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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Geography, biogeography, and why some countries are rich and others are poor</title><author><name sortKey="Hibbs, Douglas A" sort="Hibbs, Douglas A" uniqKey="Hibbs D" first="Douglas A." last="Hibbs">Douglas A. Hibbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsson, Ola" sort="Olsson, Ola" uniqKey="Olsson O" first="Ola" last="Olsson">Ola Olsson</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">14985502</idno><idno type="pmc">376185</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC376185</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:376185</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0305531101</idno><date when="2004">2004</date><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMedCentral/Corpus">000021</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMedCentral" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000021</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Geography, biogeography, and why some countries are rich and others are poor</title><author><name sortKey="Hibbs, Douglas A" sort="Hibbs, Douglas A" uniqKey="Hibbs D" first="Douglas A." last="Hibbs">Douglas A. Hibbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsson, Ola" sort="Olsson, Ola" uniqKey="Olsson O" first="Ola" last="Olsson">Ola Olsson</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2004">2004</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The most important event in human economic history before the industrial revolution was the Neolithic transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to sedentary agriculture, beginning ≈10,000 years ago. The transition made possible the human population explosion, the rise of non-food-producing specialists, and the acceleration of technological progress that led eventually to the industrial revolution. But the transition occurred at different times in different regions of the world, with big consequences for the present-day economic conditions of populations indigenous to each region. In this article, we show that differences in biogeographic initial conditions and in geography largely account for the different timings of the Neolithic transition and, thereby, ultimately help account for the 100-fold differences among the prosperity of nations today. The effects of biogeography and geography on the wealth of nations are partly mediated by the quality of present-day institutions but also are partly independent of institutional quality.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pnas</journal-id><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">14985502</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">376185</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1013715</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0305531101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Economic Sciences</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Geography, biogeography, and why some countries are rich and others are poor</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hibbs</surname><given-names>Douglas A.</given-names><suffix>Jr.</suffix></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olsson</surname><given-names>Ola</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="N0x9721db0.0x9d57f20">Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Box 640, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden</aff><author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label><p> To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>dhibbs@economics.gu.se</email>. </p></fn><fn><p>Communicated by Jared M. Diamond, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, August 27, 2003</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>9</day><month>3</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>2</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>3715</fpage><lpage>3720</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>13</day><month>5</month><year>2003</year></date></history><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2004, The National Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2004</copyright-year><abstract><p>The most important event in human economic history before the industrial revolution was the Neolithic transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to sedentary agriculture, beginning ≈10,000 years ago. The transition made possible the human population explosion, the rise of non-food-producing specialists, and the acceleration of technological progress that led eventually to the industrial revolution. But the transition occurred at different times in different regions of the world, with big consequences for the present-day economic conditions of populations indigenous to each region. In this article, we show that differences in biogeographic initial conditions and in geography largely account for the different timings of the Neolithic transition and, thereby, ultimately help account for the 100-fold differences among the prosperity of nations today. The effects of biogeography and geography on the wealth of nations are partly mediated by the quality of present-day institutions but also are partly independent of institutional quality.</p></abstract></article-meta><notes><fn-group><fn><p>Abbreviations: GDP, gross domestic product; B.C., before Christ; A.D., <italic>anno Domini</italic>.</p></fn></fn-group></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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