Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid Rhizanthella gardneri Highlights Evolutionary Constraints on Plastid Genomes
Identifieur interne : 002190 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002189; suivant : 002191Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid Rhizanthella gardneri Highlights Evolutionary Constraints on Plastid Genomes
Auteurs : Etienne Delannoy [Australie, France] ; Sota Fujii [Australie] ; Catherine Colas Des Francs-Small [Australie] ; Mark Brundrett [Australie] ; Ian Small [Australie]Source :
- Molecular Biology and Evolution [ 0737-4038 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Since the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts from cyanobacteria 2 billion years ago, the evolution of plastids has been characterized by massive loss of genes. Most plants and algae depend on photosynthesis for energy and have retained ∼110 genes in their chloroplast genome that encode components of the gene expression machinery and subunits of the photosystems. However, nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants have retained a reduced plastid genome, showing that plastids have other essential functions besides photosynthesis. We sequenced the complete plastid genome of the underground orchid,
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr028
PubMed: 21289370
PubMed Central: 3112369
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid <italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic> Highlights Evolutionary Constraints on Plastid Genomes</title><author><name sortKey="Delannoy, Etienne" sort="Delannoy, Etienne" uniqKey="Delannoy E" first="Etienne" last="Delannoy">Etienne Delannoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Cadarache, St. Paul Les Durances, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Cadarache, St. Paul Les Durances</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul Les Durances</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul Les Durances</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujii, Sota" sort="Fujii, Sota" uniqKey="Fujii S" first="Sota" last="Fujii">Sota Fujii</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colas Des Francs Small, Catherine" sort="Colas Des Francs Small, Catherine" uniqKey="Colas Des Francs Small C" first="Catherine" last="Colas Des Francs-Small">Catherine Colas Des Francs-Small</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brundrett, Mark" sort="Brundrett, Mark" uniqKey="Brundrett M" first="Mark" last="Brundrett">Mark Brundrett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Small, Ian" sort="Small, Ian" uniqKey="Small I" first="Ian" last="Small">Ian Small</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21289370</idno><idno type="pmc">3112369</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3112369</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3112369</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/molbev/msr028</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002763</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002763</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002613</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002613</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002190</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002190</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid <italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic> Highlights Evolutionary Constraints on Plastid Genomes</title><author><name sortKey="Delannoy, Etienne" sort="Delannoy, Etienne" uniqKey="Delannoy E" first="Etienne" last="Delannoy">Etienne Delannoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Cadarache, St. Paul Les Durances, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Cadarache, St. Paul Les Durances</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul Les Durances</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul Les Durances</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujii, Sota" sort="Fujii, Sota" uniqKey="Fujii S" first="Sota" last="Fujii">Sota Fujii</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colas Des Francs Small, Catherine" sort="Colas Des Francs Small, Catherine" uniqKey="Colas Des Francs Small C" first="Catherine" last="Colas Des Francs-Small">Catherine Colas Des Francs-Small</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brundrett, Mark" sort="Brundrett, Mark" uniqKey="Brundrett M" first="Mark" last="Brundrett">Mark Brundrett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Small, Ian" sort="Small, Ian" uniqKey="Small I" first="Ian" last="Small">Ian Small</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Molecular Biology and Evolution</title><idno type="ISSN">0737-4038</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-1719</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Since the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts from cyanobacteria 2 billion years ago, the evolution of plastids has been characterized by massive loss of genes. Most plants and algae depend on photosynthesis for energy and have retained ∼110 genes in their chloroplast genome that encode components of the gene expression machinery and subunits of the photosystems. However, nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants have retained a reduced plastid genome, showing that plastids have other essential functions besides photosynthesis. We sequenced the complete plastid genome of the underground orchid, <italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic>. This remarkable parasitic subterranean orchid possesses the smallest organelle genome yet described in land plants. With only 20 proteins, 4 rRNAs, and 9 tRNAs encoded in 59,190 bp, it is the least gene-rich plastid genome known to date apart from the fragmented plastid genome of some dinoflagellates. Despite numerous differences, striking similarities with plastid genomes from unrelated parasitic plants identify a minimal set of protein-encoding and tRNA genes required to reside in plant plastids. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mol Biol Evol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">molbiolevol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">molbev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Molecular Biology and Evolution</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0737-4038</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-1719</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21289370</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3112369</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/molbev/msr028</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Rampant Gene Loss in the Underground Orchid <italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic> Highlights Evolutionary Constraints on Plastid Genomes</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Delannoy</surname><given-names>Etienne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fujii</surname><given-names>Sota</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colas des Francs-Small</surname><given-names>Catherine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brundrett</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Small</surname><given-names>Ian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Cadarache, St. Paul Les Durances, France</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> E-mail: <email>delannoy@evry.inra.fr</email>.</corresp><fn><p><bold>Associate editor</bold>: Charles Delwiche</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>2</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>2</day><month>2</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>28</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>2077</fpage><lpage>2086</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Since the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts from cyanobacteria 2 billion years ago, the evolution of plastids has been characterized by massive loss of genes. Most plants and algae depend on photosynthesis for energy and have retained ∼110 genes in their chloroplast genome that encode components of the gene expression machinery and subunits of the photosystems. However, nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants have retained a reduced plastid genome, showing that plastids have other essential functions besides photosynthesis. We sequenced the complete plastid genome of the underground orchid, <italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic>. This remarkable parasitic subterranean orchid possesses the smallest organelle genome yet described in land plants. With only 20 proteins, 4 rRNAs, and 9 tRNAs encoded in 59,190 bp, it is the least gene-rich plastid genome known to date apart from the fragmented plastid genome of some dinoflagellates. Despite numerous differences, striking similarities with plastid genomes from unrelated parasitic plants identify a minimal set of protein-encoding and tRNA genes required to reside in plant plastids. This prime example of convergent evolution implies shared selective constraints on gene loss or transfer.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Rhizanthella gardneri</italic></kwd><kwd>mycoheterotroph</kwd><kwd>chloroplast</kwd><kwd>tRNA import</kwd><kwd>gene loss</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Delannoy, Etienne" sort="Delannoy, Etienne" uniqKey="Delannoy E" first="Etienne" last="Delannoy">Etienne Delannoy</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Brundrett, Mark" sort="Brundrett, Mark" uniqKey="Brundrett M" first="Mark" last="Brundrett">Mark Brundrett</name><name sortKey="Colas Des Francs Small, Catherine" sort="Colas Des Francs Small, Catherine" uniqKey="Colas Des Francs Small C" first="Catherine" last="Colas Des Francs-Small">Catherine Colas Des Francs-Small</name><name sortKey="Fujii, Sota" sort="Fujii, Sota" uniqKey="Fujii S" first="Sota" last="Fujii">Sota Fujii</name><name sortKey="Small, Ian" sort="Small, Ian" uniqKey="Small I" first="Ian" last="Small">Ian Small</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Delannoy, Etienne" sort="Delannoy, Etienne" uniqKey="Delannoy E" first="Etienne" last="Delannoy">Etienne Delannoy</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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