Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture and deforestation on climate change
Identifieur interne : 000C20 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000C19; suivant : 000C21Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture and deforestation on climate change
Auteurs : P. Bernard Tinker ; John S. I. Ingram ; Sten StruweSource :
- Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment [ 0167-8809 ] ; 1996.
Abstract
Tropical forest felling can be for the purpose of traditional shifting cultivation, after which forest is re-established, or for permanent land-use change, which is defined as deforestation. Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in tropical deforestation caused by slash-and-burn clearing for the establishment of more permanent agriculture, plantations and pastures, which often result in degraded grasslands or degraded fallows. The net CO2 balance in shifting cultivation is near zero if the forest returns to its original biomass and soil organic carbon status, although there is a small net release of other greenhouse gases during the cropping cycle. Deforestation by contrast normally causes large losses of CO2 from the soil and vegetation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still difficult to quantify. Deforestation may lead to changes in evapotranspiration, runoff and local climate but there are few data. If it occurs in large continuous areas, the rainfall may be decreased, according to modelling studies. There is now no doubt that “human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases”, and that “these increases will enhance the greenhouse effect” (IPCC, 1990. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment). The questions we address in this paper are to what extent slash-and-burn of forest is responsible, and how land conversion of this type will affect the climate system, including its impact on local and regional hydrology.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0167-8809(95)00651-6
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Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in tropical deforestation caused by slash-and-burn clearing for the establishment of more permanent agriculture, plantations and pastures, which often result in degraded grasslands or degraded fallows. The net CO2 balance in shifting cultivation is near zero if the forest returns to its original biomass and soil organic carbon status, although there is a small net release of other greenhouse gases during the cropping cycle. Deforestation by contrast normally causes large losses of CO2 from the soil and vegetation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still difficult to quantify. Deforestation may lead to changes in evapotranspiration, runoff and local climate but there are few data. If it occurs in large continuous areas, the rainfall may be decreased, according to modelling studies. There is now no doubt that “human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases”, and that “these increases will enhance the greenhouse effect” (IPCC, 1990. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment). The questions we address in this paper are to what extent slash-and-burn of forest is responsible, and how land conversion of this type will affect the climate system, including its impact on local and regional hydrology.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>P.Bernard Tinker</name><affiliations><json:string>GCTE Focus 3 Office, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>John S.I. Ingram</name><affiliations><json:string>GCTE Focus 3 Office, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sten Struwe</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of General Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Slash-and-burn</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Deforestation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Carbon balance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Climate change</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Land use</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Tropical forest felling can be for the purpose of traditional shifting cultivation, after which forest is re-established, or for permanent land-use change, which is defined as deforestation. Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in tropical deforestation caused by slash-and-burn clearing for the establishment of more permanent agriculture, plantations and pastures, which often result in degraded grasslands or degraded fallows. The net CO2 balance in shifting cultivation is near zero if the forest returns to its original biomass and soil organic carbon status, although there is a small net release of other greenhouse gases during the cropping cycle. Deforestation by contrast normally causes large losses of CO2 from the soil and vegetation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still difficult to quantify. Deforestation may lead to changes in evapotranspiration, runoff and local climate but there are few data. If it occurs in large continuous areas, the rainfall may be decreased, according to modelling studies. There is now no doubt that “human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases”, and that “these increases will enhance the greenhouse effect” (IPCC, 1990. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment). 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Sanchez</persName></editor><editor><persName>M. Hailu</persName></editor><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1996"></date><biblScope unit="volume">58</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="13">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="22">22</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">2F330231C10DB58774D7CFCD61889A4BA0823475</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0167-8809(95)00651-6</idno><idno type="PII">0167-8809(95)00651-6</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1996</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tropical forest felling can be for the purpose of traditional shifting cultivation, after which forest is re-established, or for permanent land-use change, which is defined as deforestation. Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in tropical deforestation caused by slash-and-burn clearing for the establishment of more permanent agriculture, plantations and pastures, which often result in degraded grasslands or degraded fallows. The net CO2 balance in shifting cultivation is near zero if the forest returns to its original biomass and soil organic carbon status, although there is a small net release of other greenhouse gases during the cropping cycle. Deforestation by contrast normally causes large losses of CO2 from the soil and vegetation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still difficult to quantify. Deforestation may lead to changes in evapotranspiration, runoff and local climate but there are few data. If it occurs in large continuous areas, the rainfall may be decreased, according to modelling studies. There is now no doubt that “human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases”, and that “these increases will enhance the greenhouse effect” (IPCC, 1990. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment). The questions we address in this paper are to what extent slash-and-burn of forest is responsible, and how land conversion of this type will affect the climate system, including its impact on local and regional hydrology.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Slash-and-burn</term></item><item><term>Deforestation</term></item><item><term>Carbon balance</term></item><item><term>Climate change</term></item><item><term>Land use</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1996">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2F330231C10DB58774D7CFCD61889A4BA0823475/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>AGEE</jid><aid>95006516</aid><ce:pii>0167-8809(95)00651-6</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0167-8809(95)00651-6</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1996"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture and deforestation on climate change</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>P.Bernard</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Tinker</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>John S.I.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ingram</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Sten</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Struwe</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>GCTE Focus 3 Office, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of General Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author.</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Tropical forest felling can be for the purpose of traditional shifting cultivation, after which forest is re-established, or for permanent land-use change, which is defined as deforestation. Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in tropical deforestation caused by slash-and-burn clearing for the establishment of more permanent agriculture, plantations and pastures, which often result in degraded grasslands or degraded fallows. The net CO<ce:inf>2</ce:inf> balance in shifting cultivation is near zero if the forest returns to its original biomass and soil organic carbon status, although there is a small net release of other greenhouse gases during the cropping cycle. Deforestation by contrast normally causes large losses of CO<ce:inf>2</ce:inf> from the soil and vegetation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still difficult to quantify. Deforestation may lead to changes in evapotranspiration, runoff and local climate but there are few data. If it occurs in large continuous areas, the rainfall may be decreased, according to modelling studies.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>There is now no doubt that “human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases”, and that “these increases will enhance the greenhouse effect” (IPCC, 1990. <ce:italic>Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment</ce:italic>). The questions we address in this paper are to what extent slash-and-burn of forest is responsible, and how land conversion of this type will affect the climate system, including its impact on local and regional hydrology.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Slash-and-burn</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Deforestation</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Carbon balance</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Climate change</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Land use</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture and deforestation on climate change</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture and deforestation on climate change</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.Bernard</namePart><namePart type="family">Tinker</namePart><affiliation>GCTE Focus 3 Office, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</affiliation><description>Corresponding author.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John S.I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ingram</namePart><affiliation>GCTE Focus 3 Office, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sten</namePart><namePart type="family">Struwe</namePart><affiliation>Department of General Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1996</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1996</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Tropical forest felling can be for the purpose of traditional shifting cultivation, after which forest is re-established, or for permanent land-use change, which is defined as deforestation. Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in tropical deforestation caused by slash-and-burn clearing for the establishment of more permanent agriculture, plantations and pastures, which often result in degraded grasslands or degraded fallows. The net CO2 balance in shifting cultivation is near zero if the forest returns to its original biomass and soil organic carbon status, although there is a small net release of other greenhouse gases during the cropping cycle. Deforestation by contrast normally causes large losses of CO2 from the soil and vegetation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still difficult to quantify. Deforestation may lead to changes in evapotranspiration, runoff and local climate but there are few data. If it occurs in large continuous areas, the rainfall may be decreased, according to modelling studies. There is now no doubt that “human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases”, and that “these increases will enhance the greenhouse effect” (IPCC, 1990. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment). The questions we address in this paper are to what extent slash-and-burn of forest is responsible, and how land conversion of this type will affect the climate system, including its impact on local and regional hydrology.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Slash-and-burn</topic><topic>Deforestation</topic><topic>Carbon balance</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Land use</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>AGEE</title></titleInfo><name type="conference"><namePart>Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Agriculture, Acapulco, Mexico</namePart><namePart type="date">19940711</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart>P.A. Sanchez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart>M. 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