Uncertainty and Invariance in the Human Visual Cortex
Identifieur interne : 000932 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 000931; suivant : 000933Uncertainty and Invariance in the Human Visual Cortex
Auteurs : Bosco S. Tjan [États-Unis] ; Vaia Lestou [Royaume-Uni] ; Zoe Kourtzi [Allemagne, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of neurophysiology [ 0022-3077 ] ; 2006.
Abstract
The way in which input noise perturbs the behavior of a system depends on the internal processing structure of the system. In visual psychophysics, there is a long tradition of using external noise methods (i.e., adding noise to visual stimuli) as tools for system identification. Here, we demonstrate that external noise affects processing of visual scenes at different cortical areas along the human ventral visual pathway, from retinotopic regions to higher occipitotemporal areas implicated in visual shape processing. We found that when the contrast of the stimulus was held constant, the further away from the retinal input a cortical area was the more its activity, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), depended on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the visual stimulus. A similar pattern of results was observed when trials with correct and incorrect responses were analyzed separately. We interpret these findings by extending signal detection theory to fMRI data analysis. This approach reveals the sequential ordering of decision stages in the cortex by exploiting the relation between fMRI response and stimulus SNR. In particular, our findings provide novel evidence that occipitotemporal areas in the ventral visual pathway form a cascade of decision stages with increasing degree of signal uncertainty and feature invariance.
Url:
DOI: 10.1152/jn.01367.2005
PubMed: 16723410
PubMed Central: 2699460
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Tjan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lestou, Vaia" sort="Lestou, Vaia" uniqKey="Lestou V" first="Vaia" last="Lestou">Vaia Lestou</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kourtzi, Zoe" sort="Kourtzi, Zoe" uniqKey="Kourtzi Z" first="Zoe" last="Kourtzi">Zoe Kourtzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4">School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Birmingham</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">16723410</idno><idno type="pmc">2699460</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699460</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2699460</idno><idno type="doi">10.1152/jn.01367.2005</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000676</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000676</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002503</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000932</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000932</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Uncertainty and Invariance in the Human Visual Cortex</title><author><name sortKey="Tjan, Bosco S" sort="Tjan, Bosco S" uniqKey="Tjan B" first="Bosco S." last="Tjan">Bosco S. 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In visual psychophysics, there is a long tradition of using external noise methods (i.e., adding noise to visual stimuli) as tools for system identification. Here, we demonstrate that external noise affects processing of visual scenes at different cortical areas along the human ventral visual pathway, from retinotopic regions to higher occipitotemporal areas implicated in visual shape processing. We found that when the contrast of the stimulus was held constant, the further away from the retinal input a cortical area was the more its activity, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), depended on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the visual stimulus. A similar pattern of results was observed when trials with correct and incorrect responses were analyzed separately. We interpret these findings by extending signal detection theory to fMRI data analysis. 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