Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid Rhizanthella gardneri Highlights Evolutionary Constraints on Plastid Genomes
Identifieur interne : 006054 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 006053; suivant : 006055Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid Rhizanthella gardneri Highlights Evolutionary Constraints on Plastid Genomes
Auteurs : Etienne Delannoy [Australie, France] ; Sota Fujii [Australie] ; Catherine Colas Des Francs-Small [Australie] ; Mark Brundrett [Australie] ; Ian Small [Australie]Source :
- Molecular Biology and Evolution [ 0737-4038 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Since the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts from cyanobacteria 2 billion years ago, the evolution of plastids has been characterized by massive loss of genes. Most plants and algae depend on photosynthesis for energy and have retained ∼110 genes in their chloroplast genome that encode components of the gene expression machinery and subunits of the photosystems. However, nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants have retained a reduced plastid genome, showing that plastids have other essential functions besides photosynthesis. We sequenced the complete plastid genome of the underground orchid,
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr028
PubMed: 21289370
PubMed Central: 3112369
Affiliations:
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid <italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Since the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts from cyanobacteria 2 billion years ago, the evolution of plastids has been characterized by massive loss of genes. Most plants and algae depend on photosynthesis for energy and have retained ∼110 genes in their chloroplast genome that encode components of the gene expression machinery and subunits of the photosystems. However, nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants have retained a reduced plastid genome, showing that plastids have other essential functions besides photosynthesis. We sequenced the complete plastid genome of the underground orchid, <italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic>
. This remarkable parasitic subterranean orchid possesses the smallest organelle genome yet described in land plants. With only 20 proteins, 4 rRNAs, and 9 tRNAs encoded in 59,190 bp, it is the least gene-rich plastid genome known to date apart from the fragmented plastid genome of some dinoflagellates. Despite numerous differences, striking similarities with plastid genomes from unrelated parasitic plants identify a minimal set of protein-encoding and tRNA genes required to reside in plant plastids. This prime example of convergent evolution implies shared selective constraints on gene loss or transfer.</p>
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