>Mulla</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Agricultural Engineer, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, USDA‐ARS, Bushland, Texas</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Post‐doctoral Fellow, Large Lake Observatory, University of Minnesota‐Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>W.E. 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Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios included: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg/ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg/ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. 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For this purpose, a spatial‐process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994‐96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located in south‐central Minnesota. Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave r2 coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios included: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg/ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg/ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. Trends towards increases in tile‐drained crop land imply that attaining nitrate TMDLs in future may require other alternative management practices in addition to fertilizer management such as partial conversion of crop land to pasture.</abstract><note type="content">*Paper No. J05105 of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA).</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>nonpoint source pollution</topic><topic>tile drainage</topic><topic>ADAPT model</topic><topic>BMPs</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1093-474X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1752-1688</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-1688</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JAWR</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>43</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>254</start><end>263</end><total>10</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">2F543228275C151ED54C100838E9845E52EB3BD3</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00020.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JAWR020</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2007 American Water Resources Association. 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