Agricultural lands as ecological traps for grizzly bears
Identifieur interne : 000C85 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000C84; suivant : 000C86Agricultural lands as ecological traps for grizzly bears
Auteurs : J. M. Northrup ; G. B. Stenhouse ; M. S. BoyceSource :
- Animal Conservation [ 1367-9430 ] ; 2012-08.
Abstract
Human–carnivore conflicts on agricultural lands are a global conservation issue affecting carnivore population viability, and human safety and livelihoods. Locations of conflicts are influenced by both human presence and carnivore habitat selection, although these two aspects of conflict rarely have been examined concurrently. Advances in animal tracking have facilitated examination of carnivore habitat selection and movements affording new opportunities to understand spatial patterns of conflict. We reviewed 10 years of data on conflicts between grizzly bears and humans in southwestern Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression models in a geographic information system to map the probability of bear–human conflict from these data, and the relative probability of grizzly bear habitat selection based on global positioning system radiotelemetry data. We overlaid these maps to identify ecological traps, as well as areas of secure habitat. The majority of the landscape was seldom selected by bears, followed by ecological traps where most conflicts occurred. Only a small portion of the landscape was identified as secure habitat. Such mapping methods can be used to identify areas where conflict reduction strategies have the greatest potential to be effective. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive management to reduce conflicts and to identify areas where those conflicts are most problematic. These methods will be particularly useful for carnivores known to be in conflict with agriculture, such as large carnivores that prey on livestock, or pose a threat to human safety.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00525.x
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Northrup</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, Edmonton, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Joseph M. Northrup. Current address: Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.Email:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: joe.northrup@colostate.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stenhouse, G B" sort="Stenhouse, G B" uniqKey="Stenhouse G" first="G. B." last="Stenhouse">G. B. Stenhouse</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Foothills Research Institute, AB, Hinton, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyce, M S" sort="Boyce, M S" uniqKey="Boyce M" first="M. S." last="Boyce">M. S. 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Locations of conflicts are influenced by both human presence and carnivore habitat selection, although these two aspects of conflict rarely have been examined concurrently. Advances in animal tracking have facilitated examination of carnivore habitat selection and movements affording new opportunities to understand spatial patterns of conflict. We reviewed 10 years of data on conflicts between grizzly bears and humans in southwestern Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression models in a geographic information system to map the probability of bear–human conflict from these data, and the relative probability of grizzly bear habitat selection based on global positioning system radiotelemetry data. We overlaid these maps to identify ecological traps, as well as areas of secure habitat. The majority of the landscape was seldom selected by bears, followed by ecological traps where most conflicts occurred. Only a small portion of the landscape was identified as secure habitat. Such mapping methods can be used to identify areas where conflict reduction strategies have the greatest potential to be effective. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive management to reduce conflicts and to identify areas where those conflicts are most problematic. These methods will be particularly useful for carnivores known to be in conflict with agriculture, such as large carnivores that prey on livestock, or pose a threat to human safety.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><editor><json:item><name>Matthew Gompper</name></json:item><json:item><name>Abi Vanak</name></json:item></editor><author><json:item><name>J. M. Northrup</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, Edmonton, Canada</json:string><json:string>Joseph M. Northrup. 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Boyce</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, Edmonton, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>bear</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>human conflict</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>carnivore</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>human conflict</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>conflict risk</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ecological trap</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>GPS radiotelemetry</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>grizzly bear</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>resource selection function</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Ursus arctos</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ACV525</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Human–carnivore conflicts on agricultural lands are a global conservation issue affecting carnivore population viability, and human safety and livelihoods. Locations of conflicts are influenced by both human presence and carnivore habitat selection, although these two aspects of conflict rarely have been examined concurrently. Advances in animal tracking have facilitated examination of carnivore habitat selection and movements affording new opportunities to understand spatial patterns of conflict. We reviewed 10 years of data on conflicts between grizzly bears and humans in southwestern Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression models in a geographic information system to map the probability of bear–human conflict from these data, and the relative probability of grizzly bear habitat selection based on global positioning system radiotelemetry data. We overlaid these maps to identify ecological traps, as well as areas of secure habitat. The majority of the landscape was seldom selected by bears, followed by ecological traps where most conflicts occurred. Only a small portion of the landscape was identified as secure habitat. Such mapping methods can be used to identify areas where conflict reduction strategies have the greatest potential to be effective. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive management to reduce conflicts and to identify areas where those conflicts are most problematic. 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Animal Conservation © 2012 The Zoological Society of London</p></availability><date>2012-01-30</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Appendix S1. Modeling the occurrence of grizzly bear foods.Appendix S2. Maps of conflict risk and relative probability of selection.</note><note>Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada</note><note>Alberta Conservation Association</note><note>Royal Dutch Shell, Safari Club International Northern Alberta Chapter</note><note>World Wildlife Fund, Environment Canada</note><note>Alberta Sports Recreation Parks and Wildlife Foundation</note><note>Yellowstone‐to‐Yukon Foundation</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Agricultural lands as ecological traps for grizzly bears</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">J. 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Locations of conflicts are influenced by both human presence and carnivore habitat selection, although these two aspects of conflict rarely have been examined concurrently. Advances in animal tracking have facilitated examination of carnivore habitat selection and movements affording new opportunities to understand spatial patterns of conflict. We reviewed 10 years of data on conflicts between grizzly bears and humans in southwestern Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression models in a geographic information system to map the probability of bear–human conflict from these data, and the relative probability of grizzly bear habitat selection based on global positioning system radiotelemetry data. We overlaid these maps to identify ecological traps, as well as areas of secure habitat. The majority of the landscape was seldom selected by bears, followed by ecological traps where most conflicts occurred. Only a small portion of the landscape was identified as secure habitat. Such mapping methods can be used to identify areas where conflict reduction strategies have the greatest potential to be effective. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive management to reduce conflicts and to identify areas where those conflicts are most problematic. These methods will be particularly useful for carnivores known to be in conflict with agriculture, such as large carnivores that prey on livestock, or pose a threat to human safety.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>bear</term></item><item><term>human conflict</term></item><item><term>carnivore</term></item><item><term>human conflict</term></item><item><term>conflict risk</term></item><item><term>ecological trap</term></item><item><term>GPS radiotelemetry</term></item><item><term>grizzly bear</term></item><item><term>resource selection function</term></item><item><term>Ursus arctos</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-07-05">Received</change><change when="2012-01-16">Registration</change><change when="2012-01-30">Created</change><change when="2012-08">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6DD7EA521EB5A0AC22B7A7390332FCBC162E0B48/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="acv525" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-1795</doi><issn type="print">1367-9430</issn><issn type="electronic">1469-1795</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ACV"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="ANIMAL CONSERVATION" type="main">Animal Conservation</title><title type="short">Anim Conserv</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="08104"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/acv.2012.15.issue-4</doi><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Animal Conservation © 2012 The Zoological Society of London</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering number="15" type="journalVolume">15</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-08">August 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="80" status="forIssue" type="article"><doi>10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00525.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ACV525"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="9" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">ORIGINAL ARTICLES</title><title type="articleCategory">ORIGINAL ARTICLE</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">© 2012 The Authors. 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Current address: Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.</line><line>Email: <email>joe.northrup@colostate.edu</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ACV.ACV525.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="short">Agricultural lands as ecological traps</title><title type="shortAuthors">J. <fc>M</fc>. <fc>N</fc>orthrup, <fc>G</fc>. <fc>B</fc>. <fc>S</fc>tenhouse and <fc>M</fc>. <fc>S</fc>. <fc>B</fc>oyce</title><title type="main">Agricultural lands as ecological traps for grizzly bears</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#acv525-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="acv525-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>J. 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S.</givenNames><familyName>Boyce</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="editor" xml:id="acv525-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Matthew</givenNames><familyName>Gompper</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="editor" xml:id="acv525-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Abi</givenNames><familyName>Vanak</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="CA" xml:id="acv525-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Biological Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of Alberta</orgName><address><city>Edmonton</city><countryPart>AB</countryPart><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" xml:id="acv525-aff-0002"><orgName>Foothills Research Institute</orgName><address><city>Hinton</city><countryPart>AB</countryPart><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0001">bear</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0002">human conflict</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0003">carnivore</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0004">human conflict</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0005">conflict risk</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0006">ecological trap</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0007"><fc>GPS</fc> radiotelemetry</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0008">grizzly bear</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0009">resource selection function</keyword><keyword xml:id="acv525-kwd-0010"><i><fc>U</fc>rsus arctos</i></keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Alberta Conservation Association</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Royal Dutch Shell, Safari Club International Northern Alberta Chapter</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>World Wildlife Fund, Environment Canada</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Alberta Sports Recreation Parks and Wildlife Foundation</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Yellowstone‐to‐Yukon Foundation</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="doc" href="urn-x:wiley:13679430:media:acv525:acv525-sup-001-apps1"></mediaResource><caption><b>Appendix S1.</b> Modeling the occurrence of grizzly bear foods.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="pdf" href="urn-x:wiley:13679430:media:acv525:acv525-sup-002-apps2"></mediaResource><caption><b>Appendix S2.</b> Maps of conflict risk and relative probability of selection.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Human–carnivore conflicts on agricultural lands are a global conservation issue affecting carnivore population viability, and human safety and livelihoods. Locations of conflicts are influenced by both human presence and carnivore habitat selection, although these two aspects of conflict rarely have been examined concurrently. Advances in animal tracking have facilitated examination of carnivore habitat selection and movements affording new opportunities to understand spatial patterns of conflict. We reviewed 10 years of data on conflicts between grizzly bears and humans in southwestern <fc>A</fc>lberta, <fc>C</fc>anada. We used logistic regression models in a geographic information system to map the probability of bear–human conflict from these data, and the relative probability of grizzly bear habitat selection based on global positioning system radiotelemetry data. We overlaid these maps to identify ecological traps, as well as areas of secure habitat. The majority of the landscape was seldom selected by bears, followed by ecological traps where most conflicts occurred. Only a small portion of the landscape was identified as secure habitat. Such mapping methods can be used to identify areas where conflict reduction strategies have the greatest potential to be effective. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive management to reduce conflicts and to identify areas where those conflicts are most problematic. These methods will be particularly useful for carnivores known to be in conflict with agriculture, such as large carnivores that prey on livestock, or pose a threat to human safety.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Agricultural lands as ecological traps for grizzly bears</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Agricultural lands as ecological traps</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Agricultural lands as ecological traps for grizzly bears</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Northrup</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, Edmonton, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Joseph M. Northrup. Current address: Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.Email:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: joe.northrup@colostate.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stenhouse</namePart><affiliation>Foothills Research Institute, AB, Hinton, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Boyce</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, Edmonton, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Matthew</namePart><namePart type="family">Gompper</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Abi</namePart><namePart type="family">Vanak</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-08</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2012-01-30</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2011-07-05</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2012-01-16</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Human–carnivore conflicts on agricultural lands are a global conservation issue affecting carnivore population viability, and human safety and livelihoods. Locations of conflicts are influenced by both human presence and carnivore habitat selection, although these two aspects of conflict rarely have been examined concurrently. Advances in animal tracking have facilitated examination of carnivore habitat selection and movements affording new opportunities to understand spatial patterns of conflict. We reviewed 10 years of data on conflicts between grizzly bears and humans in southwestern Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression models in a geographic information system to map the probability of bear–human conflict from these data, and the relative probability of grizzly bear habitat selection based on global positioning system radiotelemetry data. We overlaid these maps to identify ecological traps, as well as areas of secure habitat. The majority of the landscape was seldom selected by bears, followed by ecological traps where most conflicts occurred. Only a small portion of the landscape was identified as secure habitat. Such mapping methods can be used to identify areas where conflict reduction strategies have the greatest potential to be effective. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive management to reduce conflicts and to identify areas where those conflicts are most problematic. These methods will be particularly useful for carnivores known to be in conflict with agriculture, such as large carnivores that prey on livestock, or pose a threat to human safety.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Appendix S1. Modeling the occurrence of grizzly bear foods.Appendix S2. Maps of conflict risk and relative probability of selection.</note><note type="funding">Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada</note><note type="funding">Alberta Conservation Association</note><note type="funding">Royal Dutch Shell, Safari Club International Northern Alberta Chapter</note><note type="funding">World Wildlife Fund, Environment Canada</note><note type="funding">Alberta Sports Recreation Parks and Wildlife Foundation</note><note type="funding">Yellowstone‐to‐Yukon Foundation</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>bear</topic><topic>human conflict</topic><topic>carnivore</topic><topic>human conflict</topic><topic>conflict risk</topic><topic>ecological trap</topic><topic>GPS radiotelemetry</topic><topic>grizzly bear</topic><topic>resource selection function</topic><topic>Ursus arctos</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Animal Conservation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Anim Conserv</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1367-9430</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1469-1795</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-1795</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ACV</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>369</start><end>377</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">6DD7EA521EB5A0AC22B7A7390332FCBC162E0B48</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00525.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ACV525</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Animal Conservation © 2012 The Zoological Society of London© 2012 The Authors. 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