Uncertainty and Invariance in the Human Visual Cortex
Identifieur interne : 000676 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000675; suivant : 000677Uncertainty and Invariance in the Human Visual Cortex
Auteurs : Bosco S. Tjan [États-Unis] ; Vaia Lestou [Royaume-Uni] ; Zoe Kourtzi [Allemagne, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of neurophysiology [ 0022-3077 ] ; 2006.
Abstract
The way in which input noise perturbs the behavior of a system depends on the internal processing structure of the system. In visual psychophysics, there is a long tradition of using external noise methods (i.e., adding noise to visual stimuli) as tools for system identification. Here, we demonstrate that external noise affects processing of visual scenes at different cortical areas along the human ventral visual pathway, from retinotopic regions to higher occipitotemporal areas implicated in visual shape processing. We found that when the contrast of the stimulus was held constant, the further away from the retinal input a cortical area was the more its activity, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), depended on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the visual stimulus. A similar pattern of results was observed when trials with correct and incorrect responses were analyzed separately. We interpret these findings by extending signal detection theory to fMRI data analysis. This approach reveals the sequential ordering of decision stages in the cortex by exploiting the relation between fMRI response and stimulus SNR. In particular, our findings provide novel evidence that occipitotemporal areas in the ventral visual pathway form a cascade of decision stages with increasing degree of signal uncertainty and feature invariance.
Url:
DOI: 10.1152/jn.01367.2005
PubMed: 16723410
PubMed Central: 2699460
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">The way in which input noise perturbs the behavior of a system depends on the internal processing structure of the system. In visual psychophysics, there is a long tradition of using external noise methods (i.e., adding noise to visual stimuli) as tools for system identification. Here, we demonstrate that external noise affects processing of visual scenes at different cortical areas along the human ventral visual pathway, from retinotopic regions to higher occipitotemporal areas implicated in visual shape processing. We found that when the contrast of the stimulus was held constant, the further away from the retinal input a cortical area was the more its activity, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), depended on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the visual stimulus. A similar pattern of results was observed when trials with correct and incorrect responses were analyzed separately. We interpret these findings by extending signal detection theory to fMRI data analysis. This approach reveals the sequential ordering of decision stages in the cortex by exploiting the relation between fMRI response and stimulus SNR. In particular, our findings provide novel evidence that occipitotemporal areas in the ventral visual pathway form a cascade of decision stages with increasing degree of signal uncertainty and feature invariance.</p>
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Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</aff>
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Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: B. Tjan, Dept. of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (E-mail: <email>btjan@usc.edu</email>
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<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2006 The American Physiological Society</copyright-statement>
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<abstract><p id="P1">The way in which input noise perturbs the behavior of a system depends on the internal processing structure of the system. In visual psychophysics, there is a long tradition of using external noise methods (i.e., adding noise to visual stimuli) as tools for system identification. Here, we demonstrate that external noise affects processing of visual scenes at different cortical areas along the human ventral visual pathway, from retinotopic regions to higher occipitotemporal areas implicated in visual shape processing. We found that when the contrast of the stimulus was held constant, the further away from the retinal input a cortical area was the more its activity, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), depended on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the visual stimulus. A similar pattern of results was observed when trials with correct and incorrect responses were analyzed separately. We interpret these findings by extending signal detection theory to fMRI data analysis. This approach reveals the sequential ordering of decision stages in the cortex by exploiting the relation between fMRI response and stimulus SNR. In particular, our findings provide novel evidence that occipitotemporal areas in the ventral visual pathway form a cascade of decision stages with increasing degree of signal uncertainty and feature invariance.</p>
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<contract-num rid="EY1">R03 EY016391-02</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="EY1">R03 EY016391-01</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="EY1">National Eye Institute : NEI</contract-sponsor>
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