Longitudinal deformation models, spatial regularizations and learning strategies to quantify Alzheimer's disease progression
Identifieur interne : 002642 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002641; suivant : 002643Longitudinal deformation models, spatial regularizations and learning strategies to quantify Alzheimer's disease progression
Auteurs : Jean-Baptiste Fiot [Irlande (pays), France] ; Hugo Raguet [France] ; Laurent Risser [France] ; Laurent D. Cohen [France] ; Jurgen Fripp [Australie] ; François-Xavier Vialard [France]Source :
- NeuroImage : Clinical [ 2213-1582 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
In the context of Alzheimer's disease, two challenging issues are (1) the characterization of local hippocampal shape changes specific to disease progression and (2) the identification of mild-cognitive impairment patients likely to convert. In the literature, (1) is usually solved first to detect areas potentially related to the disease. These areas are then considered as an input to solve (2). As an alternative to this sequential strategy, we investigate the use of a classification model using logistic regression to address both issues (1) and (2) simultaneously. The classification of the patients therefore does not require any a priori definition of the most representative hippocampal areas potentially related to the disease, as they are automatically detected. We first quantify deformations of patients' hippocampi between two time points using the
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DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.02.002
PubMed: 24936423
PubMed Central: 4053641
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<series><title level="j">NeuroImage : Clinical</title>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of Alzheimer's disease, two challenging issues are (1) the characterization of local hippocampal shape changes specific to disease progression and (2) the identification of mild-cognitive impairment patients likely to convert. In the literature, (1) is usually solved first to detect areas potentially related to the disease. These areas are then considered as an input to solve (2). As an alternative to this sequential strategy, we investigate the use of a classification model using logistic regression to address both issues (1) and (2) simultaneously. The classification of the patients therefore does not require any a priori definition of the most representative hippocampal areas potentially related to the disease, as they are automatically detected. We first quantify deformations of patients' hippocampi between two time points using the <italic>large deformations by diffeomorphisms</italic>
framework and transport these deformations to a common template. Since the deformations are expected to be spatially structured, we perform classification combining logistic loss and <italic>spatial regularization</italic>
techniques, which have not been explored so far in this context, as far as we know. The main contribution of this paper is the comparison of regularization techniques enforcing the coefficient maps to be spatially smooth (Sobolev), piecewise constant (total variation) or sparse (fused LASSO) with standard regularization techniques which do not take into account the spatial structure (LASSO, ridge and ElasticNet). On a dataset of 103 patients out of ADNI, the techniques using spatial regularizations lead to the best classification rates. They also find coherent areas related to the disease progression.</p>
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<author><name sortKey="Hastie, T" uniqKey="Hastie T">T. Hastie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
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</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neuroimage Clin</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Neuroimage Clin</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>NeuroImage : Clinical</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2213-1582</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24936423</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4053641</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2213-1582(14)00020-5</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.nicl.2014.02.002</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Longitudinal deformation models, spatial regularizations and learning strategies to quantify Alzheimer's disease progression</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fiot</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Baptiste</given-names>
</name>
<email>jean-baptiste.fiot@centraliens.net</email>
<xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="af0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="cr0005" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref>
<xref rid="fn0005" ref-type="fn">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raguet</surname>
<given-names>Hugo</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="af0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Risser</surname>
<given-names>Laurent</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="af0020" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>Laurent D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="af0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fripp</surname>
<given-names>Jurgen</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="af0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vialard</surname>
<given-names>François-Xavier</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="af0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative</collab>
<xref rid="fn0010" ref-type="fn">2</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af0005"><label>a</label>
IBM Research, Smarter Cities Technology Centre, Damastown, Dublin 15, Ireland</aff>
<aff id="af0010"><label>b</label>
CEREMADE, UMR 7534 CNRS, Université Paris Dauphine, PSL★, France</aff>
<aff id="af0015"><label>c</label>
CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship ICTC, The Australian e-Health Research Centre — BioMedIA, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia</aff>
<aff id="af0020"><label>d</label>
CNRS, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR 5219, France</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cr0005"><label>⁎</label>
Corresponding author at: IBM Research, Smarter Cities Technology Centre, Damastown, Dublin 15, Ireland. <email>jean-baptiste.fiot@centraliens.net</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="fn0005"><label>1</label>
<p>Now affiliated to IBM Research. The work and preparation of this article were mostly done while being affiliated to Université Paris Dauphine.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn0010"><label>2</label>
<p>Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://adni.loni.usc.edu" id="ir0070">http://adni.loni.usc.edu</ext-link>
). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf" id="ir0075">http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf</ext-link>
.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<fpage>718</fpage>
<lpage>729</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>22</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 The Authors</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="CC BY" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>In the context of Alzheimer's disease, two challenging issues are (1) the characterization of local hippocampal shape changes specific to disease progression and (2) the identification of mild-cognitive impairment patients likely to convert. In the literature, (1) is usually solved first to detect areas potentially related to the disease. These areas are then considered as an input to solve (2). As an alternative to this sequential strategy, we investigate the use of a classification model using logistic regression to address both issues (1) and (2) simultaneously. The classification of the patients therefore does not require any a priori definition of the most representative hippocampal areas potentially related to the disease, as they are automatically detected. We first quantify deformations of patients' hippocampi between two time points using the <italic>large deformations by diffeomorphisms</italic>
framework and transport these deformations to a common template. Since the deformations are expected to be spatially structured, we perform classification combining logistic loss and <italic>spatial regularization</italic>
techniques, which have not been explored so far in this context, as far as we know. The main contribution of this paper is the comparison of regularization techniques enforcing the coefficient maps to be spatially smooth (Sobolev), piecewise constant (total variation) or sparse (fused LASSO) with standard regularization techniques which do not take into account the spatial structure (LASSO, ridge and ElasticNet). On a dataset of 103 patients out of ADNI, the techniques using spatial regularizations lead to the best classification rates. They also find coherent areas related to the disease progression.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="author-highlights"><title>Highlights</title>
<p><list list-type="simple"><list-item id="u0005"><label>•</label>
<p>Study of deformation models for longitudinal analysis</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0010"><label>•</label>
<p>New framework combining LDDMM, logistic regression and spatial regularizations</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0015"><label>•</label>
<p>Simultaneous disease progression classification and biomarker identification</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0020"><label>•</label>
<p>Validation in the context of Alzheimer's disease on a large dataset from ADNI</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd>
<kwd>Brain imaging</kwd>
<kwd>Deformation model</kwd>
<kwd>LDDMM</kwd>
<kwd>Disease progression</kwd>
<kwd>Karcher mean</kwd>
<kwd>Transport</kwd>
<kwd>Logistic regression</kwd>
<kwd>Spatial regularization</kwd>
<kwd>Coefficient map</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="f0005"><label>Fig. 1</label>
<caption><p>Four steps are needed to classify patient evolutions using local descriptors of shape deformations: (1) the local descriptors are computed for each patient independently, (2) a population template is computed, (3) all local shape deformation descriptors are transported towards this template, and (4) classification is performed.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr1"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0010"><label>Fig. 2</label>
<caption><p>For each patient, the initial momentum encoding the hippocampus evolution is computed in a two-step process.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr2"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0015"><label>Fig. 3</label>
<caption><p>Local descriptors of hippocampus evolutions are transported to the template in a two-step process. First the deformation field from the patient space to the population template. Second, this deformation field is used to transport the local descriptors.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr3"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0020"><label>Fig. 4</label>
<caption><p>Empirical measures of convergence of the Karcher template algorithm. On this dataset, we notice that (1) the convergence speeds are coherent with the ones presented in <xref rid="bb0280" ref-type="bibr">Vialard et al. (2011)</xref>
and <xref rid="bb0290" ref-type="bibr">Vialard et al. (2012b)</xref>
, i.e. only a few Karcher iterations are required for convergence, and (2) the alternate minimization over <italic>T</italic>
and {<italic>R</italic>
<sub><italic>i</italic>
</sub>
}<sub>1 ≤ <italic>i</italic>
≤ <italic>n</italic>
</sub>
provides a faster convergence than the one over <italic>T</italic>
with the {<italic>R</italic>
<sub>i</sub>
} fixed.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr4"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0025"><label>Fig. 5</label>
<caption><p>The region of interest Ω<italic><sub>S</sub>
</italic>
(visualized with transparency) is designed to select voxels close to the boundary (i.e. close to the surface) of <italic>T</italic>
. It is obtained via standard morphological operations, and in this study Ω<italic><sub>S</sub>
</italic>
contains 12,531 voxels.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr5"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0030"><label>Fig. 6</label>
<caption><p>Effects of various regularizations on the solution <inline-formula><mml:math id="M60" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">w</mml:mi>
<mml:mo stretchy="true">^</mml:mo>
</mml:mover>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
of the optimization problem. Each small image represents the coefficients of one 2D slice of <inline-formula><mml:math id="M61" altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">w</mml:mi>
<mml:mo stretchy="true">^</mml:mo>
</mml:mover>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
, which is a 3D volume. Zero coefficients are displayed in light green, higher values are going red and lower values are going blue. On each row, the regularization is increasing from left to right, and the 10th and 90th percentiles of the coefficients (resp. <italic>P</italic>
<sub>10</sub>
and <italic>P</italic>
<sub>90</sub>
) correspond to the saturation limits of the colorbar. Panels a, b and c show standard regularizations whereas Panels d, e and f show spatial regularizations. Spatial regularizations provide more structured coefficients.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr6"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="t0005" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Prediction accuracy of MCI patients' progression.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="t1"></graphic>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t0010" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Statistical <italic>p</italic>
-values of two-sample t-tests between different regularizations. The variable considered is Spec + Sens, and 50 realizations of the variable from random re-orderings of the patients were obtained for each sample. Two regularizations can be considered statistically significantly different if the test has a <italic>p</italic>
-value light green <italic>p</italic>
< α = 10<sup>− 3</sup>
(marked in green, red otherwise).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="t2"></graphic>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t0015" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Computation time of the various steps. (<sup>⁎</sup>
): can differ by several orders of magnitude, see <xref rid="s0100" ref-type="sec">Section 4.6</xref>
for details.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center"><bold>Step</bold>
</th>
<th align="center"><bold>Computation time</bold>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left">Preprocessing</td>
<td align="left">A few hours</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left">Geodesic shooting</td>
<td align="left">≈ 1 day</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left">Template computation</td>
<td align="left">≈ 3 days</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left">Transport</td>
<td align="left">≈ 1 day</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left">Learning and classification</td>
<td align="left">From 1 min to several days<sup>⁎</sup>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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