Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study
Identifieur interne : 000280 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000279; suivant : 000281Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study
Auteurs : Ting Shi [Royaume-Uni] ; David A. Mcallister [Royaume-Uni] ; Katherine L. O'Brien [États-Unis] ; Eric A F. Simoes [États-Unis] ; Shabir A. Madhi [Afrique du Sud] ; Bradford D. Gessner [France] ; Fernando P. Polack [Argentine] ; Evelyn Balsells [Royaume-Uni] ; Sozinho Acacio [Mozambique] ; Claudia Aguayo [Chili] ; Issifou Alassani [Togo] ; Asad Ali [Pakistan] ; Martin Antonio [Gambie] ; Shally Awasthi [Inde] ; Juliet O. Awori [Kenya] ; Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner [Bangladesh, États-Unis] ; Henry C. Baggett [Thaïlande, États-Unis] ; Vicky L. Baillie [Afrique du Sud] ; Angel Balmaseda [Nicaragua] ; Alfredo Barahona [Panama] ; Sudha Basnet [Norvège, Népal] ; Quique Bassat [Mozambique, Espagne] ; Wilma Basualdo [Paraguay] ; Godfrey Bigogo [Kenya] ; Louis Bont [Pays-Bas] ; Robert F. Breiman [États-Unis] ; W Abdullah Brooks [États-Unis, Bangladesh] ; Shobha Broor [Inde] ; Nigel Bruce [Royaume-Uni] ; Dana Bruden [États-Unis] ; Philippe Buchy [États-Unis] ; Stuart Campbell [Royaume-Uni] ; Phyllis Carosone-Link [États-Unis] ; Mandeep Chadha [Inde] ; James Chipeta [Zambie] ; Monidarin Chou [Cambodge] ; Wilfrido Clara [Guatemala] ; Cheryl Cohen [Afrique du Sud] ; Elizabeth De Cuellar [Salvador] ; Duc-Anh Dang [Viêt Nam] ; Budragchaagiin Dash-Yandag [Mongolie] ; Maria Deloria-Knoll [États-Unis] ; Mukesh Dherani [Royaume-Uni] ; Tekchheng Eap [Cambodge] ; Bernard E. Ebruke [Gambie] ; Marcela Echavarria [Argentine] ; Carla Cecília De Freitas Lázaro Emediato [Brésil] ; Rodrigo A. Fasce [Chili] ; Daniel R. Feikin [États-Unis] ; Luzhao Feng [République populaire de Chine] ; Angela Gentile [Argentine] ; Aubree Gordon [États-Unis] ; Doli Goswami [États-Unis, Bangladesh] ; Sophie Goyet [États-Unis] ; Michelle Groome [Afrique du Sud] ; Natasha Halasa [États-Unis] ; Siddhivinayak Hirve [Inde] ; Nusrat Homaira [Bangladesh, Australie] ; Stephen R C. Howie [Gambie, Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Jorge Jara [Guatemala] ; Imane Jroundi [Espagne, Maroc] ; Cissy B. Kartasasmita [Indonésie] ; Najwa Khuri-Bulos [Jordanie] ; Karen L. Kotloff [États-Unis] ; Anand Krishnan [Inde] ; Romina Libster [Argentine, États-Unis] ; Olga Lopez [Chili] ; Marilla G. Lucero [Philippines] ; Florencia Lucion [Argentine] ; Socorro P. Lupisan [Philippines] ; Debora N. Marcone [Argentine] ; John P. Mccracken [Guatemala] ; Mario Mejia [Guatemala] ; Jennifer C. Moisi [France] ; Joel M. Montgomery [Kenya] ; David P. Moore [Afrique du Sud] ; Cinta Moraleda [Espagne] ; Jocelyn Moyes [Afrique du Sud] ; Patrick Munywoki [Kenya] ; Kuswandewi Mutyara [Indonésie] ; Mark P. Nicol [Afrique du Sud] ; D James Nokes [Kenya, Royaume-Uni] ; Pagbajabyn Nymadawa [Mongolie] ; Maria Tereza Da Costa Oliveira [Brésil] ; Histoshi Oshitani [Japon] ; Nitin Pandey [Inde] ; Gláucia Paranhos-Baccalà [France] ; Lia N. Phillips [États-Unis] ; Valentina Sanchez Picot [France] ; Mustafizur Rahman [Bangladesh] ; Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo [Madagascar] ; Zeba A. Rasmussen [États-Unis] ; Barbara A. Rath [Allemagne] ; Annick Robinson [Madagascar] ; Candice Romero [Pérou] ; Graciela Russomando [Paraguay] ; Vahid Salimi [Iran] ; Pongpun Sawatwong [Thaïlande] ; Nienke Scheltema [Pays-Bas] ; Brunhilde Schweiger [Allemagne] ; J Anthony G. Scott [Kenya, Royaume-Uni] ; Phil Seidenberg [États-Unis] ; Kunling Shen [République populaire de Chine] ; Rosalyn Singleton [États-Unis] ; Viviana Sotomayor [Chili] ; Tor A. Strand [Norvège] ; Agustinus Sutanto [Indonésie] ; Mariam Sylla [Mali] ; Milagritos D. Tapia [États-Unis] ; Somsak Thamthitiwat [Thaïlande] ; Elizabeth D. Thomas [États-Unis] ; Rafal Tokarz [États-Unis] ; Claudia Turner [Thaïlande] ; Marietjie Venter [Afrique du Sud] ; Sunthareeya Waicharoen [Thaïlande] ; Jianwei Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Wanitda Watthanaworawit [Thaïlande] ; Lay-Myint Yoshida [Japon] ; Hongjie Yu [République populaire de Chine] ; Heather J. Zar [Afrique du Sud] ; Harry Campbell [Royaume-Uni] ; Harish Nair [Royaume-Uni, Inde]Source :
- Lancet (London, England) [ 0140-6736 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on RSV has yielded substantial new data from developing countries. With a considerably expanded dataset from a large international collaboration, we aimed to estimate the global incidence, hospital admission rate, and mortality from RSV-ALRI episodes in young children in 2015.
We estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2016, and unpublished data from 76 high quality population-based studies. We estimated the RSV-ALRI incidence for 132 developing countries using a risk factor-based model and 2015 population estimates. We estimated the in-hospital RSV-ALRI mortality by combining in-hospital case fatality ratios with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based (published and unpublished) studies. We also estimated overall RSV-ALRI mortality by identifying studies reporting monthly data for ALRI mortality in the community and RSV activity.
We estimated that globally in 2015, 33·1 million (uncertainty range [UR] 21·6–50·3) episodes of RSV-ALRI, resulted in about 3·2 million (2·7–3·8) hospital admissions, and 59 600 (48 000–74 500) in-hospital deaths in children younger than 5 years. In children younger than 6 months, 1·4 million (UR 1·2–1·7) hospital admissions, and 27 300 (UR 20 700–36 200) in-hospital deaths were due to RSV-ALRI. We also estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200 (UR 94 600–149 400). Incidence and mortality varied substantially from year to year in any given population.
Globally, RSV is a common cause of childhood ALRI and a major cause of hospital admissions in young children, resulting in a substantial burden on health-care services. About 45% of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to RSV-ALRI occur in children younger than 6 months. An effective maternal RSV vaccine or monoclonal antibody could have a substantial effect on disease burden in this age group.
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30938-8
PubMed: 28689664
PubMed Central: 5592248
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Bangladesh, Brésil, Cambodge, Chili, Espagne, France, Gambie, Guatemala, Inde, Indonésie, Iran, Japon, Jordanie, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Maroc, Mongolie, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Norvège, Nouvelle-Zélande, Népal, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Pays-Bas, Philippines, Pérou, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Salvador, Thaïlande, Togo, Viêt Nam, Zambie, États-Unis
- Alaska, Angleterre, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Berlin, Catalogne, Colorado, Gauteng, Grand Londres, Géorgie (États-Unis), Maryland, Michigan, Nouveau-Mexique, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Rhône-Alpes, Tennessee, Écosse, État de New York, État du Mississippi, Île-de-France
- Barcelone, Berlin, Glasgow, Johannesbourg, Londres, Lyon, New York, Paris, Pékin, Rabat, Édimbourg
- Université Columbia, Université d'Édimbourg, Université de Barcelone, Université de Glasgow, Université du Witwatersrand
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<author><name sortKey="Balmaseda, Angel" sort="Balmaseda, Angel" uniqKey="Balmaseda A" first="Angel" last="Balmaseda">Angel Balmaseda</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bassat, Quique" sort="Bassat, Quique" uniqKey="Bassat Q" first="Quique" last="Bassat">Quique Bassat</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24">ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">ICREA, Pg Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Basualdo, Wilma" sort="Basualdo, Wilma" uniqKey="Basualdo W" first="Wilma" last="Basualdo">Wilma Basualdo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bigogo, Godfrey" sort="Bigogo, Godfrey" uniqKey="Bigogo G" first="Godfrey" last="Bigogo">Godfrey Bigogo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bont, Louis" sort="Bont, Louis" uniqKey="Bont L" first="Louis" last="Bont">Louis Bont</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, AT, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, AT</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>AT</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks, W Abdullah" sort="Brooks, W Abdullah" uniqKey="Brooks W" first="W Abdullah" last="Brooks">W Abdullah Brooks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broor, Shobha" sort="Broor, Shobha" uniqKey="Broor S" first="Shobha" last="Broor">Shobha Broor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruce, Nigel" sort="Bruce, Nigel" uniqKey="Bruce N" first="Nigel" last="Bruce">Nigel Bruce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruden, Dana" sort="Bruden, Dana" uniqKey="Bruden D" first="Dana" last="Bruden">Dana Bruden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Alaska</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buchy, Philippe" sort="Buchy, Philippe" uniqKey="Buchy P" first="Philippe" last="Buchy">Philippe Buchy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff34">GSK Vaccines Singapore, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GSK Vaccines Singapore, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Stuart" sort="Campbell, Stuart" uniqKey="Campbell S" first="Stuart" last="Campbell">Stuart Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carosone Link, Phyllis" sort="Carosone Link, Phyllis" uniqKey="Carosone Link P" first="Phyllis" last="Carosone-Link">Phyllis Carosone-Link</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chadha, Mandeep" sort="Chadha, Mandeep" uniqKey="Chadha M" first="Mandeep" last="Chadha">Mandeep Chadha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">National Institute of Virology, Pune, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Virology, Pune</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pune</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chipeta, James" sort="Chipeta, James" uniqKey="Chipeta J" first="James" last="Chipeta">James Chipeta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Zambie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lusaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chou, Monidarin" sort="Chou, Monidarin" uniqKey="Chou M" first="Monidarin" last="Chou">Monidarin Chou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Phnom Penh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clara, Wilfrido" sort="Clara, Wilfrido" uniqKey="Clara W" first="Wilfrido" last="Clara">Wilfrido Clara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Region, Guatemala City, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Region, Guatemala City</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Guatemala City</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cohen, Cheryl" sort="Cohen, Cheryl" uniqKey="Cohen C" first="Cheryl" last="Cohen">Cheryl Cohen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff41">School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Cuellar, Elizabeth" sort="De Cuellar, Elizabeth" uniqKey="De Cuellar E" first="Elizabeth" last="De Cuellar">Elizabeth De Cuellar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santa Ana, Ministry of Health, El Salvador</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Salvador</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santa Ana, Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dang, Duc Anh" sort="Dang, Duc Anh" uniqKey="Dang D" first="Duc-Anh" last="Dang">Duc-Anh Dang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hanoi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dash Yandag, Budragchaagiin" sort="Dash Yandag, Budragchaagiin" uniqKey="Dash Yandag B" first="Budragchaagiin" last="Dash-Yandag">Budragchaagiin Dash-Yandag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Bayanzurkh District General Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bayanzurkh District General Hospital, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ulaanbaatar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deloria Knoll, Maria" sort="Deloria Knoll, Maria" uniqKey="Deloria Knoll M" first="Maria" last="Deloria-Knoll">Maria Deloria-Knoll</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dherani, Mukesh" sort="Dherani, Mukesh" uniqKey="Dherani M" first="Mukesh" last="Dherani">Mukesh Dherani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eap, Tekchheng" sort="Eap, Tekchheng" uniqKey="Eap T" first="Tekchheng" last="Eap">Tekchheng Eap</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45">Department of Pneumology, National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pneumology, National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Phnom Penh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ebruke, Bernard E" sort="Ebruke, Bernard E" uniqKey="Ebruke B" first="Bernard E" last="Ebruke">Bernard E. Ebruke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse, The Gambia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Gambie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Basse</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Echavarria, Marcela" sort="Echavarria, Marcela" uniqKey="Echavarria M" first="Marcela" last="Echavarria">Marcela Echavarria</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Freitas Lazaro Emediato, Carla Cecilia" sort="De Freitas Lazaro Emediato, Carla Cecilia" uniqKey="De Freitas Lazaro Emediato C" first="Carla Cecília" last="De Freitas Lázaro Emediato">Carla Cecília De Freitas Lázaro Emediato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fasce, Rodrigo A" sort="Fasce, Rodrigo A" uniqKey="Fasce R" first="Rodrigo A" last="Fasce">Rodrigo A. Fasce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff48">Public Health Institute, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Institute</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feng, Luzhao" sort="Feng, Luzhao" uniqKey="Feng L" first="Luzhao" last="Feng">Luzhao Feng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gentile, Angela" sort="Gentile, Angela" uniqKey="Gentile A" first="Angela" last="Gentile">Angela Gentile</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gordon, Aubree" sort="Gordon, Aubree" uniqKey="Gordon A" first="Aubree" last="Gordon">Aubree Gordon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff51">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goswami, Doli" sort="Goswami, Doli" uniqKey="Goswami D" first="Doli" last="Goswami">Doli Goswami</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goyet, Sophie" sort="Goyet, Sophie" uniqKey="Goyet S" first="Sophie" last="Goyet">Sophie Goyet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Groome, Michelle" sort="Groome, Michelle" uniqKey="Groome M" first="Michelle" last="Groome">Michelle Groome</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halasa, Natasha" sort="Halasa, Natasha" uniqKey="Halasa N" first="Natasha" last="Halasa">Natasha Halasa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirve, Siddhivinayak" sort="Hirve, Siddhivinayak" uniqKey="Hirve S" first="Siddhivinayak" last="Hirve">Siddhivinayak Hirve</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff53">KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pune</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Homaira, Nusrat" sort="Homaira, Nusrat" uniqKey="Homaira N" first="Nusrat" last="Homaira">Nusrat Homaira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff54">School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howie, Stephen R C" sort="Howie, Stephen R C" uniqKey="Howie S" first="Stephen R C" last="Howie">Stephen R C. Howie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse, The Gambia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Gambie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Basse</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jara, Jorge" sort="Jara, Jorge" uniqKey="Jara J" first="Jorge" last="Jara">Jorge Jara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jroundi, Imane" sort="Jroundi, Imane" uniqKey="Jroundi I" first="Imane" last="Jroundi">Imane Jroundi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24">ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Unit of Training and Research in Public Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of Training and Research in Public Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Rabat</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kartasasmita, Cissy B" sort="Kartasasmita, Cissy B" uniqKey="Kartasasmita C" first="Cissy B" last="Kartasasmita">Cissy B. Kartasasmita</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">University of Padjdjaran, Bandung, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Padjdjaran, Bandung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bandung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khuri Bulos, Najwa" sort="Khuri Bulos, Najwa" uniqKey="Khuri Bulos N" first="Najwa" last="Khuri-Bulos">Najwa Khuri-Bulos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff60">University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Jordan, Amman</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Amman</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kotloff, Karen L" sort="Kotloff, Karen L" uniqKey="Kotloff K" first="Karen L" last="Kotloff">Karen L. Kotloff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krishnan, Anand" sort="Krishnan, Anand" uniqKey="Krishnan A" first="Anand" last="Krishnan">Anand Krishnan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Libster, Romina" sort="Libster, Romina" uniqKey="Libster R" first="Romina" last="Libster">Romina Libster</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, Olga" sort="Lopez, Olga" uniqKey="Lopez O" first="Olga" last="Lopez">Olga Lopez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Hospital Dr Ernesto Torres Galdames, Iquique, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital Dr Ernesto Torres Galdames, Iquique</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iquique</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucero, Marilla G" sort="Lucero, Marilla G" uniqKey="Lucero M" first="Marilla G" last="Lucero">Marilla G. Lucero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Muntinlupa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucion, Florencia" sort="Lucion, Florencia" uniqKey="Lucion F" first="Florencia" last="Lucion">Florencia Lucion</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lupisan, Socorro P" sort="Lupisan, Socorro P" uniqKey="Lupisan S" first="Socorro P" last="Lupisan">Socorro P. Lupisan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Research Institute for Tropical Medicine-Department of Health, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Tropical Medicine-Department of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marcone, Debora N" sort="Marcone, Debora N" uniqKey="Marcone D" first="Debora N" last="Marcone">Debora N. Marcone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccracken, John P" sort="Mccracken, John P" uniqKey="Mccracken J" first="John P" last="Mccracken">John P. Mccracken</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mejia, Mario" sort="Mejia, Mario" uniqKey="Mejia M" first="Mario" last="Mejia">Mario Mejia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff66">Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moisi, Jennifer C" sort="Moisi, Jennifer C" uniqKey="Moisi J" first="Jennifer C" last="Moisi">Jennifer C. Moisi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Joel M" sort="Montgomery, Joel M" uniqKey="Montgomery J" first="Joel M" last="Montgomery">Joel M. Montgomery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff67">Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, David P" sort="Moore, David P" uniqKey="Moore D" first="David P" last="Moore">David P. Moore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moraleda, Cinta" sort="Moraleda, Cinta" uniqKey="Moraleda C" first="Cinta" last="Moraleda">Cinta Moraleda</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24">ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moyes, Jocelyn" sort="Moyes, Jocelyn" uniqKey="Moyes J" first="Jocelyn" last="Moyes">Jocelyn Moyes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff41">School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munywoki, Patrick" sort="Munywoki, Patrick" uniqKey="Munywoki P" first="Patrick" last="Munywoki">Patrick Munywoki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff68">Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pwani University, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mutyara, Kuswandewi" sort="Mutyara, Kuswandewi" uniqKey="Mutyara K" first="Kuswandewi" last="Mutyara">Kuswandewi Mutyara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">University of Padjdjaran, Bandung, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Padjdjaran, Bandung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bandung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicol, Mark P" sort="Nicol, Mark P" uniqKey="Nicol M" first="Mark P" last="Nicol">Mark P. Nicol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff69">Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nokes, D James" sort="Nokes, D James" uniqKey="Nokes D" first="D James" last="Nokes">D James Nokes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Coventry</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" sort="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" uniqKey="Nymadawa P" first="Pagbajabyn" last="Nymadawa">Pagbajabyn Nymadawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ulaanbaatar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza" sort="Da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza" uniqKey="Da Costa Oliveira M" first="Maria Tereza" last="Da Costa Oliveira">Maria Tereza Da Costa Oliveira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oshitani, Histoshi" sort="Oshitani, Histoshi" uniqKey="Oshitani H" first="Histoshi" last="Oshitani">Histoshi Oshitani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Miyagi Prefecture</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Miyagi Prefecture</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pandey, Nitin" sort="Pandey, Nitin" uniqKey="Pandey N" first="Nitin" last="Pandey">Nitin Pandey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow (UP), India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow (UP)</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lucknow (UP)</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paranhos Baccala, Glaucia" sort="Paranhos Baccala, Glaucia" uniqKey="Paranhos Baccala G" first="Gláucia" last="Paranhos-Baccalà">Gláucia Paranhos-Baccalà</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phillips, Lia N" sort="Phillips, Lia N" uniqKey="Phillips L" first="Lia N" last="Phillips">Lia N. Phillips</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff74">Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, AT, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, AT</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>AT</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Picot, Valentina Sanchez" sort="Picot, Valentina Sanchez" uniqKey="Picot V" first="Valentina Sanchez" last="Picot">Valentina Sanchez Picot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Mustafizur" sort="Rahman, Mustafizur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Mustafizur" last="Rahman">Mustafizur Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rakoto Andrianarivelo, Mala" sort="Rakoto Andrianarivelo, Mala" uniqKey="Rakoto Andrianarivelo M" first="Mala" last="Rakoto-Andrianarivelo">Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff75">Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Antananarivo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Zeba A" sort="Rasmussen, Zeba A" uniqKey="Rasmussen Z" first="Zeba A" last="Rasmussen">Zeba A. Rasmussen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rath, Barbara A" sort="Rath, Barbara A" uniqKey="Rath B" first="Barbara A" last="Rath">Barbara A. Rath</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff77">Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robinson, Annick" sort="Robinson, Annick" uniqKey="Robinson A" first="Annick" last="Robinson">Annick Robinson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff78">Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Antananarivo, Madagascar</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Antananarivo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Antananarivo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romero, Candice" sort="Romero, Candice" uniqKey="Romero C" first="Candice" last="Romero">Candice Romero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff79">United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Callao</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russomando, Graciela" sort="Russomando, Graciela" uniqKey="Russomando G" first="Graciela" last="Russomando">Graciela Russomando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff80">Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Universidad Nacional de Asuncion</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salimi, Vahid" sort="Salimi, Vahid" uniqKey="Salimi V" first="Vahid" last="Salimi">Vahid Salimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">School of Public Health, Virology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Virology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sawatwong, Pongpun" sort="Sawatwong, Pongpun" uniqKey="Sawatwong P" first="Pongpun" last="Sawatwong">Pongpun Sawatwong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nonthaburi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheltema, Nienke" sort="Scheltema, Nienke" uniqKey="Scheltema N" first="Nienke" last="Scheltema">Nienke Scheltema</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schweiger, Brunhilde" sort="Schweiger, Brunhilde" uniqKey="Schweiger B" first="Brunhilde" last="Schweiger">Brunhilde Schweiger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff82">Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, J Anthony G" sort="Scott, J Anthony G" uniqKey="Scott J" first="J Anthony G" last="Scott">J Anthony G. Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff83">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seidenberg, Phil" sort="Seidenberg, Phil" uniqKey="Seidenberg P" first="Phil" last="Seidenberg">Phil Seidenberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff84">Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Shen, Kunling" sort="Shen, Kunling" uniqKey="Shen K" first="Kunling" last="Shen">Kunling Shen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff85">Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singleton, Rosalyn" sort="Singleton, Rosalyn" uniqKey="Singleton R" first="Rosalyn" last="Singleton">Rosalyn Singleton</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Alaska</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff86">Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Alaska</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sotomayor, Viviana" sort="Sotomayor, Viviana" uniqKey="Sotomayor V" first="Viviana" last="Sotomayor">Viviana Sotomayor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strand, Tor A" sort="Strand, Tor A" uniqKey="Strand T" first="Tor A" last="Strand">Tor A. Strand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for International Health, University of Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff87">Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lillehammer</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutanto, Agustinus" sort="Sutanto, Agustinus" uniqKey="Sutanto A" first="Agustinus" last="Sutanto">Agustinus Sutanto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Ministry of Health, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sylla, Mariam" sort="Sylla, Mariam" uniqKey="Sylla M" first="Mariam" last="Sylla">Mariam Sylla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tapia, Milagritos D" sort="Tapia, Milagritos D" uniqKey="Tapia M" first="Milagritos D" last="Tapia">Milagritos D. Tapia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thamthitiwat, Somsak" sort="Thamthitiwat, Somsak" uniqKey="Thamthitiwat S" first="Somsak" last="Thamthitiwat">Somsak Thamthitiwat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nonthaburi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Elizabeth D" sort="Thomas, Elizabeth D" uniqKey="Thomas E" first="Elizabeth D" last="Thomas">Elizabeth D. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tokarz, Rafal" sort="Tokarz, Rafal" uniqKey="Tokarz R" first="Rafal" last="Tokarz">Rafal Tokarz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff90">Centre for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Claudia" sort="Turner, Claudia" uniqKey="Turner C" first="Claudia" last="Turner">Claudia Turner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff91">Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Venter, Marietjie" sort="Venter, Marietjie" uniqKey="Venter M" first="Marietjie" last="Venter">Marietjie Venter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Centre for Viral Zoonosis, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Viral Zoonosis, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pretoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waicharoen, Sunthareeya" sort="Waicharoen, Sunthareeya" uniqKey="Waicharoen S" first="Sunthareeya" last="Waicharoen">Sunthareeya Waicharoen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff93">National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Public Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jianwei" sort="Wang, Jianwei" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jianwei" last="Wang">Jianwei Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff94">MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watthanaworawit, Wanitda" sort="Watthanaworawit, Wanitda" uniqKey="Watthanaworawit W" first="Wanitda" last="Watthanaworawit">Wanitda Watthanaworawit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff91">Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoshida, Lay Myint" sort="Yoshida, Lay Myint" uniqKey="Yoshida L" first="Lay-Myint" last="Yoshida">Lay-Myint Yoshida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff95">Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nagasaki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Hongjie" sort="Yu, Hongjie" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Hongjie" last="Yu">Hongjie Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zar, Heather J" sort="Zar, Heather J" uniqKey="Zar H" first="Heather J" last="Zar">Heather J. Zar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff96">Department of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nair, Harish" sort="Nair, Harish" uniqKey="Nair H" first="Harish" last="Nair">Harish Nair</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff97">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Ting" sort="Shi, Ting" uniqKey="Shi T" first="Ting" last="Shi">Ting Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcallister, David A" sort="Mcallister, David A" uniqKey="Mcallister D" first="David A" last="Mcallister">David A. Mcallister</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Brien, Katherine L" sort="O Brien, Katherine L" uniqKey="O Brien K" first="Katherine L" last="O'Brien">Katherine L. O'Brien</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simoes, Eric A F" sort="Simoes, Eric A F" uniqKey="Simoes E" first="Eric A F" last="Simoes">Eric A F. Simoes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4">University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madhi, Shabir A" sort="Madhi, Shabir A" uniqKey="Madhi S" first="Shabir A" last="Madhi">Shabir A. Madhi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gessner, Bradford D" sort="Gessner, Bradford D" uniqKey="Gessner B" first="Bradford D" last="Gessner">Bradford D. Gessner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
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<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polack, Fernando P" sort="Polack, Fernando P" uniqKey="Polack F" first="Fernando P" last="Polack">Fernando P. Polack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balsells, Evelyn" sort="Balsells, Evelyn" uniqKey="Balsells E" first="Evelyn" last="Balsells">Evelyn Balsells</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Acacio, Sozinho" sort="Acacio, Sozinho" uniqKey="Acacio S" first="Sozinho" last="Acacio">Sozinho Acacio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aguayo, Claudia" sort="Aguayo, Claudia" uniqKey="Aguayo C" first="Claudia" last="Aguayo">Claudia Aguayo</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alassani, Issifou" sort="Alassani, Issifou" uniqKey="Alassani I" first="Issifou" last="Alassani">Issifou Alassani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Ministry of Health, Togo</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Togo</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, Asad" sort="Ali, Asad" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Asad" last="Ali">Asad Ali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Aga Khan University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Antonio, Martin" sort="Antonio, Martin" uniqKey="Antonio M" first="Martin" last="Antonio">Martin Antonio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse, The Gambia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Gambie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Basse</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Awasthi, Shally" sort="Awasthi, Shally" uniqKey="Awasthi S" first="Shally" last="Awasthi">Shally Awasthi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow (UP), India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow (UP)</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Awori, Juliet O" sort="Awori, Juliet O" uniqKey="Awori J" first="Juliet O" last="Awori">Juliet O. Awori</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Azziz Baumgartner, Eduardo" sort="Azziz Baumgartner, Eduardo" uniqKey="Azziz Baumgartner E" first="Eduardo" last="Azziz-Baumgartner">Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baggett, Henry C" sort="Baggett, Henry C" uniqKey="Baggett H" first="Henry C" last="Baggett">Henry C. Baggett</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nonthaburi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baillie, Vicky L" sort="Baillie, Vicky L" uniqKey="Baillie V" first="Vicky L" last="Baillie">Vicky L. Baillie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balmaseda, Angel" sort="Balmaseda, Angel" uniqKey="Balmaseda A" first="Angel" last="Balmaseda">Angel Balmaseda</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Ministry of Health, Nicaragua</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nicaragua</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barahona, Alfredo" sort="Barahona, Alfredo" uniqKey="Barahona A" first="Alfredo" last="Barahona">Alfredo Barahona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Hospital Materno Infantil Jose Domingo de Obaldia, Ciudad De David, Chiriqui, Panama</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Panama</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital Materno Infantil Jose Domingo de Obaldia, Ciudad De David, Chiriqui</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiriqui</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Basnet, Sudha" sort="Basnet, Sudha" uniqKey="Basnet S" first="Sudha" last="Basnet">Sudha Basnet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for International Health, University of Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Department of Child Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Nepal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bassat, Quique" sort="Bassat, Quique" uniqKey="Bassat Q" first="Quique" last="Bassat">Quique Bassat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24">ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">ICREA, Pg Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ICREA, Pg Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Basualdo, Wilma" sort="Basualdo, Wilma" uniqKey="Basualdo W" first="Wilma" last="Basualdo">Wilma Basualdo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, San Lorenzo, Paraguay</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, San Lorenzo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Lorenzo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bigogo, Godfrey" sort="Bigogo, Godfrey" uniqKey="Bigogo G" first="Godfrey" last="Bigogo">Godfrey Bigogo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kisumu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bont, Louis" sort="Bont, Louis" uniqKey="Bont L" first="Louis" last="Bont">Louis Bont</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, AT, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, AT</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>AT</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks, W Abdullah" sort="Brooks, W Abdullah" uniqKey="Brooks W" first="W Abdullah" last="Brooks">W Abdullah Brooks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broor, Shobha" sort="Broor, Shobha" uniqKey="Broor S" first="Shobha" last="Broor">Shobha Broor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruce, Nigel" sort="Bruce, Nigel" uniqKey="Bruce N" first="Nigel" last="Bruce">Nigel Bruce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruden, Dana" sort="Bruden, Dana" uniqKey="Bruden D" first="Dana" last="Bruden">Dana Bruden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Alaska</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buchy, Philippe" sort="Buchy, Philippe" uniqKey="Buchy P" first="Philippe" last="Buchy">Philippe Buchy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff34">GSK Vaccines Singapore, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GSK Vaccines Singapore, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Stuart" sort="Campbell, Stuart" uniqKey="Campbell S" first="Stuart" last="Campbell">Stuart Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carosone Link, Phyllis" sort="Carosone Link, Phyllis" uniqKey="Carosone Link P" first="Phyllis" last="Carosone-Link">Phyllis Carosone-Link</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chadha, Mandeep" sort="Chadha, Mandeep" uniqKey="Chadha M" first="Mandeep" last="Chadha">Mandeep Chadha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">National Institute of Virology, Pune, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Virology, Pune</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pune</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chipeta, James" sort="Chipeta, James" uniqKey="Chipeta J" first="James" last="Chipeta">James Chipeta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Zambie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lusaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chou, Monidarin" sort="Chou, Monidarin" uniqKey="Chou M" first="Monidarin" last="Chou">Monidarin Chou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Phnom Penh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clara, Wilfrido" sort="Clara, Wilfrido" uniqKey="Clara W" first="Wilfrido" last="Clara">Wilfrido Clara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Region, Guatemala City, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Region, Guatemala City</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Guatemala City</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cohen, Cheryl" sort="Cohen, Cheryl" uniqKey="Cohen C" first="Cheryl" last="Cohen">Cheryl Cohen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff41">School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Cuellar, Elizabeth" sort="De Cuellar, Elizabeth" uniqKey="De Cuellar E" first="Elizabeth" last="De Cuellar">Elizabeth De Cuellar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santa Ana, Ministry of Health, El Salvador</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Salvador</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santa Ana, Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dang, Duc Anh" sort="Dang, Duc Anh" uniqKey="Dang D" first="Duc-Anh" last="Dang">Duc-Anh Dang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hanoi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dash Yandag, Budragchaagiin" sort="Dash Yandag, Budragchaagiin" uniqKey="Dash Yandag B" first="Budragchaagiin" last="Dash-Yandag">Budragchaagiin Dash-Yandag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Bayanzurkh District General Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bayanzurkh District General Hospital, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ulaanbaatar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deloria Knoll, Maria" sort="Deloria Knoll, Maria" uniqKey="Deloria Knoll M" first="Maria" last="Deloria-Knoll">Maria Deloria-Knoll</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dherani, Mukesh" sort="Dherani, Mukesh" uniqKey="Dherani M" first="Mukesh" last="Dherani">Mukesh Dherani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eap, Tekchheng" sort="Eap, Tekchheng" uniqKey="Eap T" first="Tekchheng" last="Eap">Tekchheng Eap</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45">Department of Pneumology, National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pneumology, National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Phnom Penh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ebruke, Bernard E" sort="Ebruke, Bernard E" uniqKey="Ebruke B" first="Bernard E" last="Ebruke">Bernard E. Ebruke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse, The Gambia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Gambie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Basse</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Echavarria, Marcela" sort="Echavarria, Marcela" uniqKey="Echavarria M" first="Marcela" last="Echavarria">Marcela Echavarria</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Freitas Lazaro Emediato, Carla Cecilia" sort="De Freitas Lazaro Emediato, Carla Cecilia" uniqKey="De Freitas Lazaro Emediato C" first="Carla Cecília" last="De Freitas Lázaro Emediato">Carla Cecília De Freitas Lázaro Emediato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fasce, Rodrigo A" sort="Fasce, Rodrigo A" uniqKey="Fasce R" first="Rodrigo A" last="Fasce">Rodrigo A. Fasce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff48">Public Health Institute, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Institute</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feng, Luzhao" sort="Feng, Luzhao" uniqKey="Feng L" first="Luzhao" last="Feng">Luzhao Feng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gentile, Angela" sort="Gentile, Angela" uniqKey="Gentile A" first="Angela" last="Gentile">Angela Gentile</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gordon, Aubree" sort="Gordon, Aubree" uniqKey="Gordon A" first="Aubree" last="Gordon">Aubree Gordon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff51">Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goswami, Doli" sort="Goswami, Doli" uniqKey="Goswami D" first="Doli" last="Goswami">Doli Goswami</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goyet, Sophie" sort="Goyet, Sophie" uniqKey="Goyet S" first="Sophie" last="Goyet">Sophie Goyet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Groome, Michelle" sort="Groome, Michelle" uniqKey="Groome M" first="Michelle" last="Groome">Michelle Groome</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halasa, Natasha" sort="Halasa, Natasha" uniqKey="Halasa N" first="Natasha" last="Halasa">Natasha Halasa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirve, Siddhivinayak" sort="Hirve, Siddhivinayak" uniqKey="Hirve S" first="Siddhivinayak" last="Hirve">Siddhivinayak Hirve</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff53">KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pune</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Homaira, Nusrat" sort="Homaira, Nusrat" uniqKey="Homaira N" first="Nusrat" last="Homaira">Nusrat Homaira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff54">School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howie, Stephen R C" sort="Howie, Stephen R C" uniqKey="Howie S" first="Stephen R C" last="Howie">Stephen R C. Howie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse, The Gambia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Gambie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Basse</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jara, Jorge" sort="Jara, Jorge" uniqKey="Jara J" first="Jorge" last="Jara">Jorge Jara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jroundi, Imane" sort="Jroundi, Imane" uniqKey="Jroundi I" first="Imane" last="Jroundi">Imane Jroundi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24">ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Unit of Training and Research in Public Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of Training and Research in Public Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Rabat</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kartasasmita, Cissy B" sort="Kartasasmita, Cissy B" uniqKey="Kartasasmita C" first="Cissy B" last="Kartasasmita">Cissy B. Kartasasmita</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">University of Padjdjaran, Bandung, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Padjdjaran, Bandung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bandung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khuri Bulos, Najwa" sort="Khuri Bulos, Najwa" uniqKey="Khuri Bulos N" first="Najwa" last="Khuri-Bulos">Najwa Khuri-Bulos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff60">University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Jordan, Amman</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Amman</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kotloff, Karen L" sort="Kotloff, Karen L" uniqKey="Kotloff K" first="Karen L" last="Kotloff">Karen L. Kotloff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krishnan, Anand" sort="Krishnan, Anand" uniqKey="Krishnan A" first="Anand" last="Krishnan">Anand Krishnan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Libster, Romina" sort="Libster, Romina" uniqKey="Libster R" first="Romina" last="Libster">Romina Libster</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62">National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, Olga" sort="Lopez, Olga" uniqKey="Lopez O" first="Olga" last="Lopez">Olga Lopez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Hospital Dr Ernesto Torres Galdames, Iquique, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hospital Dr Ernesto Torres Galdames, Iquique</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iquique</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucero, Marilla G" sort="Lucero, Marilla G" uniqKey="Lucero M" first="Marilla G" last="Lucero">Marilla G. Lucero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Muntinlupa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucion, Florencia" sort="Lucion, Florencia" uniqKey="Lucion F" first="Florencia" last="Lucion">Florencia Lucion</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lupisan, Socorro P" sort="Lupisan, Socorro P" uniqKey="Lupisan S" first="Socorro P" last="Lupisan">Socorro P. Lupisan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Research Institute for Tropical Medicine-Department of Health, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Tropical Medicine-Department of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marcone, Debora N" sort="Marcone, Debora N" uniqKey="Marcone D" first="Debora N" last="Marcone">Debora N. Marcone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccracken, John P" sort="Mccracken, John P" uniqKey="Mccracken J" first="John P" last="Mccracken">John P. Mccracken</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Universidad del Valle de Guatemala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mejia, Mario" sort="Mejia, Mario" uniqKey="Mejia M" first="Mario" last="Mejia">Mario Mejia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff66">Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Guatemala</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moisi, Jennifer C" sort="Moisi, Jennifer C" uniqKey="Moisi J" first="Jennifer C" last="Moisi">Jennifer C. Moisi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Joel M" sort="Montgomery, Joel M" uniqKey="Montgomery J" first="Joel M" last="Montgomery">Joel M. Montgomery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff67">Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, David P" sort="Moore, David P" uniqKey="Moore D" first="David P" last="Moore">David P. Moore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moraleda, Cinta" sort="Moraleda, Cinta" uniqKey="Moraleda C" first="Cinta" last="Moraleda">Cinta Moraleda</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24">ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moyes, Jocelyn" sort="Moyes, Jocelyn" uniqKey="Moyes J" first="Jocelyn" last="Moyes">Jocelyn Moyes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff41">School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munywoki, Patrick" sort="Munywoki, Patrick" uniqKey="Munywoki P" first="Patrick" last="Munywoki">Patrick Munywoki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff68">Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pwani University, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mutyara, Kuswandewi" sort="Mutyara, Kuswandewi" uniqKey="Mutyara K" first="Kuswandewi" last="Mutyara">Kuswandewi Mutyara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59">University of Padjdjaran, Bandung, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Padjdjaran, Bandung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bandung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicol, Mark P" sort="Nicol, Mark P" uniqKey="Nicol M" first="Mark P" last="Nicol">Mark P. Nicol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff69">Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nokes, D James" sort="Nokes, D James" uniqKey="Nokes D" first="D James" last="Nokes">D James Nokes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Coventry</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" sort="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" uniqKey="Nymadawa P" first="Pagbajabyn" last="Nymadawa">Pagbajabyn Nymadawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ulaanbaatar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza" sort="Da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza" uniqKey="Da Costa Oliveira M" first="Maria Tereza" last="Da Costa Oliveira">Maria Tereza Da Costa Oliveira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oshitani, Histoshi" sort="Oshitani, Histoshi" uniqKey="Oshitani H" first="Histoshi" last="Oshitani">Histoshi Oshitani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Miyagi Prefecture</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Miyagi Prefecture</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pandey, Nitin" sort="Pandey, Nitin" uniqKey="Pandey N" first="Nitin" last="Pandey">Nitin Pandey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow (UP), India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow (UP)</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lucknow (UP)</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paranhos Baccala, Glaucia" sort="Paranhos Baccala, Glaucia" uniqKey="Paranhos Baccala G" first="Gláucia" last="Paranhos-Baccalà">Gláucia Paranhos-Baccalà</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phillips, Lia N" sort="Phillips, Lia N" uniqKey="Phillips L" first="Lia N" last="Phillips">Lia N. Phillips</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff74">Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, AT, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, AT</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>AT</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Picot, Valentina Sanchez" sort="Picot, Valentina Sanchez" uniqKey="Picot V" first="Valentina Sanchez" last="Picot">Valentina Sanchez Picot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Mustafizur" sort="Rahman, Mustafizur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Mustafizur" last="Rahman">Mustafizur Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rakoto Andrianarivelo, Mala" sort="Rakoto Andrianarivelo, Mala" uniqKey="Rakoto Andrianarivelo M" first="Mala" last="Rakoto-Andrianarivelo">Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff75">Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Antananarivo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Zeba A" sort="Rasmussen, Zeba A" uniqKey="Rasmussen Z" first="Zeba A" last="Rasmussen">Zeba A. Rasmussen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rath, Barbara A" sort="Rath, Barbara A" uniqKey="Rath B" first="Barbara A" last="Rath">Barbara A. Rath</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff77">Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robinson, Annick" sort="Robinson, Annick" uniqKey="Robinson A" first="Annick" last="Robinson">Annick Robinson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff78">Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Antananarivo, Madagascar</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Madagascar</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Antananarivo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Antananarivo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romero, Candice" sort="Romero, Candice" uniqKey="Romero C" first="Candice" last="Romero">Candice Romero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff79">United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Callao</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russomando, Graciela" sort="Russomando, Graciela" uniqKey="Russomando G" first="Graciela" last="Russomando">Graciela Russomando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff80">Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Universidad Nacional de Asuncion</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salimi, Vahid" sort="Salimi, Vahid" uniqKey="Salimi V" first="Vahid" last="Salimi">Vahid Salimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">School of Public Health, Virology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Virology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sawatwong, Pongpun" sort="Sawatwong, Pongpun" uniqKey="Sawatwong P" first="Pongpun" last="Sawatwong">Pongpun Sawatwong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nonthaburi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheltema, Nienke" sort="Scheltema, Nienke" uniqKey="Scheltema N" first="Nienke" last="Scheltema">Nienke Scheltema</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University Medical Center Utrecht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schweiger, Brunhilde" sort="Schweiger, Brunhilde" uniqKey="Schweiger B" first="Brunhilde" last="Schweiger">Brunhilde Schweiger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff82">Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, J Anthony G" sort="Scott, J Anthony G" uniqKey="Scott J" first="J Anthony G" last="Scott">J Anthony G. Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kilifi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff83">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seidenberg, Phil" sort="Seidenberg, Phil" uniqKey="Seidenberg P" first="Phil" last="Seidenberg">Phil Seidenberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff84">Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shen, Kunling" sort="Shen, Kunling" uniqKey="Shen K" first="Kunling" last="Shen">Kunling Shen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff85">Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singleton, Rosalyn" sort="Singleton, Rosalyn" uniqKey="Singleton R" first="Rosalyn" last="Singleton">Rosalyn Singleton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Alaska</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff86">Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Alaska</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sotomayor, Viviana" sort="Sotomayor, Viviana" uniqKey="Sotomayor V" first="Viviana" last="Sotomayor">Viviana Sotomayor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strand, Tor A" sort="Strand, Tor A" uniqKey="Strand T" first="Tor A" last="Strand">Tor A. Strand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for International Health, University of Bergen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff87">Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lillehammer</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutanto, Agustinus" sort="Sutanto, Agustinus" uniqKey="Sutanto A" first="Agustinus" last="Sutanto">Agustinus Sutanto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Ministry of Health, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sylla, Mariam" sort="Sylla, Mariam" uniqKey="Sylla M" first="Mariam" last="Sylla">Mariam Sylla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tapia, Milagritos D" sort="Tapia, Milagritos D" uniqKey="Tapia M" first="Milagritos D" last="Tapia">Milagritos D. Tapia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thamthitiwat, Somsak" sort="Thamthitiwat, Somsak" uniqKey="Thamthitiwat S" first="Somsak" last="Thamthitiwat">Somsak Thamthitiwat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nonthaburi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Elizabeth D" sort="Thomas, Elizabeth D" uniqKey="Thomas E" first="Elizabeth D" last="Thomas">Elizabeth D. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tokarz, Rafal" sort="Tokarz, Rafal" uniqKey="Tokarz R" first="Rafal" last="Tokarz">Rafal Tokarz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff90">Centre for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Claudia" sort="Turner, Claudia" uniqKey="Turner C" first="Claudia" last="Turner">Claudia Turner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff91">Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Venter, Marietjie" sort="Venter, Marietjie" uniqKey="Venter M" first="Marietjie" last="Venter">Marietjie Venter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Centre for Viral Zoonosis, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Viral Zoonosis, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pretoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waicharoen, Sunthareeya" sort="Waicharoen, Sunthareeya" uniqKey="Waicharoen S" first="Sunthareeya" last="Waicharoen">Sunthareeya Waicharoen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff93">National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Public Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jianwei" sort="Wang, Jianwei" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jianwei" last="Wang">Jianwei Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff94">MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watthanaworawit, Wanitda" sort="Watthanaworawit, Wanitda" uniqKey="Watthanaworawit W" first="Wanitda" last="Watthanaworawit">Wanitda Watthanaworawit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff91">Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoshida, Lay Myint" sort="Yoshida, Lay Myint" uniqKey="Yoshida L" first="Lay-Myint" last="Yoshida">Lay-Myint Yoshida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff95">Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nagasaki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Hongjie" sort="Yu, Hongjie" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Hongjie" last="Yu">Hongjie Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zar, Heather J" sort="Zar, Heather J" uniqKey="Zar H" first="Heather J" last="Zar">Heather J. Zar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff96">Department of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Cape Town</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nair, Harish" sort="Nair, Harish" uniqKey="Nair H" first="Harish" last="Nair">Harish Nair</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff97">Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1474-547X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title>
<sec><title>Background</title>
<p>We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on RSV has yielded substantial new data from developing countries. With a considerably expanded dataset from a large international collaboration, we aimed to estimate the global incidence, hospital admission rate, and mortality from RSV-ALRI episodes in young children in 2015.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2016, and unpublished data from 76 high quality population-based studies. We estimated the RSV-ALRI incidence for 132 developing countries using a risk factor-based model and 2015 population estimates. We estimated the in-hospital RSV-ALRI mortality by combining in-hospital case fatality ratios with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based (published and unpublished) studies. We also estimated overall RSV-ALRI mortality by identifying studies reporting monthly data for ALRI mortality in the community and RSV activity.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Findings</title>
<p>We estimated that globally in 2015, 33·1 million (uncertainty range [UR] 21·6–50·3) episodes of RSV-ALRI, resulted in about 3·2 million (2·7–3·8) hospital admissions, and 59 600 (48 000–74 500) in-hospital deaths in children younger than 5 years. In children younger than 6 months, 1·4 million (UR 1·2–1·7) hospital admissions, and 27 300 (UR 20 700–36 200) in-hospital deaths were due to RSV-ALRI. We also estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200 (UR 94 600–149 400). Incidence and mortality varied substantially from year to year in any given population.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Interpretation</title>
<p>Globally, RSV is a common cause of childhood ALRI and a major cause of hospital admissions in young children, resulting in a substantial burden on health-care services. About 45% of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to RSV-ALRI occur in children younger than 6 months. An effective maternal RSV vaccine or monoclonal antibody could have a substantial effect on disease burden in this age group.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Funding</title>
<p>The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Theodoratou, E" uniqKey="Theodoratou E">E Theodoratou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcallister, Da" uniqKey="Mcallister D">DA McAllister</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reed, C" uniqKey="Reed C">C Reed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oza, S" uniqKey="Oza S">S Oza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hogan, D" uniqKey="Hogan D">D Hogan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nair, H" uniqKey="Nair H">H Nair</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nokes, Dj" uniqKey="Nokes D">DJ Nokes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gessner, Bd" uniqKey="Gessner B">BD Gessner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mazur, Ni" uniqKey="Mazur N">NI Mazur</name>
</author>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Lancet</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Lancet</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Lancet (London, England)</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0140-6736</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1474-547X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28689664</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5592248</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0140-6736(17)30938-8</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30938-8</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname>
<given-names>Ting</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McAllister</surname>
<given-names>David A</given-names>
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<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O'Brien</surname>
<given-names>Katherine L</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Simoes</surname>
<given-names>Eric A F</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Madhi</surname>
<given-names>Shabir A</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">f</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gessner</surname>
<given-names>Bradford D</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">g</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Polack</surname>
<given-names>Fernando P</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff8" ref-type="aff">h</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balsells</surname>
<given-names>Evelyn</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Acacio</surname>
<given-names>Sozinho</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff9" ref-type="aff">i</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aguayo</surname>
<given-names>Claudia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff10" ref-type="aff">j</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alassani</surname>
<given-names>Issifou</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff11" ref-type="aff">k</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ali</surname>
<given-names>Asad</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff12" ref-type="aff">l</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Antonio</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff13" ref-type="aff">m</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Awasthi</surname>
<given-names>Shally</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff14" ref-type="aff">n</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Awori</surname>
<given-names>Juliet O</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBCh</degrees>
<xref rid="aff15" ref-type="aff">o</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Azziz-Baumgartner</surname>
<given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff16" ref-type="aff">p</xref>
<xref rid="aff17" ref-type="aff">q</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baggett</surname>
<given-names>Henry C</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
<xref rid="aff19" ref-type="aff">s</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baillie</surname>
<given-names>Vicky L</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balmaseda</surname>
<given-names>Angel</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff20" ref-type="aff">t</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barahona</surname>
<given-names>Alfredo</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff21" ref-type="aff">u</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Basnet</surname>
<given-names>Sudha</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff22" ref-type="aff">v</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
<xref rid="aff23" ref-type="aff">w</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bassat</surname>
<given-names>Quique</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff9" ref-type="aff">i</xref>
<xref rid="aff24" ref-type="aff">x</xref>
<xref rid="aff25" ref-type="aff">y</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Basualdo</surname>
<given-names>Wilma</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff26" ref-type="aff">z</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bigogo</surname>
<given-names>Godfrey</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff27" ref-type="aff">aa</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bont</surname>
<given-names>Louis</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff28" ref-type="aff">ab</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Breiman</surname>
<given-names>Robert F</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff29" ref-type="aff">ac</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brooks</surname>
<given-names>W Abdullah</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="aff16" ref-type="aff">p</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Broor</surname>
<given-names>Shobha</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff30" ref-type="aff">ad</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bruce</surname>
<given-names>Nigel</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff31" ref-type="aff">ae</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bruden</surname>
<given-names>Dana</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref rid="aff32" ref-type="aff">af</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buchy</surname>
<given-names>Philippe</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff33" ref-type="aff">ag</xref>
<xref rid="aff34" ref-type="aff">ah</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>Stuart</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBChB</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carosone-Link</surname>
<given-names>Phyllis</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref rid="aff35" ref-type="aff">ai</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chadha</surname>
<given-names>Mandeep</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff36" ref-type="aff">aj</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chipeta</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">ak</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chou</surname>
<given-names>Monidarin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff38" ref-type="aff">al</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clara</surname>
<given-names>Wilfrido</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff39" ref-type="aff">am</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>Cheryl</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff40" ref-type="aff">an</xref>
<xref rid="aff41" ref-type="aff">ao</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Cuellar</surname>
<given-names>Elizabeth</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff42" ref-type="aff">ap</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dang</surname>
<given-names>Duc-Anh</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff43" ref-type="aff">aq</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dash-yandag</surname>
<given-names>Budragchaagiin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">ar</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deloria-Knoll</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dherani</surname>
<given-names>Mukesh</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff31" ref-type="aff">ae</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eap</surname>
<given-names>Tekchheng</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff45" ref-type="aff">as</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ebruke</surname>
<given-names>Bernard E</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff13" ref-type="aff">m</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Echavarria</surname>
<given-names>Marcela</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff46" ref-type="aff">at</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Freitas Lázaro Emediato</surname>
<given-names>Carla Cecília</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>RN</degrees>
<xref rid="aff47" ref-type="aff">au</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fasce</surname>
<given-names>Rodrigo A</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff48" ref-type="aff">av</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feikin</surname>
<given-names>Daniel R</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff17" ref-type="aff">q</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname>
<given-names>Luzhao</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff49" ref-type="aff">aw</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gentile</surname>
<given-names>Angela</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff50" ref-type="aff">ax</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gordon</surname>
<given-names>Aubree</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff51" ref-type="aff">ay</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goswami</surname>
<given-names>Doli</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBS</degrees>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="aff16" ref-type="aff">p</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goyet</surname>
<given-names>Sophie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff33" ref-type="aff">ag</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Groome</surname>
<given-names>Michelle</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">f</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Halasa</surname>
<given-names>Natasha</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff52" ref-type="aff">az</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hirve</surname>
<given-names>Siddhivinayak</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff53" ref-type="aff">ba</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Homaira</surname>
<given-names>Nusrat</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff16" ref-type="aff">p</xref>
<xref rid="aff54" ref-type="aff">bb</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Howie</surname>
<given-names>Stephen R C</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff13" ref-type="aff">m</xref>
<xref rid="aff55" ref-type="aff">bc</xref>
<xref rid="aff56" ref-type="aff">bd</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jara</surname>
<given-names>Jorge</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff57" ref-type="aff">be</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jroundi</surname>
<given-names>Imane</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff24" ref-type="aff">x</xref>
<xref rid="aff58" ref-type="aff">bf</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kartasasmita</surname>
<given-names>Cissy B</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff59" ref-type="aff">bg</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khuri-Bulos</surname>
<given-names>Najwa</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff60" ref-type="aff">bh</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kotloff</surname>
<given-names>Karen L</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff61" ref-type="aff">bi</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krishnan</surname>
<given-names>Anand</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff30" ref-type="aff">ad</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Libster</surname>
<given-names>Romina</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff8" ref-type="aff">h</xref>
<xref rid="aff52" ref-type="aff">az</xref>
<xref rid="aff62" ref-type="aff">bj</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lopez</surname>
<given-names>Olga</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff63" ref-type="aff">bk</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lucero</surname>
<given-names>Marilla G</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff64" ref-type="aff">bl</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lucion</surname>
<given-names>Florencia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff50" ref-type="aff">ax</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lupisan</surname>
<given-names>Socorro P</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff65" ref-type="aff">bm</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marcone</surname>
<given-names>Debora N</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff46" ref-type="aff">at</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McCracken</surname>
<given-names>John P</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>ScD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff57" ref-type="aff">be</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mejia</surname>
<given-names>Mario</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff66" ref-type="aff">bn</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moisi</surname>
<given-names>Jennifer C</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">g</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Montgomery</surname>
<given-names>Joel M</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff67" ref-type="aff">bo</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>David P</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>FCPaeds</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">f</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moraleda</surname>
<given-names>Cinta</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff24" ref-type="aff">x</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moyes</surname>
<given-names>Jocelyn</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBCh</degrees>
<xref rid="aff40" ref-type="aff">an</xref>
<xref rid="aff41" ref-type="aff">ao</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Munywoki</surname>
<given-names>Patrick</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff15" ref-type="aff">o</xref>
<xref rid="aff68" ref-type="aff">bp</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mutyara</surname>
<given-names>Kuswandewi</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff59" ref-type="aff">bg</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nicol</surname>
<given-names>Mark P</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff69" ref-type="aff">bq</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nokes</surname>
<given-names>D James</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff15" ref-type="aff">o</xref>
<xref rid="aff70" ref-type="aff">br</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nymadawa</surname>
<given-names>Pagbajabyn</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff71" ref-type="aff">bs</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>da Costa Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>Maria Tereza</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff47" ref-type="aff">au</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oshitani</surname>
<given-names>Histoshi</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff72" ref-type="aff">bt</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pandey</surname>
<given-names>Nitin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff14" ref-type="aff">n</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paranhos-Baccalà</surname>
<given-names>Gláucia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff73" ref-type="aff">bu</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Phillips</surname>
<given-names>Lia N</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff74" ref-type="aff">bv</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Picot</surname>
<given-names>Valentina Sanchez</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DVM</degrees>
<xref rid="aff73" ref-type="aff">bu</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rahman</surname>
<given-names>Mustafizur</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff16" ref-type="aff">p</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rakoto-Andrianarivelo</surname>
<given-names>Mala</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff75" ref-type="aff">bw</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>Zeba A</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff76" ref-type="aff">by</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rath</surname>
<given-names>Barbara A</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff77" ref-type="aff">by</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>Annick</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff78" ref-type="aff">bz</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romero</surname>
<given-names>Candice</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff79" ref-type="aff">ca</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Russomando</surname>
<given-names>Graciela</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff80" ref-type="aff">cb</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salimi</surname>
<given-names>Vahid</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff81" ref-type="aff">cc</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sawatwong</surname>
<given-names>Pongpun</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scheltema</surname>
<given-names>Nienke</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff28" ref-type="aff">ab</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schweiger</surname>
<given-names>Brunhilde</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff82" ref-type="aff">cd</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>J Anthony G</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>FRCP</degrees>
<xref rid="aff15" ref-type="aff">o</xref>
<xref rid="aff83" ref-type="aff">ce</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seidenberg</surname>
<given-names>Phil</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff84" ref-type="aff">cf</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shen</surname>
<given-names>Kunling</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff85" ref-type="aff">cg</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singleton</surname>
<given-names>Rosalyn</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff32" ref-type="aff">af</xref>
<xref rid="aff86" ref-type="aff">ch</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sotomayor</surname>
<given-names>Viviana</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff10" ref-type="aff">j</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strand</surname>
<given-names>Tor A</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff22" ref-type="aff">v</xref>
<xref rid="aff87" ref-type="aff">ci</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sutanto</surname>
<given-names>Agustinus</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff88" ref-type="aff">cj</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sylla</surname>
<given-names>Mariam</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff89" ref-type="aff">ck</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tapia</surname>
<given-names>Milagritos D</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff61" ref-type="aff">bi</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thamthitiwat</surname>
<given-names>Somsak</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">r</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>Elizabeth D</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MPH</degrees>
<xref rid="aff76" ref-type="aff">by</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tokarz</surname>
<given-names>Rafal</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff90" ref-type="aff">cl</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>Claudia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff91" ref-type="aff">cm</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Venter</surname>
<given-names>Marietjie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff92" ref-type="aff">cn</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waicharoen</surname>
<given-names>Sunthareeya</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff93" ref-type="aff">co</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Jianwei</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff94" ref-type="aff">cp</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watthanaworawit</surname>
<given-names>Wanitda</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="aff91" ref-type="aff">cm</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yoshida</surname>
<given-names>Lay-Myint</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff95" ref-type="aff">cq</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Hongjie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff49" ref-type="aff">aw</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zar</surname>
<given-names>Heather J</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff96" ref-type="aff">cr</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>Harry</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nair</surname>
<given-names>Harish</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Prof</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<email>harish.nair@ed.ac.uk</email>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff97" ref-type="aff">cs</xref>
<xref rid="fn2" ref-type="fn">†</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>RSV Global Epidemiology Network</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>
Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>
Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>
Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MS, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>
University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>
Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>f</label>
Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>g</label>
Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>h</label>
Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>i</label>
Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>j</label>
Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health, Chile</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>k</label>
Ministry of Health, Togo</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>l</label>
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><label>m</label>
Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Basse, The Gambia</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><label>n</label>
Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow (UP), India</aff>
<aff id="aff15"><label>o</label>
Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya</aff>
<aff id="aff16"><label>p</label>
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh</aff>
<aff id="aff17"><label>q</label>
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff18"><label>r</label>
Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health—US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</aff>
<aff id="aff19"><label>s</label>
Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff20"><label>t</label>
Ministry of Health, Nicaragua</aff>
<aff id="aff21"><label>u</label>
Hospital Materno Infantil Jose Domingo de Obaldia, Ciudad De David, Chiriqui, Panama</aff>
<aff id="aff22"><label>v</label>
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway</aff>
<aff id="aff23"><label>w</label>
Department of Child Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Nepal</aff>
<aff id="aff24"><label>x</label>
ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="aff25"><label>y</label>
ICREA, Pg Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain</aff>
<aff id="aff26"><label>z</label>
Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, San Lorenzo, Paraguay</aff>
<aff id="aff27"><label>aa</label>
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya</aff>
<aff id="aff28"><label>ab</label>
Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="aff29"><label>ac</label>
Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, AT, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff30"><label>ad</label>
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India</aff>
<aff id="aff31"><label>ae</label>
Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff32"><label>af</label>
Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff33"><label>ag</label>
Institute Pasteur Cambodia, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff34"><label>ah</label>
GSK Vaccines Singapore, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff35"><label>ai</label>
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff36"><label>aj</label>
National Institute of Virology, Pune, India</aff>
<aff id="aff37"><label>ak</label>
University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia</aff>
<aff id="aff38"><label>al</label>
Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</aff>
<aff id="aff39"><label>am</label>
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central American Region, Guatemala City, Guatemala</aff>
<aff id="aff40"><label>an</label>
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff41"><label>ao</label>
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff42"><label>ap</label>
Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santa Ana, Ministry of Health, El Salvador</aff>
<aff id="aff43"><label>aq</label>
National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam</aff>
<aff id="aff44"><label>ar</label>
Bayanzurkh District General Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia</aff>
<aff id="aff45"><label>as</label>
Department of Pneumology, National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</aff>
<aff id="aff46"><label>at</label>
Centro de Educación Médica envestigaciones Clínicas “CEMIC”, Argentina</aff>
<aff id="aff47"><label>au</label>
Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte, Brazil</aff>
<aff id="aff48"><label>av</label>
Public Health Institute, Chile</aff>
<aff id="aff49"><label>aw</label>
Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China</aff>
<aff id="aff50"><label>ax</label>
Epidemiology Department, Austral University and Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital, Argentina</aff>
<aff id="aff51"><label>ay</label>
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff52"><label>az</label>
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff53"><label>ba</label>
KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune, India</aff>
<aff id="aff54"><label>bb</label>
School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia</aff>
<aff id="aff55"><label>bc</label>
Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</aff>
<aff id="aff56"><label>bd</label>
Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand</aff>
<aff id="aff57"><label>be</label>
Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala</aff>
<aff id="aff58"><label>bf</label>
Unit of Training and Research in Public Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco</aff>
<aff id="aff59"><label>bg</label>
University of Padjdjaran, Bandung, Indonesia</aff>
<aff id="aff60"><label>bh</label>
University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan</aff>
<aff id="aff61"><label>bi</label>
Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff62"><label>bj</label>
National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina</aff>
<aff id="aff63"><label>bk</label>
Hospital Dr Ernesto Torres Galdames, Iquique, Chile</aff>
<aff id="aff64"><label>bl</label>
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines</aff>
<aff id="aff65"><label>bm</label>
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine-Department of Health, Philippines</aff>
<aff id="aff66"><label>bn</label>
Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Guatemala</aff>
<aff id="aff67"><label>bo</label>
Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya</aff>
<aff id="aff68"><label>bp</label>
Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya</aff>
<aff id="aff69"><label>bq</label>
Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff70"><label>br</label>
School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff71"><label>bs</label>
Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia</aff>
<aff id="aff72"><label>bt</label>
Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan</aff>
<aff id="aff73"><label>bu</label>
Emerging Pathofens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France</aff>
<aff id="aff74"><label>bv</label>
Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, AT, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff75"><label>bw</label>
Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar</aff>
<aff id="aff76"><label>by</label>
Fogarty International Center Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff77"><label>by</label>
Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff78"><label>bz</label>
Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Antananarivo, Madagascar</aff>
<aff id="aff79"><label>ca</label>
United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru</aff>
<aff id="aff80"><label>cb</label>
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay</aff>
<aff id="aff81"><label>cc</label>
School of Public Health, Virology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran</aff>
<aff id="aff82"><label>cd</label>
Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff83"><label>ce</label>
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="aff84"><label>cf</label>
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff85"><label>cg</label>
Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China</aff>
<aff id="aff86"><label>ch</label>
Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff87"><label>ci</label>
Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway</aff>
<aff id="aff88"><label>cj</label>
Ministry of Health, Indonesia</aff>
<aff id="aff89"><label>ck</label>
CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali</aff>
<aff id="aff90"><label>cl</label>
Centre for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff91"><label>cm</label>
Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand</aff>
<aff id="aff92"><label>cn</label>
Centre for Viral Zoonosis, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff93"><label>co</label>
National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand</aff>
<aff id="aff94"><label>cp</label>
MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China</aff>
<aff id="aff95"><label>cq</label>
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan</aff>
<aff id="aff96"><label>cr</label>
Department of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="aff97"><label>cs</label>
Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
Correspondence to: Prof Harish Nair, Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKCorrespondence to: Prof Harish Nair, Centre for Global Health ResearchUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and InformaticsEdinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghTeviot PlaceEdinburghEH8 9AGUK <email>harish.nair@ed.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="fn1"><label>*</label>
<p id="cenpara100">Authors listed alphabetically</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn2"><label>†</label>
<p id="cenpara110">Corresponding author</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>02</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>02</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>390</volume>
<issue>10098</issue>
<fpage>946</fpage>
<lpage>958</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
<license license-type="CC BY" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<related-article related-article-type="article-reference" id="d31e12" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31476-9"></related-article>
<abstract id="ceab10"><title>Summary</title>
<sec><title>Background</title>
<p>We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on RSV has yielded substantial new data from developing countries. With a considerably expanded dataset from a large international collaboration, we aimed to estimate the global incidence, hospital admission rate, and mortality from RSV-ALRI episodes in young children in 2015.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2016, and unpublished data from 76 high quality population-based studies. We estimated the RSV-ALRI incidence for 132 developing countries using a risk factor-based model and 2015 population estimates. We estimated the in-hospital RSV-ALRI mortality by combining in-hospital case fatality ratios with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based (published and unpublished) studies. We also estimated overall RSV-ALRI mortality by identifying studies reporting monthly data for ALRI mortality in the community and RSV activity.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Findings</title>
<p>We estimated that globally in 2015, 33·1 million (uncertainty range [UR] 21·6–50·3) episodes of RSV-ALRI, resulted in about 3·2 million (2·7–3·8) hospital admissions, and 59 600 (48 000–74 500) in-hospital deaths in children younger than 5 years. In children younger than 6 months, 1·4 million (UR 1·2–1·7) hospital admissions, and 27 300 (UR 20 700–36 200) in-hospital deaths were due to RSV-ALRI. We also estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200 (UR 94 600–149 400). Incidence and mortality varied substantially from year to year in any given population.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Interpretation</title>
<p>Globally, RSV is a common cause of childhood ALRI and a major cause of hospital admissions in young children, resulting in a substantial burden on health-care services. About 45% of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to RSV-ALRI occur in children younger than 6 months. An effective maternal RSV vaccine or monoclonal antibody could have a substantial effect on disease burden in this age group.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Funding</title>
<p>The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Argentine</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Bangladesh</li>
<li>Brésil</li>
<li>Cambodge</li>
<li>Chili</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Gambie</li>
<li>Guatemala</li>
<li>Inde</li>
<li>Indonésie</li>
<li>Iran</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Jordanie</li>
<li>Kenya</li>
<li>Madagascar</li>
<li>Mali</li>
<li>Maroc</li>
<li>Mongolie</li>
<li>Mozambique</li>
<li>Nicaragua</li>
<li>Norvège</li>
<li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li>
<li>Népal</li>
<li>Pakistan</li>
<li>Panama</li>
<li>Paraguay</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Philippines</li>
<li>Pérou</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>Salvador</li>
<li>Thaïlande</li>
<li>Togo</li>
<li>Viêt Nam</li>
<li>Zambie</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Alaska</li>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Berlin</li>
<li>Catalogne</li>
<li>Colorado</li>
<li>Gauteng</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Michigan</li>
<li>Nouveau-Mexique</li>
<li>Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Tennessee</li>
<li>Écosse</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
<li>État du Mississippi</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Barcelone</li>
<li>Berlin</li>
<li>Glasgow</li>
<li>Johannesbourg</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Lyon</li>
<li>New York</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Pékin</li>
<li>Rabat</li>
<li>Édimbourg</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Columbia</li>
<li>Université d'Édimbourg</li>
<li>Université de Barcelone</li>
<li>Université de Glasgow</li>
<li>Université du Witwatersrand</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Écosse"><name sortKey="Shi, Ting" sort="Shi, Ting" uniqKey="Shi T" first="Ting" last="Shi">Ting Shi</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Balsells, Evelyn" sort="Balsells, Evelyn" uniqKey="Balsells E" first="Evelyn" last="Balsells">Evelyn Balsells</name>
<name sortKey="Bruce, Nigel" sort="Bruce, Nigel" uniqKey="Bruce N" first="Nigel" last="Bruce">Nigel Bruce</name>
<name sortKey="Campbell, Harry" sort="Campbell, Harry" uniqKey="Campbell H" first="Harry" last="Campbell">Harry Campbell</name>
<name sortKey="Campbell, Stuart" sort="Campbell, Stuart" uniqKey="Campbell S" first="Stuart" last="Campbell">Stuart Campbell</name>
<name sortKey="Dherani, Mukesh" sort="Dherani, Mukesh" uniqKey="Dherani M" first="Mukesh" last="Dherani">Mukesh Dherani</name>
<name sortKey="Mcallister, David A" sort="Mcallister, David A" uniqKey="Mcallister D" first="David A" last="Mcallister">David A. Mcallister</name>
<name sortKey="Nair, Harish" sort="Nair, Harish" uniqKey="Nair H" first="Harish" last="Nair">Harish Nair</name>
<name sortKey="Nokes, D James" sort="Nokes, D James" uniqKey="Nokes D" first="D James" last="Nokes">D James Nokes</name>
<name sortKey="Scott, J Anthony G" sort="Scott, J Anthony G" uniqKey="Scott J" first="J Anthony G" last="Scott">J Anthony G. Scott</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="État du Mississippi"><name sortKey="O Brien, Katherine L" sort="O Brien, Katherine L" uniqKey="O Brien K" first="Katherine L" last="O'Brien">Katherine L. O'Brien</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Azziz Baumgartner, Eduardo" sort="Azziz Baumgartner, Eduardo" uniqKey="Azziz Baumgartner E" first="Eduardo" last="Azziz-Baumgartner">Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner</name>
<name sortKey="Baggett, Henry C" sort="Baggett, Henry C" uniqKey="Baggett H" first="Henry C" last="Baggett">Henry C. Baggett</name>
<name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F" last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name>
<name sortKey="Brooks, W Abdullah" sort="Brooks, W Abdullah" uniqKey="Brooks W" first="W Abdullah" last="Brooks">W Abdullah Brooks</name>
<name sortKey="Bruden, Dana" sort="Bruden, Dana" uniqKey="Bruden D" first="Dana" last="Bruden">Dana Bruden</name>
<name sortKey="Buchy, Philippe" sort="Buchy, Philippe" uniqKey="Buchy P" first="Philippe" last="Buchy">Philippe Buchy</name>
<name sortKey="Buchy, Philippe" sort="Buchy, Philippe" uniqKey="Buchy P" first="Philippe" last="Buchy">Philippe Buchy</name>
<name sortKey="Carosone Link, Phyllis" sort="Carosone Link, Phyllis" uniqKey="Carosone Link P" first="Phyllis" last="Carosone-Link">Phyllis Carosone-Link</name>
<name sortKey="Deloria Knoll, Maria" sort="Deloria Knoll, Maria" uniqKey="Deloria Knoll M" first="Maria" last="Deloria-Knoll">Maria Deloria-Knoll</name>
<name sortKey="Feikin, Daniel R" sort="Feikin, Daniel R" uniqKey="Feikin D" first="Daniel R" last="Feikin">Daniel R. Feikin</name>
<name sortKey="Gordon, Aubree" sort="Gordon, Aubree" uniqKey="Gordon A" first="Aubree" last="Gordon">Aubree Gordon</name>
<name sortKey="Goswami, Doli" sort="Goswami, Doli" uniqKey="Goswami D" first="Doli" last="Goswami">Doli Goswami</name>
<name sortKey="Goyet, Sophie" sort="Goyet, Sophie" uniqKey="Goyet S" first="Sophie" last="Goyet">Sophie Goyet</name>
<name sortKey="Halasa, Natasha" sort="Halasa, Natasha" uniqKey="Halasa N" first="Natasha" last="Halasa">Natasha Halasa</name>
<name sortKey="Kotloff, Karen L" sort="Kotloff, Karen L" uniqKey="Kotloff K" first="Karen L" last="Kotloff">Karen L. Kotloff</name>
<name sortKey="Libster, Romina" sort="Libster, Romina" uniqKey="Libster R" first="Romina" last="Libster">Romina Libster</name>
<name sortKey="Phillips, Lia N" sort="Phillips, Lia N" uniqKey="Phillips L" first="Lia N" last="Phillips">Lia N. Phillips</name>
<name sortKey="Rasmussen, Zeba A" sort="Rasmussen, Zeba A" uniqKey="Rasmussen Z" first="Zeba A" last="Rasmussen">Zeba A. Rasmussen</name>
<name sortKey="Seidenberg, Phil" sort="Seidenberg, Phil" uniqKey="Seidenberg P" first="Phil" last="Seidenberg">Phil Seidenberg</name>
<name sortKey="Simoes, Eric A F" sort="Simoes, Eric A F" uniqKey="Simoes E" first="Eric A F" last="Simoes">Eric A F. Simoes</name>
<name sortKey="Singleton, Rosalyn" sort="Singleton, Rosalyn" uniqKey="Singleton R" first="Rosalyn" last="Singleton">Rosalyn Singleton</name>
<name sortKey="Singleton, Rosalyn" sort="Singleton, Rosalyn" uniqKey="Singleton R" first="Rosalyn" last="Singleton">Rosalyn Singleton</name>
<name sortKey="Tapia, Milagritos D" sort="Tapia, Milagritos D" uniqKey="Tapia M" first="Milagritos D" last="Tapia">Milagritos D. Tapia</name>
<name sortKey="Thomas, Elizabeth D" sort="Thomas, Elizabeth D" uniqKey="Thomas E" first="Elizabeth D" last="Thomas">Elizabeth D. Thomas</name>
<name sortKey="Tokarz, Rafal" sort="Tokarz, Rafal" uniqKey="Tokarz R" first="Rafal" last="Tokarz">Rafal Tokarz</name>
</country>
<country name="Afrique du Sud"><region name="Gauteng"><name sortKey="Madhi, Shabir A" sort="Madhi, Shabir A" uniqKey="Madhi S" first="Shabir A" last="Madhi">Shabir A. Madhi</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Baillie, Vicky L" sort="Baillie, Vicky L" uniqKey="Baillie V" first="Vicky L" last="Baillie">Vicky L. Baillie</name>
<name sortKey="Cohen, Cheryl" sort="Cohen, Cheryl" uniqKey="Cohen C" first="Cheryl" last="Cohen">Cheryl Cohen</name>
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