Exclusion and Informality: The Praetorian Politics of Land Management in Cairo, Egypt
Identifieur interne : 000999 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000998; suivant : 000A00Exclusion and Informality: The Praetorian Politics of Land Management in Cairo, Egypt
Auteurs : W. J. DormanSource :
- International Journal of Urban and Regional Research [ 0309-1317 ] ; 2013-09.
Abstract
Since the late 1970s, Western aid agencies, including the US Agency for International Development (AID) and the World Bank, sought to assist the Egyptian government in planning its capital, Cairo. The aim was to foster an administratively competent Egyptian state able to respond, for example, to informal urbanization of the city's agricultural periphery by channelling the city's growth into planned and serviced desert sites. However, these initiatives were almost entirely unsuccessful. Egyptian officials rejected engagement with the informal urbanization process. The projects became enmeshed in bureaucratic struggles over control of valuable state desert land. This article examines these failed planning exercises, first, in order to assess what they indicate about Egypt's authoritarian dispensation of power, in place since 1952 but challenged in the February 2011 overthrow of President Husni Mubarak. It concludes that project failure is diagnostic of the regime's exclusionary nature and the presence of autonomous centres of power such as the Egyptian military. Secondly, the article looks at how this political order shaped Cairo's largely uncontrolled growth by constraining the Egyptian state's capacity to manage it. Thus, urban planning in Cairo reveals how authoritarian power relations have been inscribed upon Egyptian social space.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01202.x
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ISTEX:93C8240B478E690B4BB3F68DBBE76D1CAE6C2B6CLe document en format XML
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xml:id="ijur1202-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Politics and International Relations</orgDiv><orgDiv>School of Social and Political Science</orgDiv><orgName>University of Edinburgh</orgName><address><street>Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square</street><city>Edinburgh</city><countryPart>Midlothian</countryPart><postCode>EH8 9LD</postCode><country>Scotland, UK</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="ijur1202-kwd-0001">Informal urbanization</keyword><keyword xml:id="ijur1202-kwd-0002"><fc>E</fc>gyptian military</keyword><keyword xml:id="ijur1202-kwd-0003"><fc>U</fc>rban planning</keyword><keyword xml:id="ijur1202-kwd-0004">Foreign aid</keyword><keyword xml:id="ijur1202-kwd-0005"><fc>E</fc>gypt</keyword><keyword xml:id="ijur1202-kwd-0006"><fc>C</fc>airo</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>The University of London Central Research Fund</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>American Philosophical Society (Franklin Research Grant Program)</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Since the late 1970s, Western aid agencies, including the <fc>US A</fc>gency for <fc>I</fc>nternational <fc>D</fc>evelopment (<fc>AID</fc>) and the <fc>W</fc>orld <fc>B</fc>ank, sought to assist the <fc>E</fc>gyptian government in planning its capital, <fc>C</fc>airo. The aim was to foster an administratively competent <fc>E</fc>gyptian state able to respond, for example, to informal urbanization of the city's agricultural periphery by channelling the city's growth into planned and serviced desert sites. However, these initiatives were almost entirely unsuccessful. <fc>E</fc>gyptian officials rejected engagement with the informal urbanization process. The projects became enmeshed in bureaucratic struggles over control of valuable state desert land. This article examines these failed planning exercises, first, in order to assess what they indicate about <fc>E</fc>gypt's authoritarian dispensation of power, in place since 1952 but challenged in the February 2011 overthrow of <fc>P</fc>resident <fc>H</fc>usni <fc>M</fc>ubarak. It concludes that project failure is diagnostic of the regime's exclusionary nature and the presence of autonomous centres of power such as the <fc>E</fc>gyptian military. Secondly, the article looks at how this political order shaped Cairo's largely uncontrolled growth by constraining the <fc>E</fc>gyptian state's capacity to manage it. Thus, urban planning in <fc>C</fc>airo reveals how authoritarian power relations have been inscribed upon Egyptian social space.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note numbered="no" xml:id="ijur1202-note-0001">Over a decade ago Sara Dorman told me to publish these urban‐planning case studies, and I appreciate her patience in the intervening years. I am also very grateful to the IJURR referees, whose comments significantly strengthened the article's argument, clarity and contextualization. Discussions with Toby Kelly and Safa Ashoub about Cairo in the post‐Mubarak era provided unexpected inspiration and facilitated the revision process. The University of London Central Research Fund and the American Philosophical Society (Franklin Research Grant Program) provided essential financial support for the research upon which the article is based. The usual caveats apply.</note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Exclusion and Informality: The Praetorian Politics of Land Management in Cairo, Egypt</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>The praetorian politics of land management in Cairo</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Exclusion and Informality: The Praetorian Politics of Land Management in Cairo, Egypt</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dorman</namePart><affiliation>Department of Politics and International Relations, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Midlothian, EH8 9LD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: wj.dorman@ed.ac.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-09</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2012-12-19</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Since the late 1970s, Western aid agencies, including the US Agency for International Development (AID) and the World Bank, sought to assist the Egyptian government in planning its capital, Cairo. The aim was to foster an administratively competent Egyptian state able to respond, for example, to informal urbanization of the city's agricultural periphery by channelling the city's growth into planned and serviced desert sites. However, these initiatives were almost entirely unsuccessful. Egyptian officials rejected engagement with the informal urbanization process. The projects became enmeshed in bureaucratic struggles over control of valuable state desert land. This article examines these failed planning exercises, first, in order to assess what they indicate about Egypt's authoritarian dispensation of power, in place since 1952 but challenged in the February 2011 overthrow of President Husni Mubarak. It concludes that project failure is diagnostic of the regime's exclusionary nature and the presence of autonomous centres of power such as the Egyptian military. 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